Dinamização do desenvolvimento agro-florestal e rural dos baldios da Serra da Gardunha

O concelho do Fundão é fortemente marcado pela da Serra Gardunha. A sua importância regional a nível climático e hídrico é notória e o património natural e histórico que encerra, bem como o valor das actividades económicas que se desenvolvem nas suas encostas, particularmente as agro-florestais, fazem desta formação montanhosa um dos recursos concelhios da maior importância. O território da Serra inclui terrenos de titularidade, vocação e aproveitamentos diversos. Mantendo alguns dos usos uma certa vitalidade que infelizmente não se reflecte a nível demográfico. Os distintos aproveitamentos que actualmente se fazem da serra não estão articulados nem submetidos a nenhum sistema integrado de gestão territorial, pelo que se torna urgente promover a articulação dos modelos de gestão de usos existentes com as necessidades suscitadas pelos usos emergentes deste território. Uma das vias a privilegiar será a implantação de processos de gestão do território que incluam, se necessário, a criação de uma estrutura institucional integradora, que permita atingir múltiplos objectivos de produção de bens e serviços e de desenvolvimento local, com base na participação e expectativas dos agentes e populações envolvidas. No âmbito da Acção 8 – Dinamização do Desenvolvimento Agro-florestal e Rural, inserida na Medida AGRIS, a Câmara Municipal do Fundão, a Direcção Regional de Agricultura da Beira Interior e a Escola Superior Agrária de Castelo Branco constituíram uma parceria, no sentido de unirem esforços para o desenvolvimento do projecto “Dinamização da Gestão dos Baldios da Serra da Gardunha”.AGRIS n.º 2004400029098 / Acção 8 – Dinamização do Desenvolvimento Agro-Florestal e Rural dos Baldios da Serra da Gardunh

Permeability, Roughness And Topography Of Enamel After Bleaching: Tracking Channels Of Penetration With Silver Nitrate

Aim: This study evaluated the surface roughness, topography and permeability of bovine enamel by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with and without silver nitrate solution, after exposure to different bleaching agents. Methods: Fifty-two enamel samples were randomly divided into four groups (n=13): CP16% -16% carbamide peroxide - Whiteness Perfect; HP6% - 6% hydrogen peroxide - White Class; HP35% - 35% hydrogen peroxide Whiteness HP Maxx; and Control - not bleached and kept in artificial saliva. For roughness analysis, average surface roughness (Ra) and flatness coefficient (Rku) parameters were used. The topography and permeability were examined by SEM. For permeability evaluation, the samples were immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution and analyzed using a backscattered electron and secondary electron mode. Results: For the roughness (Ra) evaluation, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used, showing an increase on the surface roughness in all bleached groups. The Rku parameter suggested changes on enamel integrity. The SEM micrographs indicated changes on enamel topography and different levels of silver nitrate penetration in the samples of the bleached groups. In the overall analysis, the bleaching agents promoted surface changes and higher silver nitrate penetration when compared to the control group. Conclusions: It may be concluded that different bleaching agents might alter the topography and roughness of enamel surface. Moreover, the higher infiltration of silver nitrate suggests an easier penetration path for the oxygen molecules into the dentin substrate.10116Nathoo, S.A., The chemistry and mechanisms of extrinsic and intrinsic discoloration (1997) J Am Dent Assoc, 128 (SUPPL.), pp. 6S-10SMcEvoy, S.A., Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth. II. Current techniques and their clinical application (1989) Quintessence Int, 20, pp. 379-384Ben-Amar, A., Liberman, R., Gorfil, C., Bernstein, Y., Effect of mouthguard bleaching on enamel surface (1995) Am