Evaluación de una estrategia de simplificación de tratamiento antirretroviral a biterapia con darunavir/ritonavir más lamivudina en pacientes con buen control virológico en triple terapia con darunavir potenciado con ritonavir

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 31-05-201

Monitoramento e estudo de aspectos bioecológicos da broca dos citros, Diploschema rotundicolle (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae), em pomares de limões do sul do Uruguai

The citrus borer, Diploschema rotundicolle, is a South American cerambycid beetle considered a primary citrus pest in Uruguay. Serious focalized population explosions have been registered in recent years, particularly in lemon orchards. The larvae feed on the woody tissue, causing tree deterioration and reducing grove productivity and value. Current management relies on cultural control, which is expensive and ineffective partially because of imprecise timing of interventions. Monitoring tools for adults or information of their flight periods in Uruguay are not available thus far. Working in lemon groves in southern Uruguay throughout four flight seasons (2015-2020), we used cross-vane traps coupled with white light devices to capture night-flying adults, and mesh covers around infested trees to study adult emergence. Visual observation of larval activity and oviposition damage were also performed throughout the year. Finally, Eucalyptus globulus windbreaks were checked underneath loosen barks for hidden adults. Throughout all four seasons, adult flight occurred between late January and early April, with a maximum around mid-February. Emergence from mesh-covered trees was observed in the same period. In general, oviposition damage was observed closely after the peak of adult catches. Mostly females were both trapped in light traps and emerged from infested trees. Larval activity was registered all year long. Adults were found sheltered under E. globulus barks; in this case, mostly individual males or couples were found. This study provides a monitoring tool for D. rotundicolle adult flight and information on bio-ecological aspects of this pest in southern Uruguay.El taladro de los cítricos, Diploschema rotundicolle, es un cerambícido sudamericano considerado plaga primaria de los cítricos en Uruguay. Se observan explosiones poblacionales focalizadas, particularmente en cultivo de limón. Las larvas se alimentan de la madera, causando un deterioro en los árboles que impacta en la productividad y el valor de las quintas. El manejo recae en el control cultural, que es costoso e ineficiente parcialmente por la realización fuera de tiempo de las intervenciones. No existen herramientas de monitoreo de adultos, que tienen hábitos nocturnos, ni información sobre su período de vuelo en Uruguay. Trabajando en quintas de limón en el sur de Uruguay durante cuatro temporadas (2015-2020), relevamos el vuelo de adultos en trampas de panel cruzado acopladas a luz blanca, y registramos emergencia de adultos mediante enmallado de árboles. Asimismo, se registró la actividad larval a lo largo del año y el daño de oviposición. Finalmente, se revisaron cortezas de cortinas de Eucalyptus globulus como refugio de adultos. En todas las temporadas, el vuelo y la emergencia de adultos sucedieron entre enero y abril, con un máximo a mediados de febrero. En general, el daño de oviposición se observó inmediatamente después del pico de mayores capturas. Se capturaron mayormente hembras en las trampas de luz y mallas. Se registró actividad larval durante todo el año. Se encontraron adultos refugiados bajo las cortezas de E. globulus; en este caso, mayormente machos aislados o parejas hembra-macho. Este trabajo provee una herramienta de monitoreo para el vuelo de adultos y aporta conocimiento sobre aspectos bio-ecológicos de D. rotundicolle en Uruguay.A broca dos citros, Diploschema rotundicolle, é um cerambicídeo sul-americano, considerado a principal praga dos citros no Uruguai. São observadas explosões populacionais, particularmente no cultivo de limão. Os adultos são noturnos e as larvas se alimentam da madeira, causando uma deterioração nas árvores que impacta a produtividade e o valor patrimonial das quintas. A gestão depende do controle cultural, que é caro e ineficiente, em parte devido aos tempos de intervenção inadequados. No Uruguai, não existem ferramentas de monitoramento dos insetos adultos, nem informações sobre seu período de voo. Durante 4 temporadas (2015-2020), usamos armadilhas de painel cruzado acopladas a luz branca e malhas envolvendo árvores infestados, para estudar a emergência de adultos em limoeiros no sul do Uruguai. A atividade larval ao longo do ano e os danos à oviposição foram registrados. A casca dos arvores de Eucalyptus globulus que rodeiam os quadros foi revisada como refúgio para adultos. Em todas as estações, o voo e a emergência nas malhas ocorreram entre janeiro e abril, com máximo em meados de fevereiro. Em geral, o dano de oviposição foi observado imediatamente após o pico das maiores capturas. As fêmeas foram capturadas principalmente em armadilhas de luz e malha. A atividade larval foi registrada ao longo do ano. Adultos refugiados foram encontrados sob a casca de E. globulus; neste caso, principalmente machos isolados ou em pares fêmea-macho. Este trabalho fornece uma ferramenta de monitoramento do voo de adultos e fornece conhecimento sobre aspectos bioecológicos de D. rotundicolle

