Identidad deportiva en chile: Un proceso sociocultural y material marcado por el estado y el neoliberalismo

Indexación: Scopus.The construction of athlete identity is an interesting topic in the field of sociocultural studies of sport. The objective of this study was to analyze the athlete identity construction of the Chilean athletes to gain comprehension on this topic. Through a qualitative study, 17 semi-structured interviews were developed with high performance and recreative athletes from conventional and adapted modalities. The results show that there are two categories to construct Chilean sports identity: sociocultural conditions and material conditions, which are marked by neoliberal logics and values. We conclude by expressing that gender is a dimension that generate alternative discourses to dispute individualism and competition as present values ​in Chilean athlete identity.https://seer.ufrgs.br/Movimento/article/view/10053

Estudio del comportamiento reológico de mezclas y ligantes bituminosos utilizando modelos de viscoelasticidad fraccionaria

[ES]Este estudio se centra en el comportamiento viscoelástico de mezclas bituminosas compuestas de diferentes partículas de agregado mineral unidas mediante un aglutinante bituminoso. Las mezclas bituminosas son el material compuestos más utilizado en la construcción de capas de pavimentos flexibles. El estudio mecánico de estos materiales se realiza actualmente utilizando modelos viscoelásticos como el modelo de Burgers. Sin embargo, este modelo solo se limita a explicar algunos de los fenómenos viscoelásticos de una mezcla bituminosa, principalmente, por que fue desarrollado para explicar el comportamiento reológico de un material único con naturaleza dual (elástico y viscoso) y no para un conjunto de materiales como la mezcla bituminosa. Este trabajo presenta un nuevo enfoque, que proporciona un marco mas apropiado para el desarrollo de mezclas y ligantes bituminosos. El modelo presentado asume una partícula de árido limitada por un aglomerante bituminoso, el cual, fue desarrollado mediante la utilización de ecuaciones diferenciales fraccionarias, para la simulación de los fenómenos de fluencia y recuperación. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que a diferencia del modelo de Burgers, el nuevo modelo puede ajustar las deformaciones a fluencia y predecir el comportamiento de recuperación al final del cada ciclo. Los datos entregados por el modelo cuantifican las propiedades mecánicas del esqueleto mineral de la mezcla y del ligante bituminoso, permitiendo correlacionar los ensayos de fluencia y recuperación para mezclas, con las dispuestas en el reómetro de corte dinámico mediante el ensayo MSCR (The Multiple Stress Creep Recovery), generando mayor detalle de las propiedades reológicas y mejorando el diseño de mezclas bituminosas

Study of the mechanical behavior of asphalt mixtures using fractional rheology to model their viscoelasticity

This study focuses on the mechanical behavior of asphalt mixtures composed of aggregate particles attached with an asphalt binder. Asphalt mixtures are viscoelastic composite materials widely used in the construction of pavement layers. The modelling of such materials is currently done using the Burgers model. However, this model is limited when explaining some of the viscoelastic phenomena of an asphalt mixture, mainly because the Burgers model was developed for a single material with a dual nature. This work presents a new approach that provides a more appropriate framework for studying asphalt mixtures. The model assumes an aggregate particle enclosed by an asphalt material. Viscoelastic equations were developed using derivatives of fractional order. Then, the creep, recovery, and relaxation phenomena in an asphalt mixture were analyzed using the new model. Unlike the Burgers model, the new model can predict the elastic jump observed at the beginning of the creep modulus. Thus, the new model seems to describe better those practical cases of asphalt mixtures used in the construction of pavement layers. The new model can be used to modify the properties of the binder for designing optimized and more resistant asphalt mixtures

How Can Physical Inactivity in Girls Be Explained? A Socioecological Study in Public, Subsidized, and Private Schools

In the last few years, the World Health Organization has highlighted that physical inactivity is a global issue affecting women to a greater extent than men. Faced with this, different nation states have developed public policies to reduce physical inactivity at school; however, the biomedical and individualistic models used have generated widespread criticism, as figures remain the same. In the context of failed interventions on increasing levels of physical activity, this study utilizes a socioecological model to analyze and understand how physical inactivity is reproduced in girls in the Chilean education system. A qualitative study was implemented, as it allows a focus on the entailed meanings, context, and processes. Active semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 groups comprising headmasters, teachers, non-teachers, students, and families. The results show that physical inactivity is linked to factors that go beyond the individualistic model; that is, consideration must include intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy dimensions. Furthermore, gender stereotypes gain relevance in physical education classes, in addition to friendships and family, teaching, and administrative work, access to safe play areas, use of spaces, and widespread cultural factors associated with men and women. This study concludes that the assessed gender differences should be approached from a pedagogical perspective beyond common sense, further reporting that the individualized explanation for physical inactivity is irrelevant to answer why women are more inactive than men