J Dent, 8, pp. 29-32Lynch, E., Sheerin, A., Samarawickrama, D.Y., Atherton, M.A., Claxson, A.W., Hawkes, J., Molecular mechanisms of the bleaching actions associated with commercially-available whitening oral health care products (1995) J Ir Dent Assoc, 41, pp. 94-102Bowles, W.H., Ugwuneri, Z., Pulp chamber penetration by hydrogen peroxide following vital bleaching procedures (1987) J Endod, 13, pp. 375-377Sun, G., The role of lasers in cosmetic dentistry (2000) Dent Clin North Am, 44, pp. 831-850Hegedus, C., Bistey, T., Flora-Nagy, E., Keszthelyi, G., Jenei, A., An atomic force microscopy study on the effect of bleaching agents on enamel surface (1999) J Dent, 27, pp. 509-515Park, H.J., Kwon, T.Y., Nam, S.H., Kim, H.J., Kim, K.H., Kim, Y.J., Changes in bovine enamel after treatment with a 30% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent (2004) Dent Mater J, 23, pp. 517-521Iwamoto, N., Shimada, Y., Tagami, J., Penetration of silver nitrate into bleached enamel, dentin, and cementum (2007) Quintessence Int, 38, pp. e183-e188Cavalli, V., Arrais, C.A., Giannini, M., Ambrosano, G.M., High-concentrated carbamide peroxide bleaching agents effects on enamel surface (2004) J Oral Rehabil, 31, pp. 155-159Hosoya, N., Honda, K., Iino, F., Arai, T., Changes in enamel surface roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel after vital bleaching (2003) J Dent, 31, pp. 543-548Josey, A.L., Meyers, I.A., Romaniuk, K., Symons, A.L., The effect of a vital bleaching technique on enamel surface morphology and the bonding of composite resin to enamel (1996) J Oral Rehabil, 23, pp. 244-250Lee, C.Q., Cobb, C.M., Zargartalebi, F., Hu, N., Effect of bleaching on microhardness, morphology, and color of enamel (1995) Gen Dent, 43, pp. 158-160McGuckin, R.S., Babin, J.F., Meyer, B.J., Alterations in human enamel surface morphology following vital bleaching (1992) J Prosthet Dent, 68, pp. 754-760Pinto, C.F., Oliveira, R., Cavalli, V., Giannini, M., Peroxide bleaching agent effects on enamel surface microhardness, roughness and morphology (2004) Braz Oral Res, 18, pp. 306-311Shannon, H., Spencer, P., Gross, K., Tira, D., Characterization of enamel exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents (1993) Quintessence Int, 24, pp. 39-44Zalkind, M., Arwaz, J.R., Goldman, A., Rotstein, I., Surface morphology changes in human enamel, dentin and cementum following bleaching: a scanning electron microscopy study (1996) Endod Dent Traumatol, 12, pp. 82-88Ernst, C.P., Marroquin, B.B., Willershausen-Zonnchen, B., Effects of hydrogen peroxide-containing bleaching agents on the morphology of human enamel (1996) Quintessence Int, 27, pp. 53-56Gultz, J., Kaim, J., Scherer, W., Gupta, H., Two in-office bleaching systems: a scanning electron microscope study (1999) Compend Contin Educ Dent, 20, pp. 965-968. , 70quiz 72Haywood, V.B., Heymann, H.O., Nightguard vital bleaching: how safe is it? (1991) Quintessence Int, 22, pp. 515-523Haywood, V.B., Leech, T., Heymann, H.O., Crumpler, D., Bruggers, K., Nightguard vital bleaching: effects on enamel surface texture and diffusion (1990) Quintessence Int, 21, pp. 801-804Oltu, U., Gurgan, S., Effects of three concentrations of carbamide peroxide on the structure of enamel (2000) J Oral Rehabil, 27, pp. 332-340Spalding, M., Taveira, L.A., de Assis, G.F., Scanning electron microscopy study of dental enamel surface exposed to 35% hydrogen peroxide: alone, with saliva, and with 10% carbamide peroxide (2003) J Esthet Restor Dent, 15, pp. 154-165Sulieman, M., Addy, M., Macdonald, E., Rees, J.S., A safety study in vitro for the effects of an in-office bleaching system on the integrity of enamel and dentine (2004) J Dent, 32, pp. 581-590Tong, L.S., Pang, M.K., Mok, N.Y., King, N.M., Wei, S.H., The effects of etching, micro-abrasion, and bleaching on surface enamel (1993) J Dent Res, 72, pp. 67-71Bagheri, R., Tyas, M.J., Burrow, M.F., Subsurface degradation of resin-based composites (2007) Dent Mater, 23, pp. 944-951Reis, A., Grande, R.H., Oliveira, G.M., Lopes, G.C., Loguercio, A.D., A 2-year evaluation of moisture on microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage (2007) Dent Mater, 23, pp. 862-870Ritter, A.V., Ghaname, E., Leonard, R.H., The influence of dental unit waterline cleaners on composite-to-dentin bond strengths (2007) J Am Dent Assoc, 138, pp. 985-991. , quiz 1022-3Sano, H., Shono, T., Takatsu, T., Hosoda, H., Microporous dentin zone beneath resin-impregnated layer (1994) Oper Dent, 19, pp. 59-64Nanci, A., (2007) Ten Cate's oral histology: development, structure, and function, , 7th ed. 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Tin determination in fistula seals from Conimbriga and Augusta Emerita

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Overall Picture Of Expressed Heat Shock Factors In Glycine Max, Lotus Japonicusand Medicago Truncatula

Heat shock (HS) leads to the activation of molecular mechanisms, known as HS-response, that prevent damage and enhance survival under stress. Plants have a flexible and specialized network of Heat Shock Factors (HSFs), which are transcription factors that induce the expression of heat shock proteins. The present work aimed to identify and characterize the Glycine maxHSF repertory in the Soybean Genome Project (GENOSOJA platform), comparing them with other legumes (Medicago truncatulaand Lotus japonicus) in view of current knowledge of Arabidopsis thaliana. The HSF characterization in leguminous plants led to the identification of 25, 19 and 21 candidate ESTs in soybean, Lotusand Medicago, respectively. A search in the SuperSAGE libraries revealed 68 tags distributed in seven HSF gene types. From the total number of obtained tags, more than 70% were related to root tissues (water deficit stress libraries vs.controls), indicating their role in abiotic stress responses, since the root is the first tissue to sense and respond to abiotic stress. Moreover, as heat stress is related to the pressure of dryness, a higher HSF expression was expected at the water deficit libraries. On the other hand, expressive HSF candidates were obtained from the library inoculated with Asian Soybean Rust, inferring crosstalk among genes associated with abiotic and biotic stresses. Evolutionary relationships among sequences were consistent with different HSF classes and subclasses. Expression profiling indicated that regulation of specific genes is associated with the stage of plant development and also with stimuli from other abiotic stresses pointing to the maintenance of HSF expression at a basal level in soybean, favoring its activation under heat-stress conditions. © 2012, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética.35SUPPL.1247259Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., Lipman, D.J., Basic local alignment search tool (1990) J Mol Biol, 215, pp. 403-410Baniwal, S.K., Chan, K.Y., Scharf, K.-D., Nover, L., Role of heat stress transcription factor HsfA5 as specific repressor of HsfA4* (2007) J Biol Chem, 282, pp. 3605-3613Bharti, K., Schimidt, E., Lyck, R., Bublak, D., Scharf, K.-D., Isolation and characterization of HsfA3, a new heat stress transcription factor of Lycopersicon peruvianum (2000) Plant J, 22, pp. 355-365Bharti, K., von Koskull-Döring, P., Bharti, S., Kumar, P., Tintschl-Körbitzer, A., Treuter, E., Nover, L., Tomato heat stress transcription factor HsfB1 represents a novel type of general transcription coactivator with a histone-like motif interacting with HAC1/CBP (2004) Plant Cell, 16, pp. 1521-1535Efeoglu, B., Heat shock proteins and heat shock response in plants (2009) G U J Sci, 22, pp. 67-75Eisen, M.B., Spellman, P.T., Brown, P.O., Botstein, D., Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, pp. 14863-14868Fehr, W.R., Caviness, C.E., Burmood, D.T., Pennington, I.S., Stage of development descriptions for soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (1971) Crop Sci, 11, pp. 929-931Fehr, W.R., Caviness, C.E., (1977) Stage of Soybean Development, p. 12. , Special Report n. 80. Ames, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, IowaGlombitza, S., Dubuis, P.-H., Thulke, O., Welzl, G., Bovet, L., Götz, M., Affenzeller, M., Asnaghi, C., Crosstalk and differential response to abiotic and biotic stressors reflected at the transcriptional level of effector genes from secondary metabolism (2004) Plant Mol Biol, 54, pp. 817-835Heerklotz, D., Doring, P., Bonzelius, F., Winkelhaus, S., Nover, L., The balance of nuclear import and export determines the intracellular distribution and function of tomato heat stress transcription factor HsfA2 (2001) Mol Cell Biol, 21, pp. 1759-1768Hoagland, D., Arnon, D.I., The water culture method for growing plants without soil (1950) Calif Agric Exp Stn Circ, 347, pp. 1-32Hsu, S.-F., Lai, H.-C., Jinn, T.-L., Cytosol-localized heat shock factor-binding protein, AtHSBP, functions as a negative regulator of heat shock response by translocation to the nucleus and is required for seed development in Arabidopsis (2010) Plant Physiol, 153, pp. 773-784Hu, W., Hu, G., Han, B., Genome-wide survey and expression profiling of heat shock proteins and heat shock factors revealed overlapped and stress specific response under abiotic stresses in rice (2009) Plant Sci, 176, pp. 583-590Kido, E.A., Barbosa, P.K., Ferreira Neto, J.C.R., Pandolfi, V., Houllou-Kido, L.M., Crovella, S., Benko-Iseppon, A.M., Identification of plant protein kinases in response to abiotic and biotic stresses using SuperSAGE (2011) Curr Prot Pept Sci, 12, pp. 643-656Kotak, S., Port, M., Ganguli, A., Bicker, F., von Koskull-Doring, P., Characterization of C-terminal domains of Arabidopsis heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) and identification of a new signature combination of plant class a Hsfs with AHA and NES motifs essential for activator function and intracellular localization (2004) Plant J, 39, pp. 98-112Kotak, S., Larkindale, J., Lee, U., von Koskull-Doring, P., Vierling, E., Scharf, K.D., Complexity of the heat stress response in plants (2007) Curr Opin Plant Biol, 10, pp. 310-316Li, H.-Y., Chang, C.-S., Lu, L.-S., Liu, C.-A., Chan, M.-T., Charng, Y.-Y., Over-expression of Arabidopsis thaliana heat shock factor gene (AtHsfA1b) enhances chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato (2004) Bot Bull Acad Sin, 44, pp. 129-140Li, M., Berendzen, K.W., Schoffl, F., Promoter specificity and interactions between early and late Arabidopsis heat shock factors (2010) Plant Mol Biol, 73, pp. 559-567McClean, P.E., Mamidi, S., McConnell, M., Chikara, S., Lee, R., Synteny mapping between common bean and soybean reveals extensive blocks of shared loci (2010) BMC Genomics, 11, pp. e184Miller, G., Mittler, R., Could heat shock transcription factors function as hydrogen peroxide sensors in plant? (2006) Ann Bot, 98, pp. 279-288Mittal, D., Chakrabarti, S., Sarkar, A., Singh, A., Grover, A., Heat shock factor gene family in rice: Genomic organization and transcript expression profiling in response to high temperature, low temperature and oxidative stresses (2009) Plant Physiol Biochem, 47, pp. 785-795Mochida, K., Yoshida, T., Sakurai, T., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., Shinozaki, K., Tran, L.-S.P., In silico analysis of transcription factor repertoire and prediction of stress responsive transcription factors in soybean (2009) DNA Res, 16, pp. 353-369Mochida, K., Yoshida, T., Sakurai, T., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., Shinozaki, K., Tran, L.-S.P., LegumeTFDB: An in-tegrative database of Glycine max, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula transcription factors (2009) Bioinformatics, 26, pp. 290-291Nascimento, L.C., Costa, G.G.L., Binneck, E., Pereira, G.A.G., Caraz-Zolle, M.F., A web-based bioinformatics interface applied to Genosoja Project: Databases and pipelines (2012) Genet Mol Biol, 35 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 203-211Nover, L., Bharti, K., Doring, P., Mishra, S.K., Ganguli, A., Scharf, K.-D., Arabidopsis and the heat stress transcription factor world: How many heat stress transcription factors do we need? (2001) Cell Stress Chap, 6, pp. 177-189Pirkkala, L., Nykanen, I., Sistonen, L., Roles of the heat shock transcription factors in regulation of the heat shock response and beyond (2001) FASEB J, 15, pp. 1118-1131Ruelland, E., Zachowski, A., How plants sense temperature (2010) Environ Exp Bot, 69, pp. 225-232Sato, Y., Yokoya, S., Enhanced tolerance to drought stress in transgenic rice plants overexpressing a small heat-shock protein, sHSP17.7 (2008) Plant Cell Rep, 27, pp. 329-334Scharf, K.-D., Rose, S., Thierfelder, J., Nover, L., Two cDNAs for tomato heat stress transcription factors (1993) Plant Physiol, 102, pp. 1355-1356Scharf, K.-D., Rose, S., Zott, W., Schoffl, F., Nover, L., Three tomato genes code for heat stress transcription factors with a regionofremarkable homology to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast HSF (1990) EMBO J, 9, pp. 4495-4501Schöff, F., Prändl, R., Reindl, A., Regulation of the heat-shock response (1998) Plant Physiol, 117, pp. 1135-1141Sung, D.-Y., Kaplan, F., Lee, K.-J., Guy, C.L., Acquired tolerance to temperature extremes (2003) Trends Plant Sci, 8, pp. 179-187Swindell, W.R., Huebner, M., Weber, A.P., Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis heat shock proteins and transcription factors reveals extensive overlap between heat and non-heat stress response pathways (2007) BMC Genomics, 8, pp. e125Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S., MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods (2011) Mol Biol Evol, 28, pp. 2731-2739Treshow, M., (1970) Environment and Plant Response, p. 421. , McGraw-Hill Company, New YorkTreuter, E., Nover, L., Ohme, K., Scharf, K.-D., Promoter specificity and deletion analysis of three tomato heat stress transcription factors (1993) Mol Gen Genet, 240, pp. 113-125Yamada, K., Fukao, Y., Hayashi, M., Fukazawa, M., Suzuki, I., Nishimura, M., Cytosolic HSP90 regulated the heat shock response that is responsible for heat acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana (2007) J Biol Chem, 282, pp. 37794-3780

An Overall Evaluation Of The Resistance (r) And Pathogenesis-related (pr) Super Families In Soybean, As Compared With Medicago And Arabidopsis

Plants have the ability to recognize and respond to a multitude of pathogens, resulting in a massive reprogramming of the plant to activate defense responses including Resistance (R) and Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes. Abiotic stresses can also activate PR genes and enhance pathogen resistance, representing valuable genes for breeding purposes. The present work offers an overview of soybean Rand PR genes present in the GENOSOJA (Brazilian Soybean Genome Consortium) platform, regarding their structure, abundance, evolution and role in the plant-pathogen metabolic pathway, as compared with Medicago and Arabidopsis. Searches revealed 3,065 R candidates (756 in Soybean, 1,142 in Medicago and 1,167 in Arabidopsis), and PR candidates matching to 1,261 sequences (310, 585 and 366 for the three species, respectively). The identified transcripts were also evaluated regarding their expression pattern in 65 libraries, showing prevalence in seeds and developing tissues. Upon consulting the Super SAGE libraries, 1,072 Rand 481 PR tags were identified in association with the different libraries. Multiple alignments were generated forXa21andPR-2genes, allowing inferences about their evolution. The results revealed interesting insights regarding the variability and complexity of defense genes in soybean, as compared with Medicago and Arabidopsis. © 2012, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética.35SUPPL.1260271Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P., (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell, p. 1616. , 4th edition. 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1118-1128Dinesh-Kumar, S.P., Whitham, S., Choi, D., Hehl, R., Corr, C., Baker, B., Transposon tagging of tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N:I its possible role in the TMV-N-mediated signal transduction pathway (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, pp. 4175-4180Dixon, M.S., Jones, D.A., Keddie, J.S., Thomas, C.T., Harrison, K., Jones, J.D.G., The tomato Cf2 disease resistance locus comprises two functional genes encoding leucine rich repeats proteins (1996) Cell, 84, pp. 451-459Durrant, W.E., Dong, X., Systemic acquired resistance (2004) Annu Rev Plant Pathol, 42, pp. 185-209Eisen, M.B., Spellman, P.T., Brown, P.O., Botstein, B., Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns (1998) Genetics, 25, pp. 14863-14868Ellis, J., Jones, D., Structure and function of proteins controlling strain-specific pathogen resistance in plants (2000) Curr Opin Plant Biol, 1, pp. 288-293Ellis, J., Lawrence, G.J., Finnegan, E.J., Anderson, P.A., Contrasting complexity of two rust resistance loci in flax (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, pp. 4185-4188Ellis, J., Dodds, P., Pryor, T., Structure, function and evolution of plant disease resistance genes (2000) Curr Opin Plant Biol, 3, pp. 278-284Gaffney, T., Friedrich, L., Vernooij, B., Negrotto, D., Nye, G., Ukness, S., Ward, E., Kessman Hand Ryals, J., Requirementofsalicylic acid for the induction of systemic acquired resistance (1993) Science, 261, pp. 754-756Glombitza, S., Dubuis, P.-H., Thulke, O., Welzl, G., Bovet, L., Götz, M., Affenzeller, M., Asnaghi, C., Crosstalk and differential response to abiotic and biotic stressors reflected at the transcriptional level of effector genes from secondary metabolism (2004) Plant Mol Biol, 54, pp. 817-835Griffith, M., Yaish, M.W.F., Antifreeze proteins in overwintering plants: A tale of two activities (2004) Trends Plant Sci, 9, pp. 399-405Hammond-Kosack, K.E., Jones, J.D.G., Plant disease resistance genes (1997) Annu Rev Plant Physiol, 48, pp. 575-607Hon, W.C., Griffith, M., 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Long-range quantum discord in critical spin systems

We show that quantum correlations as quantified by quantum discord can characterize quantum phase transitions by exhibiting nontrivial long-range decay as a function of distance in spin systems. This is rather different from the behavior of pairwise entanglement, which is typically short-ranged even in critical systems. In particular, we find a clear change in the decay rate of quantum discord as the system crosses a quantum critical point. We illustrate this phenomenon for first-order, second-order, and infinite-order quantum phase transitions, indicating that pairwise quantum discord is an appealing quantum correlation function for condensed matter systems

The MIDAS telescope for microwave detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays

We present the design, implementation and data taking performance of the MIcrowave Detection of Air Showers (MIDAS) experiment, a large field of view imaging telescope designed to detect microwave radiation from extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This novel technique may bring a tenfold increase in detector duty cycle when compared to the standard fluorescence technique based on detection of ultraviolet photons. The MIDAS telescope consists of a 4.5 m diameter dish with a 53-pixel receiver camera, instrumented with feed horns operating in the commercial extended C-Band (3.4 -- 4.2 GHz). A self-trigger capability is implemented in the digital electronics. The main objectives of this first prototype of the MIDAS telescope - to validate the telescope design, and to demonstrate a large detector duty cycle - were successfully accomplished in a dedicated data taking run at the University of Chicago campus prior to installation at the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 13 pages, 18 figure