Impact of mining activity in ecosystems of paramo at ecological level: a review

18 páginas.Se realizó una revisión de la afectación de las actividades mineras en los ecosistemas de paramo los cuales presentan características particulares que permiten el desarrollo y supervivencia de especies endémicas, además prestan importantes servicios ambientales que se ven alterados por los impactos generados por los procesos de extracción minera y que modifican las dinámicas propias del ecosistema. Con base en información bibliográfica se estudió el concepto de paramo y sus factores ecológicos principales, se revisó el proceso minero en este ecosistema para Colombia, se estudiaron los componentes afectados por las actividades mineras y se identificaron acciones que de alguna forma mitigan los impactos de dichas actividades. Se encontró que en Colombia los páramos son ecosistemas de protección prioritaria y que existe una normatividad para el resguardo de los mismos. Las acciones para la mitigación de impactos y la restauración del ecosistema tienen en cuenta labores para cada fase de operación y buscan minimizar la perdida de los componentes del ecosistema, asegurando la persistencia en la prestación de los servicios ambientales, así como la conservación de las especies que habitan allí.A review was made of the impact of mining activities on the paramo ecosystems which have particular characteristics that allow the development and survival of endemic species, as well as providing important environmental services that are altered by the impacts generated by extraction processes that modify the dynamics of the ecosystem. Based on bibliographic information, the concept of paramo and its main ecological factors were studied, the mining process in this ecosystem for Colombia was reviewed, components affected by mining activities were studied as well, and actions that in some way mitigate the impacts of these activities were identified. It was found that in Colombia the paramo ecosystems are a priority in protection themes and that there are a regulation for their protection. The actions for the mitigation of impacts and the restoration of the ecosystem consider assignments for each phase of operation and seek to minimize the loss of the components of the ecosystem, ensuring the persistence in the provision of environmental services, as well as the conservation of the species that live there

Dieta de Pomacea canaliculata (gastropoda: ampullariidae) en su hábitat natural basada en análisis de contenidos digestivos e isótopos estables

Pomacea canaliculata es una especie nativa de la Cuenca del Río de la Plata, actualmente considerada invasora en el Sur y Este de Asia donde fue introducida con fines comerciales y se ha convertido en la principal plaga de los cultivos de arroz de la región.Realizar más investigaciones en el hábitat natural de este organismo es necesario debido a que características fundamentales de su ecología trófica permanecen aún desconocidas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la dieta de P. canaliculata en su hábitat natural mediante los análisis de contenidos digestivos e isótopos estables de 13C y 15N. Las muestras biológicas fueron tomadas desde noviembre de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2010 en el arroyo Carnaval, un arroyo pampeano característico. Las muestras para análisis de isótopos estables y posterior aplicación de modelos de mezcla fueron colectadas en noviembre de 2011. La aplicación de un diagrama de estrategia trófica permitió establecer una dieta generalista con elevado consumo de detritos, seguidos por plantas vasculares y algas. Los resultados del modelo de mezcla, sin embargo, indicaron que la contribución relativa a la dieta de todos los recursos basales evaluados (materia orgánica particulada fina y gruesa, epipelon y macrófitas acuáticas) fue similar (aproximadamente 40 %). Estos resultados evidenciaron una fuerte plasticidad dietaria para la especie.Pomacea canaliculata is native to Rio de la Plata basin, and it is invasive in most of South and Southeast Asia after accidental introduction during unsuccessful attempts to establish commercial aquaculture of this species, and being present, the number one pest of rice crops in the region. Investigations in its native habitat are still needed because fundamental issues of its trophic ecology remain unknown. The aim of this research was to study the diet of P. canaliculata in its natural habitat through gut content techniques and stable isotopes of 13C and 15N. Biological samples were taken from November 2009 to December 2010 in Carnaval stream, a characteristic Pampean stream. Samples for stable isotopes of 13C and 15N using of a mixing model were collected in November 2011. The trophic strategy diagram evinced a generalist diet with high consumption of detritus followed by the vascular plants and algae. The mixing model results indicated that the relative contribution to the diet was similar for all basal resources: fine and coarse particulate organic matter, epipelon and aquatic macrophytes (approximately 40 %). These results evidenced a strong dietary plasticity for the species.Fil: López Van Oosterom, Maria Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Ocon, Carolina Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Rodrigues Capitulo, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentin

Reação de clones de cajueiro-anão a isolados de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides em ambiente controlado

The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) crop is an important source of income for the population of the Brazilian Northeast, and anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides leads to significant production loss. However, there is little information on either the host resistance or the variation in the aggressiveness of the pathogen under controlled environment. The reaction of commercial (CCP-06, CCP-09, CCP-76 and CCP-1001) and one non-commercial (CAP-14) dwarf cashew clones was assessed against 36 isolates of this fungus controlled environmental conditions. All the isolates, including those from hosts other than cashew, were able to cause lesions on leaves and stems of most clones, albeit to different degrees. Clone CCP-06 was the most susceptible, while clone CCP-1001 showed a level of resistance to a number of the isolates, including isolate 905, while isolates 910 and 912 were aggressive to all clones. Injury increased the susceptibility of the clones to all isolates, indicating that resistance also might be associated with structural barriers that hinder penetration. Ripened cashew apples (8-week-old), of commercial clones were susceptible to isolates 905 and 910. Immature pseudo-fruits (2-week-old), with exception of clone CCP-76 which was susceptible to both isolates showed resistance against these isolates, suggesting the presence of structural and chemical barriers. Developed nuts (8-week-old), however, were more resistant than immature nuts (2-week-old) to both isolates, probably due to their thicker exocarp cuticle and reduced number of stomatal pores.A cultura de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) é uma fonte de renda importante para a população do Nordeste brasileiro, sendo a antracnose causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides a doença que mais conduz a perdas de sua produção. Entretanto, há pouca informação para a resistência desse hospedeiro ou para a variação na agressividade do patógeno em ambiente controlado. A reação de clones comerciais (CCP-06, CCP-09, CCP-76 e CCP-1001) e um não comercial (CAP-14) de cajueiros anão-precoce, contra 36 isolados desse fungo, foi avaliada sob condições controladas. Todos os isolados, incluindo os provenientes de diferentes hospedeiros, foram capazes de causar lesões sobre folhas e hastes da maioria dos clones, ainda que em graus diferenciados. O clone CCP-06 foi o mais suscetível, enquanto o clone CCP-1001 foi resistente a mais isolados, incluindo o 905, enquanto os isolados 910 e 912 foram agressivos a todos os clones testados. A injúria mecânica das folhas aumentou a suscetibilidade dos clones a todos os isolados, indicando que a resistência pode também estar associada a barreiras estruturais que impedem a penetração. Os pseudofrutos amadurecidos (8 semanas) dos clones comerciais avaliados, foram suscetíveis a ambos os isolados testados (905 e 910), mas os jovens (2 semanas), com exceção daqueles do clone CCP-76, suscetíveis aos dois isolados, apresentaram resistência a ambos, sugerindo a ação de obstáculos estruturais e químicos diferenciados. As castanhas desenvolvidas (8 semanas), no entanto, foram mais resistentes a ambos os isolados do que as jovens (2 semanas), talvez devido à espessa cutícula do exocarpo e baixo número de estômatos