Del femicidio al feminicidio

Un libro puede cambiar la vida; un concepto, una categoría, una mirada, una visión nos permiten avanzar muchísimo. En la incursión feminista en el legislativo en México, resultó muy importante pasar de pensar en femicidio a pensar en feminicidio,a pesar

Fashion and its influence in cultural adolescent identity

Este artículo trata sobre cómo la identidad de los adolescentes se conforma a través de la moda y la cultura visual. Para ello se han analizado los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia en la que han participado treinta jóvenes de distintos institutos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato de la provincia de Granada, durante el periodo 2015-2018. Se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa, para un análisis social, haciendo uso de encuestas, creación de imágenes y narraciones personales, partiendo de una base teórica de historia, psicosociología y marketing de moda. Las conclusiones extraídas, que han tratado de contestar a los objetivos planteados al inicio del proyecto, permiten, por una parte, desarrollar herramientas educativas que ayudan a los adolescentes a responder cuestiones personales a través de su identidad y, por otra, aportan experiencia para futuros estudios introduciendo nuevas temáticas de investigación con gran potencial y posibilidades para el futuro.This paper describes how the identity of adolescents is formed through Fashion and Visual Culture. We have analysed the results obtained in an experience in which thirty young people participated from different High Schools of Secondary Education and Baccalaureate of the province of Granada, during the period 2015 – 2018. We have used a Qualitative Methodology, in order to apply a Social Analysis that has been carried out using surveys, the production of images and personal narratives. Fashion History, Psychosociology and Marketing have been used as a theoretical background. The conclusions obtained, could try to answer to the initial objectives that we had at the beginning of the project, allowing us, on one hand, to develop educational tools that help adolescents to answer personal questions about their identity, and, on the other hand, to help to build an experience for future studies, introducing new researching topics with a great potential and possibilities for the future

Una alternativa de optimización del sistema de tratamiento de efluentes de una curtiembre en Salta, Argentina

El tratamiento anaeróbico de aguas residuales con reactores anaeróbicos de flujo ascendente y manto de lodos o reactores UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) es una opción disponible para las industrias que generan efluentes de alta carga orgánica como las curtiembres. En el presente trabajo se plantea la propuesta de incorporar un reactor UASB, como pretratamiento de los efluentes, al sistema aeróbico actualmente instalado en una curtiembre localizada en Rosario de Lerma, en la provincia de Salta. Se analizan las posibilidades de implementación de la modificación propuesta y se discuten los beneficios que brindaría al sistema de tratamiento.The use of UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactors is now a feasible alternative for the treatment of organic wastewater produced in industries such as tanneries. In this article, we discuss the technical feasibility of the incorporation of a UASB reactor as a pre-treatment step intended to remove part of the organic matter present in tannery wastewater. We analyze this proposal for a medium-scale tannery located in Rosario de Lerma, Salta (Argentina). The effluent of the UASB reactor can be further treated in the currently operating activated sludge treatment plant. A discussion of advantages and disadvantages of such modification is provided.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Blood Bacterial Profiles Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Immune Recovery

[EN] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impairs mucosal immunity and leads to bacterial translocation, fueling chronic inflammation and disease progression. While this is well established, questions remain about the compositional profile of the translocated bacteria, and to what extent it is influenced by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using 16S ribosomal DNA targeted sequencing and shotgun proteomics, we showed that HIV increases bacterial translocation from the gut to the blood. HIV increased alpha diversity in the blood, which was dominated by aerobic bacteria belonging to Micrococcaceae (Actinobacteria) and Pseudomonadaceae (Proteobacteria) families, and the number of circulating bacterial proteins was also increased. Forty-eight weeks of ART attenuated this phenomenon. We found that enrichment with Lactobacillales order, and depletion of Actinobacteria class and Moraxellaceae and Corynebacteriacae families, were significantly associated with greater immune recovery and correlated with several inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest that the molecular cross talk between the host and the translocated bacterial products could influence ART-mediated immune recovery.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Plan Estatal de I+D+i 2013–2016, projects PI15/00345 and PI18/00154); the Fundación Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer within the European Research Era-NET aligning national/regional translational cancer research programs and activities program (grant AC17/00019) and cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund; and Plan Estatal de I+D+i 2013–2016 (grant PT17/0019 to the Proteomics Facility of the Spanish National Center for BIotechnology)

