Selvregulering og mestring sett fra barnets perspektiv

Master's thesis in Special educationDenne studien har selvregulering og mestring som overordnet tema. Forskningsspørsmålet er: Hvilke tanker og meninger har barn i 1. Klasse om selvregulering og mestring? Selvregulering er et begrep som tidligere gjerne har vært mer kjent innen psykologi, og da som eksekutive funksjoner. Det er først de senere årene at pedagogikken har begynt å se viktigheten og betydningen av selvregulering som underliggende lærings- og mestringsfaktor. Internasjonal forskning viser til en betydelig sammenheng mellom barns evne til selvregulering i tidlige år og senere akademiske og sosiale ferdigheter. Det har vært lite forsket på barns selvregulering i Norge, til tross for at vi har vært vitne til økt fokus på å elevenes akademiske kunnskaper. Jeg ønsket med denne studien å bidra til mer forskning om selvregulering og mestring og dets betydning for barn i skolen. Fordi jeg har erfaring med, og tro på, at en best legger til rette et læringsmiljø for barn, ved å knytte sammen tidligere teori med hva barna selv opplever og erfarer, har jeg valgt å bruke barnets perspektiv i denne studien

Global surgery, obstetric, and anaesthesia indicator definitions and reporting: An Utstein consensus report

Background Indicators to evaluate progress towards timely access to safe surgical, anaesthesia, and obstetric (SAO) care were proposed in 2015 by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery. These aimed to capture access to surgery, surgical workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality rate, and catastrophic and impoverishing financial consequences of surgery. Despite being rapidly taken up by practitioners, data points from which to derive the indicators were not defined, limiting comparability across time or settings. We convened global experts to evaluate and explicitly define—for the first time—the indicators to improve comparability and support achievement of 2030 goals to improve access to safe affordable surgical and anaesthesia care globally. Methods and findings The Utstein process for developing and reporting guidelines through a consensus building process was followed. In-person discussions at a 2-day meeting were followed by an iterative process conducted by email and virtual group meetings until consensus was reached. The meeting was held between June 16 to 18, 2019; discussions continued until August 2020. Participants consisted of experts in surgery, anaesthesia, and obstetric care, data science, and health indicators from high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Considering each of the 6 indicators in turn, we refined overarching descriptions and agreed upon data points needed for construction of each indicator at current time (basic data points), and as each evolves over 2 to 5 (intermediate) and >5 year (full) time frames. We removed one of the original 6 indicators (one of 2 financial risk protection indicators was eliminated) and refined descriptions and defined data points required to construct the 5 remaining indicators: geospatial access, workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality, and catastrophic expenditure. A strength of the process was the number of people from global institutes and multilateral agencies involved in the collection and reporting of global health metrics; a limitation was the limited number of participants from low- or middle-income countries—who only made up 21% of the total attendees. Conclusions To track global progress towards timely access to quality SAO care, these indicators—at the basic level—should be implemented universally as soon as possible. Intermediate and full indicator sets should be achieved by all countries over time. Meanwhile, these evolutions can assist in the short term in developing national surgical plans and collecting more detailed data for research studies.publishedVersio

Allotetraploid Origin and Divergence in Eleusine (Chloridoideae, Poaceae): Evidence from Low-copy Nuclear Gene Phylogenies and a Plastid Gene Chronogram

Background and Aims: Eleusine (Poaceae) is a small genus of the subfamily Chloridoideae exhibiting considerable morphological and ecological diversity in East Africa and the Americas. The interspecific phylogenetic relationships of Eleusine are investigated in order to identify its allotetraploid origin, and a chronogram is estimated to infer temporal relationships between palaeoenvironment changes and divergence of Eleusine in East Africa. Methods: Two low-copy nuclear (LCN) markers, Pepc4 and EF-1a, were analysed using parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian approaches. A chronogram of Eleusine was inferred from a combined data set of six plastid DNA markers (ndhA intron, ndhF, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) using the Bayesian dating method. Key Results: The monophyly of Eleusine is strongly supported by sequence data from two LCN markers. In the cpDNA phylogeny, three tetraploid species (E. africana, E. coracana and E. kigeziensis) share a common ancestor with the E. indica–E. tristachya clade, which is considered a source of maternal parents for allotetraploids. Two homoeologous loci are isolated from three tetraploid species in the Pepc4 phylogeny, and the maternal parents receive further support. The A-type EF-1a sequences possess three characters, i.e. a large number of variations of intron 2; clade E-A distantly diverged from clade E-B and other diploid species; and seven deletions in intron 2, implying a possible derivation through a gene duplication event. The crown age of Eleusine and the allotetraploid lineage are 3.89 million years ago (mya) and 1.40 mya, respectively. Conclusions: The molecular data support independent allotetraploid origins for E. kigeziensis and the E. africana–E. coracana clade. Both events may have involved diploids E. indica and E. tristachya as the maternal parents, but the paternal parents remain unidentified. The habitat-specific hypothesis is proposed to explain the divergence of Eleusine and its allotetraploid lineage