Synthesis and study of biological activity of tetrahydro-1H-[3]-benzazepines

The 3-Benzazepines are an important class of compounds in drug discovery due to their biological activity such as analgesic, antihypertensive or anticancer properties as well as dopaminergic or antidopaminergic activity. In particular, the tetrahydro-1H-[3]- benzazepine is a common skeleton in a number of natural and pharmaceutical products. As consequence of the interesting biological properties, derivatives of the tetrahydro-1H-[3]-benzazepines, especially the 1-aryl substituted have been synthesized by different routes and evaluated their pharmacologic activity. [1,2] The stereoselective synthetic approaches of tetrahydro-1H-[3]-benzazepine have focused on ring enlargements, as the Stevens rearrangement (SR) which is a good regio- and diastereoselective synthetic methodology. In my research group, the reaction conditions to synthesize tetrahydro-1H-[3]-benzazepines 1,2-disubstituted by via SR from tetrahydroisoquinolinium salts conveniently functionalized have been optimized. [3,4] This methodology allowed us to obtain a wide variety of tetrahydro-1H-[3]- benzazepines 1,2-disubstituted with different substituents at A-ring (Cl, OMe) and the C-1 (-C6H4X, X = H, OMe, Cl, NO2, NMe2, NH2, SMe) and C-2 (Electron-withdrawing groups) positions. The demethylation of the synthesized tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro-1H-[3]-benzazepines 1,2-disubstituted, lead us to get catechol structure, an important requirement for their dopaminergic activity. We have studied the dopaminergic activity of the synthesized compounds by radioligand binding assays, establishing a structure-activity relationships. Literature: [1] A. Gini, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2016, 358, 4049. [2] H. Damsen, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 36, 7880. [3] M. Valpuesta, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 4393. [4] M. Ariza, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 32, 6507.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Synthesis of bioactive compounds. Studies of their attachment to nanoparticles

The 1-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines have attracted great attention in medicinal chemistry due to their biological activity. These compounds present antitumor, anti-HIV and antibacterial activities. Several analogues of 1-aryl tetrahydroisoquinoline are used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson´s and Alzheimer´s diseases since also act as dopaminergic antagonists and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. [1] The 1-substituted tetrahydro-3-benzazepines have also been studied for their affinity to the Phencylclidine binding site of the NMDA receptor as well as for their affinity to the dopaminergic receptors. [2] In the last years, various methods have been carried out to satisfy the demand of novel tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro-3-benzazepines. We have synthesized nor-1-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines with different substituents in the aryl group of C-1 (H, NMe2, SMe, NO2, NH2). In addition to this, we have performed the synthesis of nor-tetrahydro-3-benzazepinas by different routes, obtaining the best results via opening of epoxides by arylphenethylamines and subsequent cyclization. The nor-tetrahydroisoquinolines and nor-tetrahydro-3-benzazepines have been derivatized to obtain appropiate adsorbates which can be attached to nanoparticles. This fact is crutial in drug delivery systems as well as in the improvement of the biocompatibility of these compounds. Literature: [1] Toshiaki Saitoh, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2006, 41, 241. Mattias Ludwig, Eur. J. Med. 2006, 41, 1003. [2] Olaf Krull, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2004, 12, 1439.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) para Pequeñas y Medianas Entidades (PYmes) : Aplicación contable de NIIF para Pymes según sección 34 y actividades especiales de acuerdo a las mactividades agricolas de lae empresa Ganaderos Internacionales R.L. en el periodo del primer semestre del año 2015

