La grammaire : sa place dans l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues et sa demarche (Reseña crítica)

Páginas: 140-151.Nos últimos anos, houve algumas discussões sobre gramática como uma ferramenta importante que não deve ser esquecida ou rejeitada em aulas de língua estrangeira. Assim, hoje falamos sobre a diferença entre aprendizagem gramatical e aprendizagem gramatica lizado. O primeiro refere-se à tendência para o método tradicional de aprender uma linguagem, que consiste em memorizar regras para construir sentenças corretas; nessa tendência o aprendiz está ao serviço da gramática. Atualmente, com o trabalho realizado pelo European Common Framework, temos uma outra ideia de gramática e seu ensino, porque este componente gramatical está ao serviço daqueles que aprendem a linguagem. Assim, os processos de ensino da linguagem também mudam sua perspectiva e consideram as necessidades dos aprendentes e falam sobre metodologias que satisfazem diferentes gostos e maneiras de aprender.Over the last few years, there has been some debate on the role of grammar in the foreign language classroom, as an important tool that must not be forgotten or rejected. That is why a distinction has been made between grammar and grammaticalized learning. The former makes reference to the tendency towards a traditional language learning method that consists in memorizing rules to write correct sentences; thus subjugating the learner to grammar. The latter has to do with a more contemporary approach, based on a different conception of grammar and its learning process, according to the Common European Framework, in which grammar is at the service of the learner. In this way, language teaching methods also change perspective, considering the needs of the learners, and new methodologies are proposed to satisfy different tastes and ways of learning.Durante los últimos años ha habido algunas discusiones acerca de la gramática como herramienta importante que no debe ser olvidada o rechazada en las clases de lengua extranjera. Así, hoy se habla de la diferencia entre aprendizaje gramatical y aprendizaje gramaticalizado. El primero hace referencia a la tendencia hacia el método tradicional de aprendizaje de una lengua, que consiste en memorizar reglas para construir oraciones correctas; en esta tendencia el aprendiz está al servicio de la gramática. Actualmente, con el trabajo llevado a cabo por el Marco Común Europeo, se tiene otra idea de la gramática y de su enseñanza, pues este componente gramatical está al servicio de quien aprende la lengua. De ahí que los procesos de enseñanza de la lengua cambian también su perspectiva y consideran las necesidades de los aprendices y se habla de metodologías que satisfacen diferentes gustos y maneras de aprender.Bibliografía: página 151.Artículo de reflexión revisado por pares académicos

Impacto del número de controles periódicos en la salud bucal de los pacientes atendidos en la Clínica de Odontopediatría

La Clínica de Odontopediatría desarrolla un modelo de atención con énfasis en promoción, educación y rehabilitación destacándose su control y mantenimiento. No hay información sobre el impacto de los controles periódico

Asignatura de centro biosanitario: Implicaciones del género en la salud

Memoria ID12-0105. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013

Informe de distribución espacial de características geomorfológicas y sedimentarias del sector meridional del LIC ESZZ15002 Espacio marino del oriente y sur de Lanzarote-Fuerteventura

