Composición nutricional de nuevas variedades de cacahuate (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

Six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Col-24-Gro, Col-61-Gto, VA-81-B, Ranferi Díaz, NC-2 and Florunner) were studied for agricultural yield, chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber and ash), amino acid profile, digestibility, fatty acid profile, tocopherol and sterol contents. Results indicated that Ranferi Díaz and Col-61-Gto presented the highest yield (6.3 Ton/ha). Protein content was from 23.5 to 26.6% and fat content ranged from 49.8-53.4%. Mean digestibility was 86%. Lysine and threonine levels in all cultivars were sufficient to meet human requirements. Total saturated fatty acids ranged from 15-18%. The oleic/linoleic ratio was estimated 1.3-1.4. Tocopherol levels varied from 390 to 706 ppm. The highest tocopherol levels corresponded to the cultivars with the lowest yield. The alpha tocopherol content was estimated at 90-150 ppm, while gamma tocopherol was 270-570 ppm.The main sterol present was βsitosterol (approx. 65%). Ranferi Diaz variety presented the highest agronomic yield and the highest protein content but low oleic acid, low sterols and low total tocopherols. The differences among cultivars suggest differences in their applications.Se estudio el rendimiento agrícola y composición química (proteína, grasa, carbohidratos, fibra y cenizas), perfil de amino ácidos, digestibilidad, perfil de ácidos grasos, contenido de tocoferol y de esteroles de seis variedades de cacahuate (Arachis hypogaea L.) Col-24-Gro, Col-61-Gto, VA-81B, Ranferi Díaz, NC-2 y Florunner. Los resultados mostraron que el mayor rendimiento se logró en las variedades Ranferi Díaz y Col-61-Gto (6.3 Ton/ha). El contenido de proteína fue de 23.5 a 26.6% y el contenido de grasa en un intervalo de 49.8 a 53.4%. La digestibilidad promedio de las seis variedades fue de 86%. El contenido de lisina y treonina en la proteína de todas las variedades fue suficiente para satisfacer los requerimientos del humano. La composición del aceite de las diferentes variedades de cacahuate se caracterizó por contener de 15-18% de ácidos grasos saturados. La relación oleico/linoleico fue de 1.3-1.4. El contenido de tocoferoles totales fue entre 390 a 706 ppm. El mayor contenido de tocoferol correspondió a las variedades con los rendimientos más bajos. Con respecto al contenido de alfa tocoferol se encontró entre 90-150 ppm y el gamma tocoferol fue entre 270570 ppm. El contenido de beta-sitosterol fue similar en las seis variedades (aprox. 65%). La variedad Ranferi Diaz presentó el más alto rendimiento agronómico y el más alto contenido de proteína. Sin embargo, esta variedad presento el más bajo contenido de ácido oleico, bajo contenido de esteroles y bajo contenido de tocoferoles totales. Estas diferencias entre las variedades de cacahuate sugieren que cada una de ellas deberá tener diferente uso como alimento

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a cholestatic disorder characterized by (i) pruritus with onset in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, (ii) elevated serum aminotransferases and bile acid levels, and (iii) spontaneous relief of signs and symptoms within two to three weeks after delivery. ICP is observed in 0.4–1% of pregnancies in most areas of Central and Western Europe and North America, while in Chile and Bolivia as well as Scandinavia and the Baltic states roughly 5–15% and 1–2%, respectively, of pregnancies are associated with ICP. Genetic and hormonal factors, but also environmental factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of ICP. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy increases the risk of preterm delivery (19–60%), meconium staining of amniotic fluid (27%), fetal bradycardia (14%), fetal distress (22–41%), and fetal loss (0.4–4.1%), particularly when associated with fasting serum bile acid levels > 40 μmol/L. The hydrophilic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (10–20 mg/kg/d) is today regarded as the first line treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Delivery has been recommended in the 38th week when lung maturity has been established

Crime, Institutions and Sector-Specific FDI in Latin America

In this article, we explore how crime and institutions affect the flow of capital in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Latin American and Caribbean countries in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors during the 1996-2010 period. We use three different variables related to violent crime: homicides, crime victimization, and an index of organized crime. We find that there is a correlation between the institutional and crime variables, where the significance of institutional variables tends to disappear when the crime variables are added to the model. We find that higher crime victimization and organized crime are associated with lower FDI in the tertiary sector. We do not find that crime affects FDI inflows to Latin America in the primary and secondary sector

VOLUMEN 25, NÚMERO 40 (2003)