Orbital forcing of glacial/interglacial variations in chemical weathering and silicon cycling within the upper White Nile basin, East Africa: Stable-isotope and biomarker evidence from Lakes Victoria and Edward

On Quaternary time scales, the global biogeochemical cycle of silicon is interlocked with the carbon cycle through biotic enhancement of silicate weathering and uptake of dissolved silica by vascular plants and aquatic microalgae (notably diatoms, for which Si is an essential nutrient). Large tropical river systems dominate the export of Si from the continents to the oceans. Here, we investigate variations in Si cycling in the upper White Nile basin over the last 15 ka, using sediment cores from Lakes Victoria and Edward. Coupled measurements of stable O and Si isotopes on diatom separates were used to reconstruct past changes in lake hydrology and Si cycling, while the abundances of lipid biomarkers characteristic of terrestrial/emergent higher plants, submerged/floating aquatic macrophytes and freshwater algae document past ecosystem changes. During the late-glacial to mid-Holocene, 15–5.5 ka BP, orbital forcing greatly enhanced monsoon rainfall, forest cover and chemical weathering. Riverine inputs of dissolved silica from the lake catchments exceeded aquatic demand and may also have had lower Si-isotope values. Since 5.5 ka BP, increasingly dry climates and more open vegetation, reinforced by the spread of agricultural cropland over the last 3–4 ka, have reduced dissolved silica inputs into the lakes. Centennial-to millennial-scale dry episodes are also evident in the isotopic records and merit further investigation

The Impact of External, Environmental, and Neighbourhood Factors on Housing Prices in Stavanger - A hedonic price model study

Master's thesis in Economic analysisA dwelling is made up of a bundle of attributes, all of which may affect its value. Hedonic pricing models are usually used in to estimate the value of these individual attributes. Few hedonic price studies however, have focused on the Norwegian housing market. The aim of this thesis is to study factors that may affect housing prices in Stavanger. The hedonic price model was used to analyse these factors. The thesis focuses on external, environmental and neighbourhood attributes. These factors have previously been neglected in Norwegian hedonic house price models. In order to do this, micro-level data were collected from Eiendomsverdi.no and Finn.no. The databases include information sold dwellings and its respective characteristics. The data obtained resulted in a carefully collected and original dataset. The result from the estimated regression model was that external and environmental characteristics affect housing prices to a lesser degree. Neighbourhood characteristics appears to have a greater impact on the housing prices in Stavanger

Atmosphere as a tool of enhancing organizational performance: An exploratory study from the hospitality industry

Purpose – The concept of atmosphere is often considered vague and difficult to capture, which hampers adequate feedback on atmospheric investments. This paper aims to report a systematic effort to capture the concept and enhancing factors, making adequate feedback for efforts to improve atmosphere possible. Design/methodology/approach – Owing to limited a priori insights, an exploratory, discovery‐oriented approach was chosen. Semi‐structured interviews, supplemented with secondary data, were conducted to gain insight into how managers and design experts think and cope to improve the atmosphere of establishments. The hospitality industry was selected as empirical context. Findings – Investments to improve the atmosphere of establishments can bring significant benefits. However, the positive effects are associated with uncertainty and consequently the risks can be substantial. However, such risks were only recognized by hospitality managers, not by design experts. Research limitations/implications – This study is a first step and was therefore restricted to the supply side of the industry. For practical purposes, the empirical setting was limited to a single country. Practical implications – Care should be taken not to overkill with atmosphere and thereby lose focus on the main service/product offering. Hospitality managers and owners need to be assertive to get the right balance between aesthetic elements and operational requirements because design experts tend to neglect the latter. Originality/value – Given the considerable interest in, and consequently the presumed value of, atmosphere as an intangible asset, this paper provides important insights into an area where there is genuine need for empirical research

Atmosphere as a tool of enchancing organizational performance: An exploratory study from the hospitality industry

-"This article is © Emerald Group Publishing and permission has been granted for this version to appear here. Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limited." -Purpose – The concept of atmosphere is often considered vague and difficult to capture, which hampers adequate feedback on atmospheric investments. This paper aims to report a systematic effort to capture the concept and enhancing factors, making adequate feedback for efforts to improve atmosphere possible. Design/methodology/approach – Owing to limited a priori insights, an exploratory, discovery‐oriented approach was chosen. Semi‐structured interviews, supplemented with secondary data, were conducted to gain insight into how managers and design experts think and cope to improve the atmosphere of establishments. The hospitality industry was selected as empirical context. Findings – Investments to improve the atmosphere of establishments can bring significant benefits. However, the positive effects are associated with uncertainty and consequently the risks can be substantial. However, such risks were only recognized by hospitality managers, not by design experts. Research limitations/implications – This study is a first step and was therefore restricted to the supply side of the industry. For practical purposes, the empirical setting was limited to a single country. Practical implications – Care should be taken not to overkill with atmosphere and thereby lose focus on the main service/product offering. Hospitality managers and owners need to be assertive to get the right balance between aesthetic elements and operational requirements because design experts tend to neglect the latter. Originality/value – Given the considerable interest in, and consequently the presumed value of, atmosphere as an intangible asset, this paper provides important insights into an area where there is genuine need for empirical research