Mediante el presente trabajo se logro reforzar los conocimientos y habilidades adquiridos en la clase de contabilidad agropecuaria, los cuales que fueron puestos en práctica en el momento de realizar nuestro seminario de graduación ya que el tema que seleccionamos fueron las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) para pequeñas y medianas entidades (PYMES) y como subtema la sección 34 Actividades Especiales, subtema dirigido a la actividad agrícola y relacionado a activos biológicos, tema muy importante porque prescribe entre otras cosas el tratamiento contable de los activos biológicos a lo largo de periodo de desarrollo, degradación, producción y procreación. En la práctica de dicha sección se consiguió procesar y analizar de manera correcta los costos que se generan al momento de mantener a los animales en cada etapa de su crecimiento. Abordamos de manera colectiva las generalidades de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera para pequeñas y medianas entidades mediante el estudio de la NIIF como tal, exponiendo sus antecedentes, conceptos, importancia, y beneficios que trajo para las Pyme. Se perfecciono dicho estudio para lograr analizar de forma correcta la aplicación de la sección 34,en lo que refiere al tratamiento contable de los activos biológicos donde llevamos a cabo investigaciones externas para reforzar nuestro conocimiento y que mediante ello pudiéramos reconocer los elementos que infieren en la producción; con la ayuda de la entrevista que se le realizo a un ingeniero en zootecnia se pudo lograr dicho objetivo. El caso práctico se desarrollo en la empresa Ganaderos Internacionales, R.L., cual se dedica a la cría y venta de ganado brahmán, empresa en la que situamos todos nuestros conocimientos mostrando el transcurso de la transformación biológica y el procesamiento de sus costos incurridos en el proceso de crecimiento del ganado, se logro analizar el tratamiento utilizado para la contabilización de los mismos, se alcanzo con ello cumplir con nuestros objetivos, realizando distribución de los costos totales incurridos los cuales fueron distribuidos mediante porcentajes definidos según la cantidad de animales que había en cada una de las categorías

Cure models to estimate time until hospitalization due to COVID-19

This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02311-8[Abstract]: A short introduction to survival analysis and censored data is included in this paper. A thorough literature review in the field of cure models has been done. An overview on the most important and recent approaches on parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric mixture cure models is also included. The main nonparametric and semiparametric approaches were applied to a real time dataset of COVID-19 patients from the first weeks of the epidemic in Galicia (NW Spain). The aim is to model the elapsed time from diagnosis to hospital admission. The main conclusions, as well as the limitations of both the cure models and the dataset, are presented, illustrating the usefulness of cure models in this kind of studies, where the influence of age and sex on the time to hospital admission is shown.MPL activity was funded by the Science, Technology, and Innovation Plan of the Principality of Asturias (Spain) Ref: FC-GRUPIN-IDI/2018/000225, which is part-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). ALC was sponsored by the BEATRIZ GALINDO JUNIOR Spanish Grant from MICINN (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) with reference BGP18/00154. RC and ALC acknowledge partial support by the MINECO grant MTM2017-82724-R, and by the Xunta de Galicia: Grupos de Referencia Competitiva ED431C-2020-14, Centro de Investigación del Sistema universitario de Galicia ED431G 2019/01, and Axencia Galega de Innovación (Ayudas proyectos de investigación COVID-19 presentados a la convocatoria del ISCIII IN845D 2020/26 - Programa Operativo FEDER Galicia 2014-2020), all of them through the ERDF.Gobierno del Principado de Asturias; FC-GRUPIN-IDI/2018/000225Xunta de Galicia; ED431C-2020-14Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/0

Fractal properties of correlated invasion percolation patterns

We present results on Monte Carlo simulations for invasion percolation with trapping considering the presence of spatial size correlations, a problem which is relevant to multiphase flow in field scale of porous media. The correlations are generated through the dual site bond model, characterized by a spatial correlation length r0, which depends on the overlap between site and bond distributions. Our results indicate that in two-dimensional lattices the fractal dimension of the sample-spanning cluster, is non-universal and vary with the correlation. Comparison with other authors recent findings is presented.Fil: López, Raúl Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Vidales, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Zgrablich, G.. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Méxic

Cure models to estimate time until hospitalization due to COVID-19

A short introduction to survival analysis and censored data is included in this paper. A thorough literature review in the field of cure models has been done. An overview on the most important and recent approaches on parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric mixture cure models is also included. The main nonparametric and semiparametric approaches were applied to a real time dataset of COVID-19 patients from the first weeks of the epidemic in Galicia (NW Spain). The aim is to model the elapsed time from diagnosis to hospital admission. The main conclusions, as well as the limitations of both the cure models and the dataset, are presented, illustrating the usefulness of cure models in this kind of studies, where the influence of age and sex on the time to hospital admission is shown.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure