Fault detection and isolation

Erroneous measurements in multisensor navigation systems must be detected and isolated. A recursive estimator can find fast growing errors; a least squares batch estimator can find slow growing errors. This process is called fault detection. A protection radius can be calculated as a function of time for a given location. This protection radius can be used to guarantee the integrity of the navigation data. Fault isolation can be accomplished using either a snapshot method or by examining the history of the fault detection statistics

Small carbon chains in circumstellar envelopes

Observations were made for a number of carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes using the Phoenix spectrograph on the Gemini South telescope to determine the abundance of small carbon chain molecules. Vibration-rotation lines of the $\nu_{3}$ antisymmetric stretch of C$_{3}$ near 2040 cm$^{-1}$ (4.902 $\mu$m) have been used to determine the column density for four carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes: CRL 865, CRL 1922, CRL 2023 and IRC +10216. We additionally calculate the column density of C$_{5}$ for IRC +10216, and provide an upper limit for 5 more objects. An upper limit estimate for the C$_{7}$ column density is also provided for IRC+10216. A comparison of these column densities suggest a revision to current circumstellar chemical models may be needed

Computationally Efficient Target Classification in Multispectral Image Data with Deep Neural Networks

Detecting and classifying targets in video streams from surveillance cameras is a cumbersome, error-prone and expensive task. Often, the incurred costs are prohibitive for real-time monitoring. This leads to data being stored locally or transmitted to a central storage site for post-incident examination. The required communication links and archiving of the video data are still expensive and this setup excludes preemptive actions to respond to imminent threats. An effective way to overcome these limitations is to build a smart camera that transmits alerts when relevant video sequences are detected. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have come to outperform humans in visual classifications tasks. The concept of DNNs and Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) can easily be extended to make use of higher-dimensional input data such as multispectral data. We explore this opportunity in terms of achievable accuracy and required computational effort. To analyze the precision of DNNs for scene labeling in an urban surveillance scenario we have created a dataset with 8 classes obtained in a field experiment. We combine an RGB camera with a 25-channel VIS-NIR snapshot sensor to assess the potential of multispectral image data for target classification. We evaluate several new DNNs, showing that the spectral information fused together with the RGB frames can be used to improve the accuracy of the system or to achieve similar accuracy with a 3x smaller computation effort. We achieve a very high per-pixel accuracy of 99.1%. Even for scarcely occurring, but particularly interesting classes, such as cars, 75% of the pixels are labeled correctly with errors occurring only around the border of the objects. This high accuracy was obtained with a training set of only 30 labeled images, paving the way for fast adaptation to various application scenarios.Comment: Presented at SPIE Security + Defence 2016 Proc. SPIE 9997, Target and Background Signatures I

What You Leave Behind: A Collection of Travel Essays

What You Leave Behind is a collection of essays framed by the theme of travel. The essays seek to understand the changeability and the consistency of the self when exposed to new cultures and new environments. They also explore what travel tells us about varying world perspectives, and how much of those varying world perspectives people can hope to understand. Lastly, these true-life stories and ruminations explore how travel shapes relationships: familial, romantic, and platonic. At its core, this thesis strives to reveal how traveling can inform the way people understand themselves, the world around them, and the relationships they have with others, both at home and abroad

Empirical line lists and absorption cross sections for methane at high temperature

Hot methane is found in many "cool" sub-stellar astronomical sources including brown dwarfs and exoplanets, as well as in combustion environments on Earth. We report on the first high-resolution laboratory absorption spectra of hot methane at temperatures up to 1200 K. Our observations are compared to the latest theoretical spectral predictions and recent brown dwarf spectra. The expectation that millions of weak absorption lines combine to form a continuum, not seen at room temperature, is confirmed. Our high-resolution transmittance spectra account for both the emission and absorption of methane at elevated temperatures. From these spectra, we obtain an empirical line list and continuum that is able to account for the absorption of methane in high temperature environments at both high and low resolution. Great advances have recently been made in the theoretical prediction of hot methane, and our experimental measurements highlight the progress made and the problems that still remain.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures and 3 tables. For associated online data see http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/1

Measured Optical Absorption Cross Sections of TiO

A laboratory emission spectrum of TiO in the visible and near-infrared regions (476–1176 nm) has been calibrated and corrected. High-resolution experimental absorption cross sections for TiO with natural isotopic abundance are provided at a temperature of about 2300 K. These cross sections have been compared with those derived from the ExoMol line list. The experimental cross sections can be used directly as a template for cross correlation TiO detection in hot Jupiter exoplanets

A Prospective Open Labelled Phase-II Non- Randomized Clinical Trial on “NERUNJI VER KUDINEER” for “KALLADAIPPU” (UROLITHIASIS)

KALLADAIPPU is the most common disease in our country. The evidence of the disease KALLADAIPPU was derived from YUGI VAIDHIYA CHINTHAMANI 800, by Dr.K.Anbarasu B.S.M.S (Page.No.283). The clinical features of KALLADAIPPU can be correlated with UROLITHIASIS in modern science. Urolithiasis is a term originated from three Greek words “ouron” for urine, “oros” for flow, and “lithos” for stone. It is the formation of calculi which are formed or located anywhere in the urinary system (i.e. kidneys, bladder, urethrae, and urinary tract). Many herbal and herbal-mineral formulations have been described in Siddha text books. One such drug NERUNJI VER KUDINEER mentioned in the book of AATHMARATCHAMIRTHAM ENNUM VAIDHYA SARASANGIRAGAM (Page.no:349). A total of 40 patients of both sex (20 OPD and 20 IPD) were selected and administered with the clinical trial medicine “NERUNJI VER KUDINEER” 100 ml BID at PG Department of Pothu Maruthuvam, Govt. Siddha Medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai. The whole study period is between August 2018 and June 2019. The clinical trial medicine was subjected to Biochemical, Toxicity and Pharmacological studies. In clinical study 75% of out patients and 50% of in patients showed Good response. And 25% of Out patients and 45% In patients showed Moderate response. Poor response in 5% of IPD. No Adverse reaction was found in this clinical study. The statistical analysis showed good significant value (P<0.0001). The Nerunji ver Kudineer is safe and effective and affordable cost in the treatment of Kalladaippu Noi (Urolithiasis)

Experimental energy levels of the water molecule

Experimentally derived energy levels are presented for 12 248 vibration–rotation states of the H2 16O isotopomer of water, more than doubling the number in previous, disparate, compilations. For each level an error and reference to source data is given. The levels have been checked using energy levels derived from sophisticated variational calculations. These levels span 107 vibrational states including members of all polyads up to and including 8v. Band origins, in some cases estimates, are presented for 101 vibrational modes