64 research outputs found
Precision bond lengths for Rydberg Matter clusters KN (N = 19, 37, 61 and 91) in excitation levels n = 4 - 8 from rotational radio-frequency emission spectra
Clusters of the electronically excited condensed matter Rydberg Matter (RM)
are planar and six-fold symmetric with magic numbers N = 7, 19, 37, 61 and 91.
The bond distances in the clusters are known with a precision of +- 5% both
from theory and Coulomb explosion experiments. Long series of up to 40
consecutive lines from rotational transitions in such clusters are now observed
in emission in the radio-frequency range 7-90 MHz. The clusters are produced in
five different vacuum chambers equipped with RM emitters. The most prominent
series with B = 0.9292 +- 0.0001 MHz agrees accurately with expectation (within
2%) for the planar six-fold symmetric cluster K19 in excitation level n = 4.
Other long series agree even better with K19 at n = 5 and 6. The ratio between
the interatomic distance and the theoretical electron orbit radius (the
dimensional ratio) for K19 in n = 4 is found to be 2.8470 +- 0.0003. For
clusters K19 (n = 6) and K37 (n = 7 and 8) the dimensional ratio 2.90 is the
highest value that is found, which happens to be exactly the theoretical value.
Clusters K61 and K91 in n = 5 and 6 have slightly lower dimensional ratios.
This is expected since the edge effects are smaller. Intensity alternations are
observed of approximately 7:3. The nuclear spins interact strongly with the
magnetic field from the orbiting electrons. Spin transitions are observed with
energy differences corresponding accurately (within 0.6%) to transitions with
apparent total (delta)F = -3 at excitation levels n = 5 and 6. The angular
momentum coupling schemes in the clusters are complex but well understood.Comment: 37 pages, 14 figure
Topologically disordered systems at the glass transition
The thermodynamic approach to the viscosity and fragility of amorphous oxides was used to determine the topological characteristics of the disordered network-forming systems. Instead of the disordered system of atoms we considered the congruent disordered system of interconnecting bonds. The Gibbs free energy of network-breaking defects (configurons) was found based on available viscosity data. Amorphous silica and germania were used as reference disordered systems for which we found an excellent agreement of calculated and measured glass transition temperatures. We reveal that the Hausdorff dimension of the system of bonds changes from Euclidian three-dimensional below to fractal 2.55 ± 0.05-dimensional geometry above the glass transition temperature
The Reality of Implementing Virtual Reality:A Case Study on the Challenges of Integrating VR-Based Rehabilitation
Spatial Separation of the 3.29 micron Emission Feature and Associated 2 micron Continuum in NGC 7023
We present a new 0.9" resolution 3.29 micron narrowband image of the
reflection nebula NGC 7023. We find that the 3.29 micron IEF in NGC 7023 is
brightest in narrow filaments NW of the illuminating star. These filaments have
been seen in images of K', molecular hydrogen emission lines, the 6.2 and 11.3
micron IEFs, and HCO+. We also detect 3.29 micron emission faintly but
distinctly between the filaments and the star. The 3.29 micron image is in
contrast to narrowband images at 2.09, 2.14, and 2.18 micron, which show an
extended emission peak midway between the filaments and the star, and much
fainter emission near the filaments. The [2.18]-[3.29] color shows a wide
variation, ranging from 3.4-3.6 mag at the 2 micron continuum peak to 5.5 mag
in the filaments. We observe [2.18]-[3.29] to increase smoothly with increasing
distance from the star, up until the filament, suggesting that the main
difference between the spatial distributions of the 2 micron continuum and the
the 3.29 micron emission is related to the incident stellar flux. Our result
suggests that the 3.29 micron IEF carriers are likely to be distinct from, but
related to, the 2 micron continuum emitters. Our finding also imply that, in
NGC 7023, the 2 micron continuum emitters are mainly associated with HI, while
the 3.29 micron IEF carriers are primarily found in warm molecular hydrogen,
but that both can survive in HI or molecular hydrogen. (abridged)Comment: to appear in ApJ, including 1 table and 8 figures, high resolution
figures available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jin/n7023
On the investigations of galaxy redshift periodicity
In this article we present a historical review of study of the redshift
periodicity of galaxies, starting from the first works performed in the
seventies of the twentieth century until the present day. We discuss the
observational data and methods used, showing in which cases the discretization
of redshifts was observed. We conclude that galaxy redshift periodisation is an
effect which can really exist. We also discussed the redshift discretization in
two different structures: the Local Group of galaxies and the Hercules
Supercluster. Contrary to the previous studies we consider all galaxies which
can be regarded as a structure member disregarding the accuracy of velocity
measurements. We applied the power spectrum analysis using the Hann function
for weighting, together with the jackknife error estimator. In both the
structures we found weak effects of redshift periodisation.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Part. and Nucl. Lett. 200
The impact of COVID-19 related regulations and restrictions on mobility and potential for sustained climate mitigation across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK: a data-based commentary
Human behaviour change is necessary to meet targets set by the Paris Agreement to mitigate climate change. Restrictions and regulations put in place globally to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 during 2020 have had a substantial impact on everyday life, including many carbon-intensive behaviours such as transportation. Changes to transportation behaviour may reduce carbon emissions. Behaviour change theory can offer perspective on the drivers and influences of behaviour and shape recommendations for how policy-makers can capitalise on any observed behaviour changes that may mitigate climate change. For this commentary, we aimed to describe changes in data relating to transportation behaviours concerning working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. We display these identified changes in a concept map, suggesting links between the changes in behaviour and levels of carbon emissions. We consider these changes in relation to a comprehensive and easy to understand model of behaviour, the Opportunity, Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model, to understand the capabilities, opportunities and behaviours related to the observed behaviour changes and potential policy to mitigate climate change. There is now an opportunity for policy-makers to increase the likelihood of maintaining pro-environmental behaviour changes by providing opportunities, improving capabilities and maintaining motivation for these behaviours
The optical spectroscopy of extraterrestrial molecules
The ongoing quest to identify molecules in the interstellar medium by their
electronic spectra in the visible region is reviewed. Identification of
molecular absorption is described in the context of the elucidation of the
carriers of the unidentified diffuse interstellar bands while molecular
emission is discussed with reference to the unidentified Red Rectangle bands.
The experimental techniques employed in undertaking studies on the optical
spectroscopy of extraterrestrial molecules are described and critiqued in the
context of their application.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, Invited review Australian Journal of Chemistry,
accepted for publicatio
An Integrative Design Framework for New Service Development
Service innovation is focused on customer value creation. At its core, customer-centric service innovation in an increasingly digital world is technology-enabled, human-centered, and process-oriented. This requires a cross-disciplinary, holistic approach to new service design and development (NSD). This paper proposes a new service strategy-aligned integrative design framework for NSD. It correlates the underlying theories and principles of disparate but interrelated aspects of service design thinking: service strategy, concept, design, experience and architecture into a coherent framework for NSD, consistent with the service brand value. Application of the framework to NSD is envisioned to be iterative and holistic, accentuated on continuous organizational and customer learning. The preliminary framework's efficacy is illustrated using a simplified telecom case example. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
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