En este informe se presenta una caracterización morfosedimentaria y estructural del margen sur de Fuerteventura, nueva y ampliada, que ha supuesto un beneficio para el estudio de las características morfológicas y de los hábitats bentónicos del margen sur de Fuerteventura. Para ello se ha realizado el reprocesado de los datos batimétricos y de reflectividad disponibles en la zona, que ha permitido mejorar su resolución y calidad, y ampliar de manera considerable la zona de estudio en relación a la estudiada en el proyecto anterior LIFE+INDEMARES. Los datos batimétricos se han interpretado junto con los registros de sonda paramétrica de alta resolución y los datos sedimentológicos (granulometría, mineralogía, contenido en materia orgánica y carbonatos) y petrológicos (tipo de roca) de muestras del fondo marino obtenidas durante en el proyecto LIFE+INDEMARES. Entre los tipos morfológicos cartografiados en la zona abundan los rasgos estructurales y erosivos, pero también existen rasgos deposicionales y biogénicos a lo largo de toda el área de estudio. Además se han identificado varios conos volcánicos situados a lo largo del talud. Las muestras de sedimento recuperadas se sitúan preferentemente en el techo del Banco de Amanay y en la zona de El Banquete, corresponden, fundamentalmente, a sedimentos gruesos de tipo arena-arena gravosa y en menor medida arena fangosa, con alto contenido en carbonato. Por su parte, dentro del material rocoso predominan las rocas volcánicas, principalmente los basaltos olivínicos, y las rocas carbonatadas ferruginosas. Entre las principales carencias identificadas, que podrían ser consideradas como una actividad futura para la mejora del conocimiento de la zona, destaca la ausencia de (1) una malla apropiada de registros de sonda paramétrica, ya que los existentes se centran en el techo del Banco de Amanay y en El Banquete, dejando las zonas profundas sin estudiar; y (2) una distribución adecuada de los muestreos de sedimento, ya que como en el punto anterior, las muestras recuperadas se limitan, fundamentalmente al techo del Banco de Amanay y El Banquete, dejando muchas áreas sin explorar. Esta escasez de muestras no permite un calibrado suficientemente correcto de los datos de reflectividad que son clave en la realización de modelos de predicción de hábitat.This report presents a new and expanded morphosedimentary and structural characterization of the southern margin of Fuerteventura. The multibeam data (bathymetry and backscatter) available in the study area have been reprocessed, and high resolution parametric profiles, sedimentological (grain size, mineralogy, organic matter, and carbonate content) and petrological (type of rock) data have been integrated to achieve a more complete approach. The reprocessing of bathymetric data has substantially improved the resolution and quality of the data, and the addition of data from previous projects (ZEE project) has allowed to extend the study area. All this new information provides a benefit to the study of the morphological characteristics and the benthic habitats from the south of Fuerteventura area. Among the morphological types mapped in the study area, structural and erosive features are frequent, but depositional and biogenic features also appear in the whole area. Moreover, several volcanic cones have been mapped along the slope. Sediment samples retrieved at the study area, mostly located at the top of the Amanay Bank and El Banquete, correspond to coarse sediments as sand-gravelly sand and, in a lesser extent, with muddy sand of high carbonate content. The analysis from the rock samples indicates the presence of both volcanic (mainly olivine basalts) and carbonate (ferruginous) rocks. We identify two shortcomings in this study: (1) the absence of a suitable grid of high resolution sub-bottom profiles, since the available records are limited to the top of Amanay Bank and El Banquete area and, (2) the absence of a spatially more homogeneous and intensive grid for surficial sediment samples; this makes impossible to obtain a good calibration between the sediment samples and the backscatter data. For these reasons, we strongly recommend future activities to improve the knowledge of the area with a more detailed geophysical and sedimentological study, which will result in better habitat prediction models.Fondos LIFE, Comisión Europea. Fundación Biodiversidad. LIFE IP-PAF INTEMARE

Durabilidad del Concreto en Ambiente Urbanos y Urnbano/Marinos de México y España

Trabajo presentado en el III Congreso Nacional ALCONPAT (Asociación Latinoamericana de Control de Calidad, Patología y Recuperación de la Construcción), celebrado en Caracas (Venezuela), en noviembre de 200

On-line breath analysis of volatile organic compounds as a method for colorectal cancer detection

Background: Analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath is an emerging approach for cancer diagnosis, but little is known about its potential use as a biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated whether a combination of VOCs could distinct CRC patients from healthy volunteers. Methods: In a pilot study, we prospectively analyzed breath exhalations of 38 CRC patient and 43 healthy controls all scheduled for colonoscopy, older than 50 in the average-risk category. The samples were ionized and analyzed using a Secondary ElectroSpray Ionization (SESI) coupled with a Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (SESI-MS). After a minimum of 2 hours fasting, volunteers deeply exhaled into the system. Each test requires three soft exhalations and takes less than ten minutes. No breath condensate or collection are required and VOCs masses are detected in real time, also allowing for a spirometric profile to be analyzed along with the VOCs. A new sampling system precludes ambient air from entering the system, so background contamination is reduced by an overall factor of ten. Potential confounding variables from the patient or the environment that could interfere with results were analyzed. Results: 255 VOCs, with masses ranging from 30 to 431 Dalton have been identified in the exhaled breath. Using a classification technique based on the ROC curve for each VOC, a set of 9 biomarkers discriminating the presence of CRC from healthy volunteers was obtained, showing an average recognition rate of 81.94%, a sensitivity of 87.04% and specificity of 76.85%. Conclusions: A combination of cualitative and cuantitative analysis of VOCs in the exhaled breath could be a powerful diagnostic tool for average-risk CRC population. These results should be taken with precaution, as many endogenous or exogenous contaminants could interfere as confounding variables. On-line analysis with SESI-MS is less time-consuming and doesn’t need sample preparation. We are recruiting in a new pilot study including breath cleaning procedures and spirometric analysis incorporated into the postprocessing algorithms, to better control for confounding variables

Distribución de líneas mitocondriales en la población española: anticipándonos a los estudios de asociación

The genetic variation in mtDNA has been widely used to give a maternal genetic perspective of the human demographic history. Here, we have studied this variability in 686 samples coming from the Centre and North of Spain. These results showed that haplogroup frequencies were similar to other Spanish studies and European populations. Haplogroups from the HV lineage were over-represented in the Spanish population. A deeper analysis of the mitochondrial haplogroup U showed differences with Northern Europe populations. The frequencies of haplogroups found give them high valour when experimental design for mitochondrial disorder studies in population is planted. In addition, the use of these data is also important for forensic studies.La variación genética en el mtDNA ha sido ampliamente utilizada para dar una perspectiva de la historia demográfica humana. En este estudio, nosotros hemos analizado esta variabilidad en 686 muestras del Centro y Norte de España. La frecuencia de los haplogrupos en la población española es muy similar a la observada en otros estudios sobre esta población y a las frecuencias en las poblaciones europeas. Un análisis más profundo del haplogrupo mitocondrial U mostró diferencias con las poblaciones del norte de Europa. El conocimiento de la distribución de frecuencias de los haplogrupos en nuestra población supone un resultado importante para el diseño de estudios sobre enfemedades mitocondriales. Además, nuestros resultados son también importantes en los estudios forenses

Automatic classification of Candida species using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning

One of the problems that most affect hospitals is infections by pathogenic microorganisms. Rapid identification and adequate, timely treatment can avoid fatal consequences and the development of antibiotic resistance, so it is crucial to use fast, reliable, and not too laborious techniques to obtain quick results. Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for molecular analysis, meeting these requirements better than traditional techniques. In this work, we have used Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms to explore the automatic identification of eleven species of the genus Candida, the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. The Raman spectra were obtained from more than 220 different measurements of dried drops from pure cultures of each Candida species using a Raman Confocal Microscope with a 532 nm laser excitation source. After developing a spectral preprocessing methodology, a study of the quality and variability of the measured spectra at the isolate and species level, and the spectral features contributing to inter-class variations, showed the potential to discriminate between those pathogenic yeasts. Several machine learning and deep learning algorithms were trained using hyperparameter optimization techniques to find the best possible classifier for this spectral data, in terms of accuracy and lowest possible overfitting. We found that a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1-D CNN) could achieve above 80 % overall accuracy for the eleven classes spectral dataset, with good generalization capabilities.This work was supported by the R + D projects INNVAL19/17 (funded by Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL), PID2019-107270RB-C21 (funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033) and by Plan Nacional de I + D + and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0007), CIBERINFEC (CB21/13/00068), CIBER-BBN (BBNGC1601), cofinanced by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”. A. A. O.-S was financially supported by the Miguel Servet II program (ISCIII-CPII17-00011)

Utilización del maniquí de alta afinidad SinMan3G para adquisición de habilidades en el Grado en Medicina

Memoria ID-0185. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Serological reactivity against T. cruzi-derived antigens: Evaluation of their suitability for the assessment of response to treatment in chronic Chagas disease.

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects more than 6 million people worldwide. Following a mostly asymptomatic acute phase, the disease progresses to a long-lasting chronic phase throughout which life-threatening disorders to the heart and/or gastrointestinal tract will manifest in about 30% of those chronically infected. During the chronic phase, the parasitemia is low and intermittent, while a high level of anti-T. cruzi antibodies persist for years. These two features hamper post-chemotherapeutic follow-up of patients with the tools available. The lack of biomarkers for timely assessment of therapeutic response discourages a greater use of the two available anti-parasitic drugs, and complicates the evaluation of new drugs in clinical trials. Herein, we investigated in a blinded case-control study the serological reactivity over time of a group of parasite-derived antigens to potentially address follow up of T. cruzi chronically infected subjects after treatment. We tested PFR2, KMP11, HSP70, 3973, F29 and the InfYnity multiplexed antigenic array, by means of serological assays on a multi-national retrospective collection of samples. Some of the antigens exhibited promising results, underscoring the need for further studies to determine their potential role as treatment response biomarkers.We thank Dr. A. Egui, Dr A. Fernández-Villegas and A. López-Barajas from IPBLNsingle bondCSIC (Granada, Spain), Carme Subirá from ISGlobal (Barcelona, Spain), and Suelene B. N. Tavares from Hospital das Clínicas (Goiás, Brazil) for their technical assistance. We also want to thank Dr. B. Carrilero from Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia, Spain), Dr. Dayse E.C. de Oliveira from Hospital das Clínicas (Goiás, Brazil), and Dr. Raúl Chadi from Hospital General de Agudos “Dr. I. Pirovano” for their clinical follow up of patients. ISGlobal authors thanks the support by the Departament d'Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (AGAUR; 2017SGR00924), funding by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III project PI18/01054 and RICET Network for Cooperative Research in Tropical Diseases (RD12/0018/0010) and FEDER, and the support to ISGlobal from the Spanish Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023″ Program (CEX2018–000806-S), and from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. IPBLN work was financially supported by grants SAF2016–81003-R and SAF2016–80998-R from the Programa Estatal I + D + i (MINECO) and ISCIII RICET (RD16/0027/0005) and FEDER. MJP research is supported by the Ministry of Health, Government of Catalunya (PERIS 2016–2010 SLT008/18/00132). TAJ thanks the support of Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnologico (CNPq/ 313011/2018–4) and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/MS (25380.001603/2017–89). Authors also thank Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative and Fundacion Mundo Sano for financial support. For this project, DNDi received financial support from the following donors: UK Aid, UK; Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS), The Netherlands; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Switzerland; Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), International. The donors had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript