13,292 research outputs found
On Large-Scale Graph Generation with Validation of Diverse Triangle Statistics at Edges and Vertices
Researchers developing implementations of distributed graph analytic
algorithms require graph generators that yield graphs sharing the challenging
characteristics of real-world graphs (small-world, scale-free, heavy-tailed
degree distribution) with efficiently calculable ground-truth solutions to the
desired output. Reproducibility for current generators used in benchmarking are
somewhat lacking in this respect due to their randomness: the output of a
desired graph analytic can only be compared to expected values and not exact
ground truth. Nonstochastic Kronecker product graphs meet these design criteria
for several graph analytics. Here we show that many flavors of triangle
participation can be cheaply calculated while generating a Kronecker product
graph. Given two medium-sized scale-free graphs with adjacency matrices and
, their Kronecker product graph has adjacency matrix . Such
graphs are highly compressible: edges are represented in memory and can be built in a distributed setting from
small data structures, making them easy to share in compressed form. Many
interesting graph calculations have worst-case complexity bounds and often these are reduced to
for Kronecker product graphs, when a Kronecker formula can be derived yielding
the sought calculation on in terms of related calculations on and .
We focus on deriving formulas for triangle participation at vertices, , a vector storing the number of triangles that every vertex is involved
in, and triangle participation at edges, , a sparse matrix storing
the number of triangles at every edge.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, IEEE IPDPS Graph Algorithms Building Block
An Ensemble Framework for Detecting Community Changes in Dynamic Networks
Dynamic networks, especially those representing social networks, undergo
constant evolution of their community structure over time. Nodes can migrate
between different communities, communities can split into multiple new
communities, communities can merge together, etc. In order to represent dynamic
networks with evolving communities it is essential to use a dynamic model
rather than a static one. Here we use a dynamic stochastic block model where
the underlying block model is different at different times. In order to
represent the structural changes expressed by this dynamic model the network
will be split into discrete time segments and a clustering algorithm will
assign block memberships for each segment. In this paper we show that using an
ensemble of clustering assignments accommodates for the variance in scalable
clustering algorithms and produces superior results in terms of
pairwise-precision and pairwise-recall. We also demonstrate that the dynamic
clustering produced by the ensemble can be visualized as a flowchart which
encapsulates the community evolution succinctly.Comment: 6 pages, under submission to HPEC Graph Challeng
Substance use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology on behavioral outcomes among juvenile justice youth
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Substance use behaviors have been identified as a risk factor that places juveniles at greater risk for engaging in delinquent behaviors and continual contact with the juvenile justice system. Currently, there is lack of research that explores comorbid factors associated with substance use, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, that could help identify youth who are at greatest risk. The aim of the present study was to examine if PTSD symptomology moderated the relationship between substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms and externalizing behaviors and commission of a violent crime; hypothesizing that risk would be heightened among youth with elevated SUD and PTSD symptomology compared to those with elevated SUD symptoms but lower PTSD symptoms.
METHOD:
The study included 194 predominantly male (78.4%), non-White (74.2%) juvenile justice youth between the ages of 9-18 (M = 15.36). Youth provided responses to assess PTSD symptoms, SUD symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Commission of a violent crime was based on parole officer report.
RESULTS:
Findings indicated that SUD symptomology was associated with greater externalizing behaviors at high levels of PTSD symptomology. At low levels of PTSD symptomology, SUD symptoms were inversely associated with externalizing behaviors. An interactive relationship was not observed for commission of violent crimes.
CONCLUSIONS:
Findings suggest that the association between SUD symptoms and externalizing behaviors among juvenile offenders may be best explained by the presence of PTSD symptomology.
SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE:
Addressing PTSD rather than SUD symptoms may be a better target for reducing risk for externalizing behaviors among this population of youth (Am J Addict 2019;28:29-35)
Common Hypercyclic Vectors for the Conjugate Class of a Hypercyclic Operator
Given a separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space, it was recently shown by the authors that there is a path of chaotic operators, which is dense in the operator algebra with the strong operator topology, and along which every operator has the exact same dense Gδ set of hypercyclic vectors. In the present work, we show that the conjugate set of any hypercyclic operator on a separable, infinite dimensional Banach space always contains a path of operators which is dense with the strong operator topology, and yet the set of common hypercyclic vectors for the entire path is a dense Gδ set. As a corollary, the hypercyclic operators on such a Banach space form a connected subset of the operator algebra with the strong operator topology
A Robust AFPTAS for Online Bin Packing with Polynomial Migration
In this paper we develop general LP and ILP techniques to find an approximate
solution with improved objective value close to an existing solution. The task
of improving an approximate solution is closely related to a classical theorem
of Cook et al. in the sensitivity analysis for LPs and ILPs. This result is
often applied in designing robust algorithms for online problems. We apply our
new techniques to the online bin packing problem, where it is allowed to
reassign a certain number of items, measured by the migration factor. The
migration factor is defined by the total size of reassigned items divided by
the size of the arriving item. We obtain a robust asymptotic fully polynomial
time approximation scheme (AFPTAS) for the online bin packing problem with
migration factor bounded by a polynomial in . This answers
an open question stated by Epstein and Levin in the affirmative. As a byproduct
we prove an approximate variant of the sensitivity theorem by Cook at el. for
linear programs
A z=1.82 Analog of Local Ultra-massive Elliptical Galaxies
We present observations of a very massive galaxy at z=1.82 which show that
its morphology, size, velocity dispersion and stellar population properties
that are fully consistent with those expected for passively evolving
progenitors of today's giant ellipticals. These findings are based on a deep
optical rest-frame spectrum obtained with the Multi-Object InfraRed Camera and
Spectrograph (MOIRCS) on the Subaru telescope of a high-z passive galaxy
candidate (pBzK) from the COSMOS field, for which we accurately measure its
redshift of z=1.8230 and obtain an upper limit on its velocity dispersion
sigma_star<326 km/s. By detailed stellar population modeling of both the galaxy
broad-band SED and the rest-frame optical spectrum we derive a
star-formation-weighted age and formation redshift of t_sf~1-2 Gyr and
z_form~2.5-4, and a stellar mass of M_star~(3-4)x10^{11} M_sun. This is in
agreement with a virial mass limit of M_vir<7x10^{11}M_sun, derived from the
measured sigma_star value and stellar half-light radius, as well as with the
dynamical mass limit based on the Jeans equations. In contrast with previously
reported super-dense passive galaxies at z~2, the present galaxy at z=1.82
appears to have both size and velocity dispersion similar to early-type
galaxies in the local Universe with similar stellar mass. This suggests that
z~2 massive and passive galaxies may exhibit a wide range of properties, then
possibly following quite different evolutionary histories from z~2 to z=0.Comment: ApJ Letters in press; 9 pages; 4 figures; 1 table; emulateapj.cl
A nonlocal Poisson bracket of the sine-Gordon model
It is well known that the classical string on a two-sphere is more or less
equivalent to the sine-Gordon model. We consider the nonabelian dual of the
classical string on a two-sphere. We show that there is a projection map from
the phase space of this model to the phase space of the sine-Gordon model. The
corresponding Poisson structure of the sine-Gordon model is nonlocal with one
integration.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, v2,3: added Section 4 and reference
A review of parental engagement in parenting interventions and strategies to promote it
Despite the importance of increasing engagement and minimising attrition and drop-out in parenting interventions, there is a paucity of empirical evidence examining factors related to engagement and participation. The range of factors examined in relation to engagement is generally limited in scope and variety, focusing on variables of convenience rather than utilising a theoretically-driven approach.The aim of this article is to review the factors related to parental engagement with interventions and to describe strategies and implications for improving engagement with parenting interventions. Several policy and practice implications are identified: (1) Poor parental engagement may threaten or compromise the capacity of parenting programmes to deliver valued outcomes. Viable engagement strategies need to be a core part of prevention and early intervention parenting programmes; (2) Agencies delivering parenting services need a proactive engagement strategy, which includes strategies to prevent drop-out, as well as strategies to actively respond to parental disengagement; (3) Research is needed to test the efficacy and robustness of different engagement enhancement strategies. Empirical tests are needed to test the effectiveness of different engagement strategies in order to ensure that the most efficient, cost-effective and efficacious approach is used in order to engage parents. Investment of research effort to improve parental engagement is likely to have a high yield in terms of programme efficiency, utility and cost effectiveness. We conclude that research examining how to improve engagement and decrease non-completion is needed to strengthen the population level value of parenting programmes as preventive interventions
(Un)Becoming Queer/(Un)Becoming LGBTIC
This article is one result of an ongoing dialogue among a number of members of the LGBTIC/Queer Caucus. The dialogue has taken place primarily through a torrent of e-mails, but also through a number of emotionally charged telephone calls. It began as a friendly, (perhaps naively) simple idea -to turn members\u27 viewpoints about changing the name of our caucus, from Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Issues Caucus to Queer Issues Caucus into an article. What began with good will and a fervent hope for understanding, at times turned into vitriol and contention -volleys of world views, personal identities, and philosophies. Although tempers flared occasionally, we feel each of us came to better understandings of the others\u27 points of view. Editors Debbie and Kim have attempted to distill a bubbling pot of various points of view into an imaginary roundtable dialogue: respecting all stances, without silencing anyone, without hurting anyone\u27s feelings, and without privileging anyone viewpoint. All actors in this drama are named above and identified in the text by their initials. We apologize in advance
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