TERMOCRONOLOGÍA K-Ar EN ILLITAS: ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.CINÉTICA DE LA NUCLEACIÓN Y EL CRECIMIENTO DEL GRANATE EN LAS ROCAS METAPELÍTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C., Gélvez Llanes, J., Márquez Romero, R. y Castellanos Alarcón, O.INTRODUCCIÓN A LA GEOLOGÍA DEL SECTOR VÉLEZ–BOLÍVAR–GUAVATÁ (DPTO. DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA) Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA EXPLORACIÓN DE DEPÓSITOSHIDROTERMALES. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Cruz G. L. E.; Colegial G. J. D.RECOGNITION OF ANCIENT SHOREFACE DEPOSITS. FACIES, FACIES SUCESSIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS. AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CRETACEOUS GALLUP CLASTIC WEDGE, NEW MÉXICO. Álvarez Bastos, MNUEVAS EVIDENCIAS ACERCA DE LA PRESENCIA DE UNA BANDA DE CIZALLAMIENTO EN LA SECUENCIA METAPELÍTICA DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, SECTOR ARATOCA-PESCADERO (REGION SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.; Gélvez Llanes, J. R.; Márquez Romero, R. E.; Ordóñez Calderón, J. C.; Cepeda Espitia, S.LOS DELIRIOS: UN YACIMIENTO HIDROTERMAL DE ORO Y PLATA EN LA REGIÓN DE VETAS, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA). García Ramírez, C. A., Uribe Portilla, E.MINERALOGÍA, GEOQUÍMICA Y ALGUNOS ASPECTOS GENÉTICOS DE LA MINA EL DIAMANTE - NARIÑO (COLOMBIA). Molano, J.C. and Shimazaki, H.COMPARATIVE FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES OF THE SAN MARTÍN SKARN (MÉXICO) AND THE EPITHERMAL COMSTOCK LODE (USA) AND PACHUCA-REAL DEL MONTE (MÉXICO) DEPOSITS. Campos Álvarez, N. O

VOLUMEN 25, NÚMERO 40 (2003)

TERMOCRONOLOGÍA K-Ar EN ILLITAS: ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.CINÉTICA DE LA NUCLEACIÓN Y EL CRECIMIENTO DEL GRANATE EN LAS ROCAS METAPELÍTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C., Gélvez Llanes, J., Márquez Romero, R. y Castellanos Alarcón, O.INTRODUCCIÓN A LA GEOLOGÍA DEL SECTOR VÉLEZ–BOLÍVAR–GUAVATÁ (DPTO. DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA) Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA EXPLORACIÓN DE DEPÓSITOSHIDROTERMALES. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Cruz G. L. E.; Colegial G. J. D.RECOGNITION OF ANCIENT SHOREFACE DEPOSITS. FACIES, FACIES SUCESSIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS. AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CRETACEOUS GALLUP CLASTIC WEDGE, NEW MÉXICO. Álvarez Bastos, MNUEVAS EVIDENCIAS ACERCA DE LA PRESENCIA DE UNA BANDA DE CIZALLAMIENTO EN LA SECUENCIA METAPELÍTICA DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, SECTOR ARATOCA-PESCADERO (REGION SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.; Gélvez Llanes, J. R.; Márquez Romero, R. E.; Ordóñez Calderón, J. C.; Cepeda Espitia, S.LOS DELIRIOS: UN YACIMIENTO HIDROTERMAL DE ORO Y PLATA EN LA REGIÓN DE VETAS, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA). García Ramírez, C. A., Uribe Portilla, E.MINERALOGÍA, GEOQUÍMICA Y ALGUNOS ASPECTOS GENÉTICOS DE LA MINA EL DIAMANTE - NARIÑO (COLOMBIA). Molano, J.C. and Shimazaki, H.COMPARATIVE FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES OF THE SAN MARTÍN SKARN (MÉXICO) AND THE EPITHERMAL COMSTOCK LODE (USA) AND PACHUCA-REAL DEL MONTE (MÉXICO) DEPOSITS. Campos Álvarez, N. O

THE AFTERCARE SURVEY:Assessment and intervention practices after brain tumour surgery in Europe

Introduction People with gliomas need specialized neurosurgical, neuro-oncological, psycho-oncological, and neuropsychological care. The role of language and cognitive recovery and rehabilitation in patients’ well-being and resumption of work is crucial, but there are no clear guidelines for the ideal timing and character of assessments and interventions. The goal of the present work was to describe representative (neuro)psychological practices implemented after brain surgery in Europe. Methods An online survey was addressed to professionals working with individuals after brain surgery. We inquired about the assessments and interventions and the involvement of caregivers. Additionally, we asked about recommendations for an ideal assessment and intervention plan. Results Thirty-eight European centres completed the survey. Thirty of them offered at least one post-surgical (neuro)psychological assessment, mainly for language and cognition, especially during the early recovery stage and at long-term. Twenty-eight of the participating centres offered post-surgical therapies. Patients who stand the highest chances of being included in evaluation and therapy post-surgically are those who underwent awake brain surgery, harboured a low-grade glioma, or showed poor recovery. Nearly half of the respondents offer support programs to caregivers, and all teams recommend them. Treatments differed between these offered to individuals with low-grade glioma versus those with high-grade glioma. The figure of caregiver is not yet fully recognized in the recovery phase. Conclusion We stress the need for more complete rehabilitation plans, including the emotional and health-related aspects of recovery. In respondents´ opinions, assessment and rehabilitation plans should also be individually tailored and goal-directed (e.g., professional reinsertion)

Rethinking megafauna

Concern for megafauna is increasing among scientists and non-scientists. Many studies have emphasized that megafauna play prominent ecological roles and provide important ecosystem services to humanity. But, what precisely are “megafauna”? Here we critically assess the concept of megafauna and propose a goal-oriented framework for megafaunal research. First, we review definitions of megafauna and analyze associated terminology in the scientific literature. Second, we conduct a survey among ecologists and paleontologists to assess the species traits used to identify and define megafauna. Our review indicates that definitions are highly dependent on the study ecosystem and research question, and primarily rely on ad hoc size-related criteria. Our survey suggests that body size is crucial, but not necessarily sufficient, for addressing the different applications of the term megafauna. Thus, after discussing the pros and cons of existing definitions, we propose an additional approach by defining two function-oriented megafaunal concepts: “keystone megafauna” and “functional megafauna”, with its variant “apex megafauna”. Assessing megafauna from a functional perspective could challenge the perception that there may not be a unifying definition of megafauna that can be applied to all eco-evolutionary narratives. In addition, using functional definitions of megafauna could be especially conducive to cross-disciplinary understanding and cooperation, improvement of conservation policy and practice, and strengthening of public perception. As megafaunal research advances, we encourage scientists to unambiguously define how they use the term “megafauna” and to present the logic underpinning their definition

Application of Multi-SNP Approaches Bayesian LASSO and AUC-RF to Detect Main Effects of Inflammatory-Gene Variants Associated with Bladder Cancer Risk

The relationship between inflammation and cancer is well established in several tumor types, including bladder cancer. We performed an association study between 886 inflammatory-gene variants and bladder cancer risk in 1,047 cases and 988 controls from the Spanish Bladder Cancer (SBC)/EPICURO Study. A preliminary exploration with the widely used univariate logistic regression approach did not identify any significant SNP after correcting for multiple testing. We further applied two more comprehensive methods to capture the complexity of bladder cancer genetic susceptibility: Bayesian Threshold LASSO (BTL), a regularized regression method, and AUC-Random Forest, a machine-learning algorithm. Both approaches explore the joint effect of markers. BTL analysis identified a signature of 37 SNPs in 34 genes showing an association with bladder cancer. AUC-RF detected an optimal predictive subset of 56 SNPs. 13 SNPs were identified by both methods in the total population. Using resources from the Texas Bladder Cancer study we were able to replicate 30% of the SNPs assessed. The associations between inflammatory SNPs and bladder cancer were reexamined among non-smokers to eliminate the effect of tobacco, one of the strongest and most prevalent environmental risk factor for this tumor. A 9 SNP-signature was detected by BTL. Here we report, for the first time, a set of SNP in inflammatory genes jointly associated with bladder cancer risk. These results highlight the importance of the complex structure of genetic susceptibility associated with cancer risk.The work was partially supported by the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (G03/174, 00/0745, PI051436, PI061614, PI09-02102, G03/174 and Sara Borrell fellowship to ELM) and Ministry of Science and Innovation (MTM2008-06747-C02-02 and FPU fellowship award to VU), Spain; AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2009SGR-581); Fundaciola Maratode TV3; Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RTICC); Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (AECC); EU-FP7-201663; and RO1-CA089715 and CA34627; the Spanish National Institute for Bioinformatics (www.inab.org); and by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USA. MD Anderson support for this project included U01 CA 127615 (XW); R01 CA 74880 (XW); P50 CA 91846 (XW, CPD); Betty B. Marcus Chair fund in Cancer Prevention (XW); UT Research Trust fund (XW) and R01 CA 131335 (JG)