Valoración del acogimiento residencial en centros de protección de menores: La vivencia de los jóvenes y sus familias

This investigation seeks to know the level of social integration and the valuation about its experience of minor residential acogimiento that you/they were in resources of protection of the Community of Madrid. The study sample is constituted by 350 cases that were more than two internal years and that they went out with 16 years or more than the protection system between 1994 and 1998.Esta investigación pretende conocer el nivel de integración social y la valoración sobre su experiencia de acogimiento residencial de menores que estuvieron en recursos de protección de la Comunidad de Madrid. La muestra de estudio está constituida por 350 casos que estuvieron más de dos años internos y que salieron con 16 años o más del sistema de protección entre 1994 y 1998

Effect of mild oxidation on the surface chemistry of bituminous coals under different humidity conditions

The influence of humidity conditions on the oxidation of four coals has been studied on the basis of their surface chemistry. A systematic study was carried out in which four coals of different rank were oxidised at 50 °C in two conditions of humidity (20 and 90% moisture levels) and in an air atmosphere. The changes in the surface functional groups were measured by means of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The lowest rank coals were the most affected by oxidation in all the humidity conditions applied. In the case of the higher rank coals, higher moisture levels promoted the oxidation process. The number of oxygen-containing structures increased after oxidation, the most abundant being the carbonyl and carboxyl groups

Properties and performance of mesoporous activated carbons from scrap tyres, bituminous wastes and coal

Tyre wastes and their blends with coal and a bituminous waste material obtained from the benzol distillation column of a by-product section of a coking plant were employed as a precursor for the production of activated carbons (ACs). Pyrolysis up to 850 °C followed by physical activation with CO2 produced mesoporous carbons with different pore size distributions and surface areas. The surface chemistry of the samples was studied by measuring the point of zero charge (pHpzc) and by temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The activated carbons obtained contained higher amounts of basic functional groups. Their textural and surface chemistry characteristics make them highly suitable for adsorbing anionic dyes of large molecular size, such as Congo red. The adsorption kinetics was found to conform closely to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. To determine the adsorption mechanism, the kinetic data were also analyzed using the Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model and the Boyd model to distinguish between the pore and film diffusion steps. The equilibrium isotherms were of the Langmuir isotherm type. The efficiency of the low-cost ACs prepared for the removal of Congo red dye was similar to that reported in the literature for coal-based ACs and greater than that of other low-cost ACs

The effects of low-calorie sweeteners on energy intake and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analyses of sustained intervention studies.

Previous meta-analyses of intervention studies have come to different conclusions about effects of consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) on body weight. The present review included 60 articles reporting 88 parallel-groups and cross-over studies ≥1 week in duration that reported either body weight (BW), BMI and/or energy intake (EI) outcomes. Studies were analysed according to whether they compared (1) LCS with sugar, (2) LCS with water or nothing, or (3) LCS capsules with placebo capsules. Results showed an effect in favour of LCS vs sugar for BW (29 parallel-groups studies, 2267 participants: BW change, -1.06 kg, 95% CI -1.50 to -0.62, I2 = 51%), BMI and EI. Effect on BW change increased with 'dose' of sugar replaced by LCS, whereas there were no differences in study outcome as a function of duration of the intervention or participant blinding. Overall, results showed no difference in effects of LCS vs water/nothing for BW (11 parallel-groups studies, 1068 participants: BW change, 0.10 kg, 95% CI -0.87 to 1.07, I2 = 82%), BMI and EI; and inconsistent effects for LCS consumed in capsules (BW change: -0.28 kg, 95% CI -0.80 to 0.25, I2 = 0%; BMI change: 0.20 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.36, I2 = 0%). Occurrence of adverse events was not affected by the consumption of LCS. The studies available did not permit robust analysis of effects by LCS type. In summary, outcomes were not clearly affected when the treatments differed in sweetness, nor when LCS were consumed in capsules without tasting; however, when treatments differed in energy value (LCS vs sugar), there were consistent effects in favour of LCS. The evidence from human intervention studies supports the use of LCS in weight management, constrained primarily by the amount of added sugar that LCS can displace in the diet

Menores protegidos de la Comunidad de Madrid: Cómo están y cómo valoran ellos y sus familiares la experiencia de acogimiento residencial

La presente investigación pretende conocer la situación en la que se encuentra actualmente el grupo de menores que estuvo en residencias de protección de la Comunidad de Madrid en régimen de guarda o tutela, entre los años 1994/98, así como su opinión y la de sus familiares sobre dicha experiencia residencia