Coaching educativo para las habilidades blandas en niños de IV ciclo en una institución educativa, Chiclayo

La presente investigación nace al observar en las escuelas a niños con problemas de sociabilización, incapaces de responder adecuadamente a una adversidad, era cotidiano ver niños insultarse, burlándose o simplemente ignorando al otro cuando tenían que realizar algo que no querían, por este motivo se tuvo como meta principal proponer un plan de coaching educativo de habilidades blandas para discentes del IV ciclo de una institución de Chiclayo, se empleó un tipo de investigación básico con un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, propositivo; entre los principales resultados tenemos que más de la mitad de la muestra no posee un nivel alto de habilidades sociales por lo que podemos decir que en su actuar muchas veces se responden a situaciones cotidianas y adversas de forma inadecuada, entre los resultados de las dimensiones tenemos que la dimensión referente a las habilidades emocionales es la que obtuvo puntajes más favorecedores; al finalizar el estudio se pudo concluir que la propuesta plan de coaching educativo de habilidades blandas fue validada por juicio de expertos, el diseño del plan de coaching educativo cumple con lo estipulado por post grado de la universidad y el 50% de alumnos cuentan con un nivel bajo de habilidades blandas

Secondhand smoke exposure assessment in outdoor hospitality venues across 11 European countries

Objective: Due to partial or poorly enforced restrictions secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) is still present in outdoor hospitality venues in many European countries. This study aimed to assess SHS concentrations in outdoor hospitality venues across Europe and identify contextual exposure determinants. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We measured airborne nicotine and evidence of tobacco use in terraces of bars, cafeterias, and pubs from 11 European countries in 2017-2018. Sites were selected considering area-level socioeconomic indicators and half were visited during nighttime. We noted the smell of smoke, presence of smokers, cigarette butts, ashtrays, and number of physical covers. Contextual determinants included national smoke-free policies for the hospitality sector, the Tobacco Control Scale score (2016), and the national smoking prevalence (2017-2018). We computed medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of nicotine concentrations and used multivariate analyses to characterize the exposure determinants. Results: Nicotine was present in 93.6% of the 220 sites explored. Overall concentrations were 0.85 (IQR:0.30-3.74) μg/m3 and increased during nighttime (1.45 IQR:0.65-4.79 μg/m3), in enclosed venues (2.97 IQR:0.80-5.80 μg/m3), in venues with more than two smokers (2.79 IQR:1.03-6.30 μg/m3), in venues in countries with total indoor smoking bans (1.20 IQR:0.47-4.85 μg/m3), and in venues in countries with higher smoking prevalence (1.32 IQR:0.49-5.34 μg/m3). In multivariate analyses, nicotine concentrations were also positively associated with the observed number of cigarette butts. In venues with more than two smokers, SHS levels did not significantly vary with the venues' degree of enclosure. Conclusions: Our results suggest that current restrictions in outdoor hospitality venues across Europe have a limited protective effect and justify the adoption of total smoking bans in outdoor areas of hospitality venues

Mejora en la promoción de actividades académicas especializadas y con perfil investigador en materia jurídica, económica y politológica en el ámbito de trabajo de Altos Estudios en Política y Buen Gobierno

Memoria ID-0124. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Seguros sanitarios y gasto público en España: un modelo de microsimulación para las políticas de gastos fiscales en sanidad

En el presente trabajo se pone de manifiesto -a través del uso de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 1997, y mediante un modelo microeconométrico de decisión multinomial- cómo las situaciones de doble cobertura sanitaria (pública y privada) están asociadas a menor probabilidad de uso de los servicios públicos en favor de los privados. A partir de este resultado, se evalúan en términos monetarios distintos escenarios de posesión de doble cobertura mediante un modelo de microsimulación. El modelo propuesto configura la parte asociada al beneficio en un hipotético modelo de análisis coste-beneficio de políticas que incentiven a través del sistema fiscal, la adquisición de pólizas de seguro sanitario privado

Socio-economic inequalities in health in Catalonia

In this paper we measure the degree of socio economic inequality in both mental health and general health for the Catalan population. We find that income is the main contributor to inequality, especially in the case of mental health. The regional variations in both health measures are striking, with the Barcelona districts faring relatively bad and Lleida being the region where the population reports the greatest level of health all else held equal. A big share of inequality in the two health measures is due to the favourable position in both health and income of those who enjoy an indefinite contract. We also find that risky working conditions affect both health measures and explain an important share of socio-economic inequality

Health shocks, employment and income in the Spanish labour markets

This paper investigates the relationship between health shocks and labour outcomes in the Spanish population using the European Community Household Panel. In order to control for the nonexperimental nature of the data we use matching techniques. Our results suggest that there is a significant effect running from health to the probability of employment and to labour income. Moreover, while we cannot investigate the influence of childhood events and other phenomena that trigger long run causal pathways from socio-economic status to health, we are able to find a significant reduction in the probability of reporting good health in individuals who transit out of employment in comparison with individuals who are otherwise identical in terms of reported health status at the time of the transition.health shocks; unemployment; matching; Spain.

¿Condicionan las características estructurales de la empresa su estrategia de gestión del conocimiento?

Las empresas empiezan a comprender las ventajas de una adecuada gestión del conocimiento (GC); sin embargo, todavía existe cierta confusión en su implantación. A partir de la revisión de la literatura y de un estudio previo de casos, se formula un modelo teórico que plantea la correspondencia entre la estrategia de GC y determinadas características estructurales de la empresa (tamaño, antigüedad, sector y dispersión geográfica). Para la contrastación del modelo teórico se usó una muestra de 310 empresas. Estas compañías presentan diferencias en sus estrategias de GC según el sector al que pertenecen, su tamaño y su dispersión geográfica. También se demuestra que las empresas emplean simultáneamente más de una estrategia para gestionar el conocimiento y el protagonismo de la estrategia de personalización