Precision bond lengths for Rydberg Matter clusters KN (N = 19, 37, 61 and 91) in excitation levels n = 4 - 8 from rotational radio-frequency emission spectra

Clusters of the electronically excited condensed matter Rydberg Matter (RM) are planar and six-fold symmetric with magic numbers N = 7, 19, 37, 61 and 91. The bond distances in the clusters are known with a precision of +- 5% both from theory and Coulomb explosion experiments. Long series of up to 40 consecutive lines from rotational transitions in such clusters are now observed in emission in the radio-frequency range 7-90 MHz. The clusters are produced in five different vacuum chambers equipped with RM emitters. The most prominent series with B = 0.9292 +- 0.0001 MHz agrees accurately with expectation (within 2%) for the planar six-fold symmetric cluster K19 in excitation level n = 4. Other long series agree even better with K19 at n = 5 and 6. The ratio between the interatomic distance and the theoretical electron orbit radius (the dimensional ratio) for K19 in n = 4 is found to be 2.8470 +- 0.0003. For clusters K19 (n = 6) and K37 (n = 7 and 8) the dimensional ratio 2.90 is the highest value that is found, which happens to be exactly the theoretical value. Clusters K61 and K91 in n = 5 and 6 have slightly lower dimensional ratios. This is expected since the edge effects are smaller. Intensity alternations are observed of approximately 7:3. The nuclear spins interact strongly with the magnetic field from the orbiting electrons. Spin transitions are observed with energy differences corresponding accurately (within 0.6%) to transitions with apparent total (delta)F = -3 at excitation levels n = 5 and 6. The angular momentum coupling schemes in the clusters are complex but well understood.Comment: 37 pages, 14 figure

Бактериальные менингиты: клинико-эпидемиологические и патогенетические особенности, лечение

АВТОРЕФЕРАТЫ ДИССЕРТАЦИЙАНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫЕ СРЕДСТВААНТИБИОТИКИМЕНИНГИТ /ЛЕК ТЕРМЕНИНГИТ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ /ЛЕК ТЕРНЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ БОЛЕЗН

DETERMINING VALUE DIMENSIONS FOR AN ALL-ENCOMPASSING SERVICE EVALUATION

Purpose – All along its evolution, service logic strongly focuses on the meaning of service value and where it resides within a service development process, shifting from its conception as a service attribute to be created by the service provider to a focus on value-in-use and value-in-context as elements emerging from the user experience. The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon how to determine value dimensions emerging from each value creation sphere in order to evaluate the overall service performance both from a provider and a user perspective. Design/Methodology/approach – The authors explores in parallel service logic studies in the field of marketing and management and evaluation studies in the field of social sciences in order to define a service evaluation model. The model will be exemplified through the application to a service in the healthcare sector. Final considerations will be done upon the use of the model as a tool for shifting the reflection on value creation from theory to practice. Findings – Even though in theory of service logic there is a quite clear understanding of service value creation dynamics for all the actors involved (provider, user and other stakeholders), evaluation in the service field is still focused on evaluating processes mainly from a provider perspective. A systemic vision determining the value of the overall service performance is missing. Considering evaluation as a process aimed at a critical analysis of data collected to support a judgment, with the purpose of triggering a change in what is being evaluated, the paper proposes a reflection within the value creation spheres based on three different evaluation moments (ex-ante, in-itinere, ex-post) and considering both a provider and a user perspective. The output consists of an evaluation model that reflects upon how to determine and evaluate value dimensions that are meaningful for the service provider in value-facilitation activities and for the service user in value-creation activities, thus gaining understanding of service value from both perspectives in the so called co-creation sphere. Research limitations/implications – The authors bridge service studies and evaluation studies to start approaching the concept of service evaluation as a further development of service logic. Originality/value – The paper faces the service evaluation issue from a service logic perspective, introducing a new topic in the field and a way to approach it thanks to a reflection upon the process of determination of service evaluation objects and value dimensions

Decay of muons generated by laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)This work reports identification of muons by their characteristic life-time of 2.20 μs after laser-induction of their precursor mesons, both kaons K± and KL 0 and pions π± in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0). The pair-production signal from scattered muons at a metal converter in front of a photo-multiplier detector is observed with its decay. The observed signal intensity is decreased by a metal beam-flag which intercepts the meson and muon flux to the detector. Using D(0), the observed decay time is (2.23 ± 0.05) μs in agreement with the free muon lifetime of 2.20 μs. This signal is apparently due to the preferential generation of positive muons. Using p(0), the observed decay time is in the range 1–2 μs, thus shorter than the free muon lifetime, as expected when the signal is mainly caused by negative muons which interact with matter by muon capture.This work was supported by GU Ventures AB, The Holding Company at University of GothenburgPeer Reviewe

Future interstellar rockets may use laser-induced annihilation reactions for relativistic drive

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)Interstellar probes and future interstellar travel will require relativistic rockets. The problem is that such a rocket drive requires that the rocket exhaust velocity from the fuel also is relativistic, since otherwise the rocket thrust is much too small: the total mass of the fuel will be so large that relativistic speeds cannot be reached in a reasonable time and the total mass of the rocket will be extremely large. Until now, no technology was known that would be able to give rocket exhaust at relativistic speed and a high enough momentum for relativistic travel. Here, a useful method for relativistic interstellar propulsion is described for the first time. This method gives exhaust at relativistic speeds and is a factor of at least one hundred better than normal fusion due to its increased energy output from the annihilation-like meson formation processes. It uses ordinary hydrogen as fuel so a return travel is possible after refuelling almost anywhere in space. The central nuclear processes have been studied in around 20 publications, which is considered to be sufficient evidence for the general properties. The nuclear processes give relativistic particles (kaons, pions and muons) by laser-induced annihilation-like processes in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0). The kinetic energy of the mesons is 1300 times larger than the energy of the laser pulse. This method is superior to the laser-sail method by several orders of magnitude and is suitable for large spaceships.Peer Reviewe