Obstáculos para ser esportista de alto rendimento no Chile

The massification of sports has made visible the interaction of various dimensions of performance that favor or hinder the development of high-performance athletes. Some of these are the social and cultural context in which athletes live, the influence of public policies on the long-term development of sports careers, the family environment, friends, coaches, as well as nutritional and psychological aspects. This qualitative study seeks to understand from the voice of athletes what are the aspects considered as obstacles to high performance in Chile. The results show that the obstacles are the lack of support, dual career, implementation to train and gender discrimination. It concludes by proposing new horizons for public policies in the framework of supporting athletes who take charge of solving these obstacles.La masificación de los deportes ha hecho visible la interacción de varias dimensiones del rendimiento que favorecen o dificultan el desarrollo de un deportista de alto rendimiento. Algunas de estas dimensiones son el contexto social/cultural en el que viven los deportistas, la influencia de las políticas públicas en el desarrollo a largo plazo de las carreras deportivas, el entorno familiar, de amigos y entrenadores, así como también aspectos nutricionales y psicológicos. Este estudio de tipo cualitativo busca comprender desde la voz de los y las deportistas cuáles son los aspectos considerados como obstaculizadores para el alto rendimiento en Chile. Los resultados demuestran que son obstaculizadores la falta de apoyo, la carrera dual, implementación para entrenar y discriminación de género. Se concluye proponiendo nuevos horizontes para las políticas públicas en el marco del apoyo a deportistas que se hagan cargo de resolver estos obstaculizadores. A massificação do esporte tornou visível a interação de várias dimensões do desempenho que favorecem ou dificultam o desenvolvimento de um atleta de alto rendimento. Algumas delas são o contexto sociocultural em que os atletas vivem, a influência das políticas públicas no desenvolvimento a longo prazo da carreira esportiva, o ambiente familiar, amigos, treinadores, além de aspectos nutricionais e psicológicos. Este estudo qualitativo busca compreender a partir da voz dos atletas quais são os aspectos considerados como obstáculos ao alto rendimento no Chile. Os resultados mostram que os obstáculos são a falta de apoio, dupla carreira, implementação de formação e discriminação de gênero. Conclui propondo novos horizontes para as políticas públicas no âmbito do apoio aos atletas que se encarregam de resolver esses obstáculos

Características demográficas, biológicas y sociales de las personas transgénero en países Iberoamericanos y el caribe, durante los años 2010-2020

Objetivo: Conocer las características demográficas, biológicas y sociales de personas transgénero de países Iberoamericanos y del Caribe, en base a la revisión sistemática de bibliografía publicada entre los años 2010 y 2020. Método: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática con enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo. Búsqueda de publicaciones entre 2010-2020 de Iberoamérica y el Caribe para conocer las características demográficas, biológicas y sociales de las personas transgénero. Bases de datos académicas (EBSCO, PubMed, Lilacs, Google Académico, SciELO y ClinicalKey); Analizando finalmente 434 textos, artículos científicos y publicaciones clínicas. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron que existe escasa información sobre la comunidad trans. En características demográficas se determinó que la necesidad de una transición comienza a temprana edad, existiendo movimientos migratorios marcados en busca de nuevas oportunidades para mejorar su calidad de vida. En el ámbito biológico se identificó que las modificaciones corporales comienzan precozmente mediante acompañamiento médico o no, dependiendo de los procedimientos ofrecidos en cada país, además se evidencia una limitada formación o capacitación en el equipo de salud para la atención integral de estos usuarios. En el ámbito social, los aspectos más importantes para que estas personas tomen decisiones, son el apoyo emocional y redes de apoyo, familia, amigos, compañeros, colegas y comunidad trans. Se demuestran avances y esfuerzos políticos para una transformación social y desarrollo de políticas que abordan la identidad de género, pero que no son suficientes para abarcar las necesidades como individuos cívicos. Conclusiones: Se concluye que, en los países analizados, no todos han presentado el mismo avance, lo cual implica que aún existan brechas que vuelven a las personas trans vulnerables en el ámbito social, psicológico y emocional. Por tanto, se sugiere ampliar la realización de investigaciones y ejecutar protocolos en pro de las personas trans

