Preparation of 1-Substituted Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines by Lithiation-Substitution

A method to prepare 1-substituted N-Boctetrahydro-β-carbolines was developed by lithiation followed by electrophilic substitution. The deprotonation to give the organolithium was optimized by in situ IR spectroscopy and showed that the Boc group rotates slowly at low temperature. The chemistry was applied to the synthesis of 9-methyleleagnine (N-methyltetrahydroharman) and 11-methylharmicine

Driving non-Gaussian to Gaussian states with linear optics

Published versio

Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

Non peer reviewe

Nurse-directed services: how can they be made more effective?

The need and the demand for health care is increasing at a faster rate than the increase in resources available for providing it. This is due to four interrelated factors: an ageing population; the development of new technology and knowledge; rising patient expectations; and greater professional expectations [1]. In an era of evidence-based health care, it is important to ensure that there is an effective and efficient use of resources in order to achieve the desired outcomes. The emphasis on effectiveness and efficiency in health care has been apparent over the past decade [2 and 3], although the notion was espoused 30 years ago [4. A.L. Cochrane Effectiveness and efficiency. Random reflections of health services, Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, London (1971).4