Different HCV Exposure Drives Specific miRNA Profile in PBMCs of HIV Patients

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are essential players in HIV and HCV infections, as both viruses modulate cellular miRNAs and interact with the miRNA-mediated host response. We aim to analyze the miRNA profile of HIV patients with different exposure to HCV to explore specific signatures in the miRNA profile of PBMCs for each type of infection. We massively sequenced small RNAs of PBMCs from 117 HIV+ infected patients: 45 HIV+ patients chronically infected with HCV (HIV/HCV+), 36 HIV+ that spontaneously clarified HCV after acute infection (HIV/HCV-) and 36 HIV+ patients without previous HCV infection (HIV). Thirty-two healthy patients were used as healthy controls (HC). Differential expression analysis showed significantly differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs in HIV/HCV+ (n = 153), HIV/HCV- (n = 169) and HIV (n = 153) patients. We found putative dysregulated pathways, such as infectious-related and PI3K signaling pathways, common in all contrasts. Specifically, putatively targeted genes involved in antifolate resistance (HIV/HV+), cancer-related pathways (HIV/HCV-) and HIF-signaling (HIV) were identified, among others. Our findings revealed that HCV strongly influences the expression profile of PBMCs from HIV patients through the disruption of its miRNome. Thus, different HCV exposure can be identified by specific miRNA signatures in PBMCs.This work has been supported by grants from Institute of Health Carlos III, [PI15CIII/00031 and PI18CIII/00020/ to AFR and VB] and the Foundation Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio-Santander [grant number 1.010.932 to AFR] and the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RD16CIII/0002/0002), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CB21/13/00044). AFR is supported by the Miguel Servet programme from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII) [CP14/CIII/00010 and CPII20CIII/0001].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Empoderamiento y feminismo comunitario en la conservación del maíz en México

Articulo científico para revista indizada.El objetivo es analizar, desde una perspectiva basada en el feminismo comunitario, el proceso de empoderamiento de las mujeres que conforman un grupo de ocho integrantes matlatzincas de la comunidad de San Francisco Oxtotilpan, México, a través de prácticas productivas, alimentarias y culturales en torno al maíz nativo. Los datos fueron recogidos durante 2014 y 2015 con técnicas etnográficas que incluyen: observación participante, historias de vida, grupos focales, entrevistas semiestructuradas y a profundidad. Son mujeres que muestran cinco dimensiones de poder (social, corporal, material, simbólico y cognitivo) que repercuten en la preservación del maíz nativo, al generar la masa crítica necesaria para incorporar a otras mujeres en acciones favorables para la soberanía alimentaria

HCV-coinfection is related to an increased HIV-1 reservoir size in cART-treated HIV patients: a cross-sectional study

In HIV-1/HCV-coinfected patients, chronic HCV infection leads to an increased T-lymphocyte immune activation compared to HIV-monoinfected patients, thereby likely contributing to increase HIV-1 reservoir that is the major barrier for its eradication. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of HCV coinfection in HIV-1 viral reservoir size in resting (r) CD4+ T-cells (CD25-CD69-HLADR-). Multicenter cross-sectional study of 97 cART-treated HIV-1 patients, including 36 patients with HIV and HCV-chronic co-infection without anti-HCV treatment, 32 HIV patients with HCV spontaneous clearance and 29 HIV-monoinfected patients. rCD4+ T-cells were isolated and total DNA was extracted. HIV viral reservoir was measured by Alu-LTR qPCR. Differences between groups were calculated with a generalized linear model. Overall, 63.9% were men, median age of 41 years and Caucasian. Median CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were 725 and 858 cells/mm 3 , respectively. CD4+ T nadir cells was 305 cells/mm 3 . Proviral HIV-1 DNA size was significantly increased in chronic HIV/HCV-coinfected compared to HIV-monoinfected patients (206.21 ± 47.38 vs. 87.34 ± 22.46, respectively; P = 0.009), as well as in spontaneously clarified HCV co-infected patients when compared to HIV-monoinfected individuals (136.20 ± 33.20; P = 0.009). HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients showed a larger HIV-1 reservoir size in comparison to HIV-monoinfected individuals. This increase could lead to a greater complexity in the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir in HIV-1/HCV-coinfected individuals, which should be considered in the current strategies for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir.Financial support was provided by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III to VB (PI15CIII/00031), by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to MC (SAF2016–78480-R) and The SPANISH AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001, RD16CIII/0002/0002 and RD16/0025/0013 - ISCIII – FEDER. MRLP is supported by ISCIII - Subdirección General de Evaluacion and European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER) (PIE 13/00040 and RD12/0017/0017 RETIC de SIDA). C.P. is supported by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (grant number SFRH/ BPD/77448/2011 is part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union). V.B., A.F.R. and N.R. are supported by the Miguel Servet programme from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII) (grant number CP13/00098, CP14/CIII/00010 and CP14/00198, respectively)

Systematic assessment of long-read RNA-seq methods for transcript identification and quantification

The Long-read RNA-Seq Genome Annotation Assessment Project (LRGASP) Consortium was formed to evaluate the effectiveness of long-read approaches for transcriptome analysis. The consortium generated over 427 million long-read sequences from cDNA and direct RNA datasets, encompassing human, mouse, and manatee species, using different protocols and sequencing platforms. These data were utilized by developers to address challenges in transcript isoform detection and quantification, as well as de novo transcript isoform identification. The study revealed that libraries with longer, more accurate sequences produce more accurate transcripts than those with increased read depth, whereas greater read depth improved quantification accuracy. In well-annotated genomes, tools based on reference sequences demonstrated the best performance. When aiming to detect rare and novel transcripts or when using reference-free approaches, incorporating additional orthogonal data and replicate samples are advised. This collaborative study offers a benchmark for current practices and provides direction for future method development in transcriptome analysis