Properties of genes encoding transfer RNAs as integration sites for genomic islands and prophages in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>

ABSTRACTThe evolution of traits including antibiotic resistance, virulence, and increased fitness in Klebsiella pneumoniae and related species has been linked to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements through horizontal transfer. Among them, genomic islands (GIs) preferentially integrating at genes encoding tRNAs and the tmRNA (t(m)DNAs) would be significant in promoting chromosomal diversity. Here, we studied the whole set of t(m)DNAs present in 66 Klebsiella chromosomes, investigating their usage as integration sites and the properties of the integrated GIs. A total of 5,624 t(m)DNAs were classified based on their sequence conservation, genomic context, and prevalence. 161 different GIs and prophages were found at these sites, hosting 3,540 gene families including various related to virulence and drug resistance. Phylogenetic analyses supported the acquisition of several of these elements through horizontal gene transfer, likely mediated by a highly diverse set of encoded integrases targeting specific t(m)DNAs and sublocations inside them. Only a subset of the t(m)DNAs had integrated GIs and even identical tDNA copies showed dissimilar usage frequencies, suggesting that the genomic context would influence the integration site selection. This usage bias, likely towards avoiding disruption of polycistronic transcriptional units, would be conserved across Gammaproteobacteria. The systematic comparison of the t(m)DNAs across different strains allowed us to discover an unprecedented number of K. pneumoniae GIs and prophages and to raise important questions and clues regarding the fundamental properties of t(m)DNAs as targets for the integration of mobile genetic elements and drivers of bacterial genome evolution and pathogen emergence.</jats:p

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Production of asphalt mixes with copper industry wastes: Use of copper slag as raw material replacement

Fuente: Journal of Environmental Management[EN] Copper slag is a waste obtained from copper production and it has a limited use, being mainly accumulated in landfills on a massive scale. This material presents a high hardness and it has hydrophobic properties, so it can be used as aggregate replacement in the production of asphalt mixtures. However, each size of copper slag behaves differently when used in asphalt mixes, especially under changing conditions of moisture or temperature. Precisely these climatic factors directly affect the service life of asphalt pavements. In this research, semi-dense graded asphalt mixtures were produced with copper slag as replacement of aggregates, varying the particle sizes used in the range from 2.5 to 0.08 mm to determine the size of copper slag with the best performance. Indirect tensile strength tests were used to analyze samples subjected to different moisture and temperature conditions and ageing degrees. The results show that copper slag can be used as aggregate replacement in asphalt mixes when the proper size is selected. The strength of the asphalt mixture increased as the size of the copper slag increased, especially under variable moisture and ageing conditions. Superior behaviour compared to a reference mixture was obtained when replacing the size of aggregate No. 8 with copper slag, increasing its indirect tensile strength and retained strength, reducing its stiffness under all the ageing periods, and being equally effective at the different temperatures, which results in mixtures with improved durability and delayed cracking. Furthermore, it would help to reduce between 15 and 20% of the virgin aggregate needed to produce asphalt mixes and it would also allow reducing the accumulated volume of this waste, decreasing the environmental impact of both industries.CONICYT, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de Chil

Influence of limestone filler on the rheological properties of bituminous mastics through susceptibility master curves

Fuente: Construction and Building Materials[EN] Temperature variations caused by seasonal changes and vehicle loads generate severe damage to asphalt layers. For a correct design, it is essential to carry out an adequate rheological characterization of both bitumen and bituminous mastic, since they are considered the weakest elements of the mixture. This article shows the results of the rheological behavior of mastics made of limestone filler and three types of binders, with a filler-bitumen ratio of 1/1, finding that the filler-bitumen interaction has a significant influence on asphalt mastics. Vehicle loads and climatic temperatures were simulated from MSCR and DSR tests to study the viscoelastic behavior of the bitumen and the mastic. Thus, stiffness, variation of the internal structure, viscosity, thermal susceptibility, permanent deformation, and cracking were determined. The results indicated that the filler causes an increase in the rigidity of the mastic for the whole range of temperatures and load frequencies, but this increase varies depending on the type of bitumen used. There is also no significant change in the phase angle variation between bitumens and mastics. This indicates that the bitumens maintain their internal structure when the filler is added, as well as considerably decreasing the accumulated strain in multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests