522 research outputs found
Counter Machines and Distributed Automata: A Story about Exchanging Space and Time
We prove the equivalence of two classes of counter machines and one class of
distributed automata. Our counter machines operate on finite words, which they
read from left to right while incrementing or decrementing a fixed number of
counters. The two classes differ in the extra features they offer: one allows
to copy counter values, whereas the other allows to compute copyless sums of
counters. Our distributed automata, on the other hand, operate on directed path
graphs that represent words. All nodes of a path synchronously execute the same
finite-state machine, whose state diagram must be acyclic except for
self-loops, and each node receives as input the state of its direct
predecessor. These devices form a subclass of linear-time one-way cellular
automata.Comment: 15 pages (+ 13 pages of appendices), 5 figures; To appear in the
proceedings of AUTOMATA 2018
Precision neutron interferometric measurement of the nd coherent neutron scattering length and consequences for models of three-nucleon forces
We have performed the first high precision measurement of the coherent
neutron scattering length of deuterium in a pure sample using neutron
interferometry. We find b_nd = (6.665 +/- 0.004) fm in agreement with the world
average of previous measurements using different techniques, b_nd = (6.6730 +/-
0.0045) fm. We compare the new world average for the nd coherent scattering
length b_nd = (6.669 +/- 0.003) fm to calculations of the doublet and quartet
scattering lengths from several modern nucleon-nucleon potential models with
three-nucleon force (3NF) additions and show that almost all theories are in
serious disagreement with experiment. This comparison is a more stringent test
of the models than past comparisons with the less precisely-determined nuclear
doublet scattering length of a_nd = (0.65 +/- 0.04) fm.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Sequence verification of synthetic DNA by assembly of sequencing reads
This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Oxford University Press and can be found at: http://www.oxfordjournals.org/Gene synthesis attempts to assemble user-defined DNA sequences with base-level precision. Verifying the sequences of construction intermediates and the final product of a gene synthesis project is a critical part of the workflow, yet one that has received the least attention. Sequence validation is equally important for other kinds of curated clone collections. Ensuring that the physical sequence of a clone matches its published sequence is a common quality control step performed at least once over the course of a research project. GenoREAD is a web-based application that breaks the sequence verification process into two steps: the assembly of sequencing reads and the alignment of the resulting contig with a reference sequence. GenoREAD can determine if a clone matches its reference sequence. Its sophisticated reporting features help identify and troubleshoot problems that arise during the sequence verification process. GenoREAD has been experimentally validated on thousands of gene-sized constructs from an ORFeome project, and on longer sequences including whole plasmids and synthetic chromosomes. Comparing GenoREAD results with those from manual analysis of the sequencing data demonstrates that GenoREAD tends to be conservative in its diagnostic. GenoREAD is available at www.genoread.org
Refractive Index of Humid Air in the Infrared: Model Fits
The theory of summation of electromagnetic line transitions is used to
tabulate the Taylor expansion of the refractive index of humid air over the
basic independent parameters (temperature, pressure, humidity, wavelength) in
five separate infrared regions from the H to the Q band at a fixed percentage
of Carbon Dioxide. These are least-squares fits to raw, highly resolved spectra
for a set of temperatures from 10 to 25 C, a set of pressures from 500 to 1023
hPa, and a set of relative humidities from 5 to 60%. These choices reflect the
prospective application to characterize ambient air at mountain altitudes of
astronomical telescopes.Comment: Corrected exponents of c0ref, c1ref and c1p in Table
Adding our leaves: A communityâ wide perspective on research directions in ecohydrology
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154539/1/hyp13693.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154539/2/hyp13693_am.pd
Efficiency Analysis of a Hall Thruster Operating with Krypton and Xenon
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76560/1/AIAA-19613-425.pd
Implementing integrated measurements of essential biodiversity variables at a national scale
Funding: the Strategic Science Investment Funding for Crown Research Institutes from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.1. There is a global need for observation systems that deliver regular, timely data on state and trends in biodiversity, but few have been implemented, and fewer still at national scales. We describe the implementation of measurement of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) on an 8 km × 8 km grid throughout New Zealand, with multiple components of biodiversity (vegetation, birds, and some introduced mammals) measured simultaneously at each sample point. 2. Between 2011 and 2017, all public land was sampled nationally (ca. 1,350 points) and some private land (ca. 500 points). Synthetic appraisals of the state of New Zealand's biodiversity, not possible previously, can be derived from the first measurement of species distribution, population abundance, and taxonomic diversity EBVs. 3. Native bird counts (all species combined) were about 2.5 times greater per sample point in natural forests and shrublands than in non‐woody ecosystems, and native bird counts exceeded those of non‐native birds across all natural forests and shrublands. 4. Non‐native plants, birds, and mammals are invasive throughout, but high‐rainfall forested regions are least invaded, and historically deforested rain shadow regions are most invaded. 5. National reporting of terrestrial biodiversity across New Zealand's public land is established and becoming normalised, in the same manner as national and international reporting of human health and education statistics. The challenge is extending coverage across all private land. Repeated measurements of these EBVs, which began in 2017, will allow defensible estimates of biodiversity trends.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Second-hand smoke in four English prisons: an air quality monitoring study
BACKGROUND: To measure levels of indoor pollution in relation to smoking in four English prisons.
METHODS: TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitors were used to measure concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 mum in diameter (PM2.5) for periods of up to 9 h in selected smoking and non-smoking areas, and personal exposure monitoring of prison staff during a work shift, in four prisons.
RESULTS: PM2.5 data were collected for average periods of 6.5 h from 48 locations on 25 wing landings where smoking was permitted in cells, on 5 non-smoking wings, 13 prisoner cells, and personal monitoring of 22 staff members. Arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher on smoking than non-smoking wing landings (43.9 mug/m(3) and 5.9 mug/m(3) respectively, p < 0.001) and in smoking than non-smoking cells (226.2 mug/m(3) and 17.0 mug/m(3) respectively, p < 0.001). Staff members wore monitors for an average of 4.18 h, during which they were exposed to arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentration of 23.5 mug/m(3).
CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of PM2.5 pollution in smoking areas of prisons are extremely high. Smoking in prisons therefore represents a significant health hazard to prisoners and staff members
Higher Education and behavior analysis in Europe::Creating a unified approach for the training of autism professionals
Training of behaviour analysts for autism services, has improved notably within a European higher education context. However, regional discrepancies associated with economic, health care, social services, and institutional policies magnify the importance of creating appropriate unified training and consumer protection. Although the European Association for Behaviour Analysis (EABA) has endorsed the Behavior Analyst Certification Board’s (BACB) designations, the absence of European and national regulations, recognition, and accreditation remain significant barriers to quality training and implementation. These challenges are particularly pertinent in light of BACB decision to limit certification to residents in the USA and Canada after 2022. Advances, challenges, and future directions are discussed within the context of higher education in the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Norway, and Sweden. The post-Bologna European agenda for higher education, globalization and opportunities for the training of behaviour analysts within European higher education are outlined
- …