Blue is the fashion in Mediterranean pines: New drought signals from tree-ring density in southern Europe

Identificador de proyecto: Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101029581Long-term records of tree-ring width (TRW), latewood maximum density (MXD) and blue intensity (BI) measurements on conifers have been largely used to develop high-resolution temperature reconstructions in cool temperate forests. However, the potential of latewood blue intensity (LWBI), less commonly used earlywood blue intensity (EWBI), and delta (difference between EWBI and LWBI, dBI) blue intensity in Mediterranean tree species is still unexplored. Here we developed BI chronologies in moist-elevation limits of the most southwestern European distribution of Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanii Arnold. We tested whether BI variables derived from tree rings of black pine are better proxies than ring-width variables to reconstruct long-term changes in climatic factors and water availability. For this we applied correlations and regression analyses with daily and monthly climate data, a spatial and temporal drought index (Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index-SPEI) and Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD), as well as atmospheric circulation patterns: North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO). We found a positive relation between black pine growth (RW) and temperature during the winter preceding the growing season. Among all variables LWBI and dBI were found to be more sensitive than TRW to SPEI at low-elevation site, with EWBI series containing an opposite climatic signal. LWBI and dBI were significantly related to June and September precipitation at high-elevation site. Winter VPD was related with higher EWI and LWI series, whereas dBI and EWBI were related with January SOI and February NAO. We confirm the potential of long-term dBI series to reconstruct climate in drought-prone regions. This novel study in combination with other wood anatomical measurements has wide implications for further use of BI to understand and reconstruct environmental changes in Mediterranean conifer forests.Wageningen University & ResearchUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaUniversity of Amsterda

СПАЕЧНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС КАК ПРОБЛЕМА АБДОМИНАЛЬНОЙ ОПЕРАТИВНОЙ ОНКОЛОГИИ

Formation of intra-abdominal adhesions is a common consequence of abdominal surgery. Operative trauma is an essential component of any surgical intervention. This problem is particularly relevant in patients with intestinal obstruction resulting from a tumor, when it is necessary to perform reconstructive surgery after urgent obstructive resection of the colon. The review presents the data on current views of epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis as well as quantitative and qualitative classifications of intra-abdominal adhesions. The methods of prevention and diagnosis of abdominal adhesions have been discussed. The results of the effectiveness of the use of surgical, pharmacological and barrier methods for adhesion prevention have been presented.Спаечный процесс и борьба с его последствиями издавна занимают одно из ведущих мест в абдоминальной хирургии. Операционная травма является обязательной составляющей любого хирургического вмешательства. Особенно актуальна данная проблема у пациентов с кишечной непроходимостью опухолевого генеза, когда после проведенной обструктивной резекции толстой кишки необходимо проводить реконструктивно-восстановительные операции. В обзоре литературы представлены данные о современных представлениях об эпидемиологии, этиологии, патогенезе, количественной и качественной классификации спаечного процесса, способах диагностики, методах профилактики развития рубцово- спаечного процесса в брюшной полости. Представлены результаты эффективности использования хирургических, фармакологических и барьерных методов для профилактики спайкообразования.

Определение эффективности использования счета в качестве фМРТ-парадигмы при исследовании функциональных связей в норме для оценки управляющих функций мозга

Aim: to explore functional connectivity of the normal brain during Stroop test modification and new suggested counting test performance.Materials and methods. Data were acquired from 18 healthy volunteers who underwent fMRI examination on 3T scanner with Stroop test modification and new suggested counting test used as block paradigms.Results. Functional connectivity analysis showed involvement of similar regions but with different distribution of positive correlations between them: interhemispheric significant positive correlations during Stroop test modification performance were found between anterior insular cortex, interhemispheric significant positive correlations during counting test performance were found between dorsolateral prefrontal cortices bilaterally and inferior parietal cortices bilaterally. Different distribution of significant correlations could be due to specificity of tasks. Comparative analysis showed significantly higher positive correlations with occipital cortex during Stroop test performance.Conclusions. Received data allow alternative use of the abovementioned paradigms for executive functions investigation, with preference for counting test paradigm in patients with vision disturbances.Цель исследования: сравнительный анализ функциональных связей коры головного мозга при выполнении модификаций теста Струпа и теста счет про себя.Материал и методы. Исследование было проведено на 18 здоровых добровольцах, которым выполнялась фМРТ на 3 Тл магнитно-резонансном томографе с использованием двух блоковых парадигм: модификаций теста Струпа и теста счет про себя.Результаты. Анализ функциональных связей при обработке данных фМРТ показал, что, несмотря на вовлечение сходных структур, характер распределения связей отличается: при выполнении теста Струпа межполушарные связи наблюдались между передними отделами островка, а при счете про себя – латеральной префронтальной корой с обеих сторон и нижними отделами теменных долей с обеих сторон. Различия распределения связей обусловлены, вероятно, спецификой предложенных заданий. При сравнительном анализе корреляций парадигмы значимо отличались по связям со зрительной корой, которые были больше при выполнении модификации теста Струпа.Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о возможности эффективного альтернативного использования модификации теста счет про себя для оценки управляющих функций мозга, а также его преимуществах при обследовании пациентов с нарушениями зрения

The 2018 European heatwave led to stem dehydration but not to consistent growth reductions in forests

Heatwaves exert disproportionately strong and sometimes irreversible impacts on forest ecosystems. These impacts remain poorly understood at the tree and species level and across large spatial scales. Here, we investigate the effects of the record-breaking 2018 European heatwave on tree growth and tree water status using a collection of high-temporal resolution dendrometer data from 21 species across 53 sites. Relative to the two preceding years, annual stem growth was not consistently reduced by the 2018 heatwave but stems experienced twice the temporary shrinkage due to depletion of water reserves. Conifer species were less capable of rehydrating overnight than broadleaves across gradients of soil and atmospheric drought, suggesting less resilience toward transient stress. In particular, Norway spruce and Scots pine experienced extensive stem dehydration. Our high-resolution dendrometer network was suitable to disentangle the effects of a severe heatwave on tree growth and desiccation at large-spatial scales in situ, and provided insights on which species may be more vulnerable to climate extremes

The 2018 European heatwave led to stem dehydration but not to consistent growth reductions in forests

Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Heatwaves exert disproportionately strong and sometimes irreversible impacts on forest ecosystems. These impacts remain poorly understood at the tree and species level and across large spatial scales. Here, we investigate the effects of the record-breaking 2018 European heatwave on tree growth and tree water status using a collection of high-temporal resolution dendrometer data from 21 species across 53 sites. Relative to the two preceding years, annual stem growth was not consistently reduced by the 2018 heatwave but stems experienced twice the temporary shrinkage due to depletion of water reserves. Conifer species were less capable of rehydrating overnight than broadleaves across gradients of soil and atmospheric drought, suggesting less resilience toward transient stress. In particular, Norway spruce and Scots pine experienced extensive stem dehydration. Our high-resolution dendrometer network was suitable to disentangle the effects of a severe heatwave on tree growth and desiccation at large-spatial scales in situ, and provided insights on which species may be more vulnerable to climate extremes.Peer reviewe

Climate threats on growth of rear-edge European beech peripheral populations in Spain

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Iberian Peninsula are a clear example of a temperate forest tree species at the rear edge of its large distribution area in Europe. The expected drier and warmer climate may alter tree growth and species distribution. Consequently, the peripheral populations will most likely be the most threatened ones. Four peripheral beech forests in the Iberian Peninsula were studied in order to assess the climate factors influencing tree growth for the last six decades. The analyses included an individual tree approach in order to detect not only the changes in the sensitivity to climate but also the potential size-mediated sensitivity to climate. Our results revealed a dominant influence of previous and current year summer on tree growth during the last six decades, although the analysis in two equally long periods unveiled changes and shifts in tree sensitivity to climate. The individual tree approach showed that those changes in tree response to climate are not size dependent in most of the cases. We observed a reduced negative effect of warmer winter temperatures at some sites and a generalized increased influence of previous year climatic conditions on current year tree growth. These results highlight the crucial role played by carryover effects and stored carbohydrates for future tree growth and species persistence