Er regnemodellerne for rationelle?

Artiklen diskuterer fordele og ulemper ved at inddrage adfærdsøkonomiske effekter i de regnemodeller, som benyttes af bl.a. Finansministeriet. Artiklen bruger den seneste reform af dagpengesystemet fra 2015 som case. Artiklen konkluderer, at selvom der er vanskeligheder ved at fastlægge den præcise størrelsesorden af potentielle adfærdsøkonomiske effekter, bør de medregnes i fremtidens regnemodeller. De usikkerheder, der knytter sig til størrelsen af de adfærdsøkonomiske effekter, bør ligesom usikkerhederne på mange andre økonomiske parametre håndteres ved følsomhedsberegninger, der giver et reelt billede af usikkerheden på skønnene

Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations between DNA methylation at birth and childhood cognitive skills

Cognitive skills are a strong predictor of a wide range of later life outcomes. Genetic and epigenetic associations across the genome explain some of the variation in general cognitive abilities in the general population and it is plausible that epigenetic associations might arise from prenatal environmental exposures and/or genetic variation early in life. We investigated the association between cord blood DNA methylation at birth and cognitive skills assessed in children from eight pregnancy cohorts within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium across overall (total N = 2196), verbal (total N = 2206) and non-verbal cognitive scores (total N = 3300). The associations at single CpG sites were weak for all of the cognitive domains investigated. One region near DUSP22 on chromosome 6 was associated with non-verbal cognition in a model adjusted for maternal IQ. We conclude that there is little evidence to support the idea that variation in cord blood DNA methylation at single CpG sites is associated with cognitive skills and further studies are needed to confirm the association at DUSP22.Peer reviewe

Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

Abstract The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared to information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known non-pathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Prophylactic Dosing of Vitamin K to Prevent Bleeding

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Based on a high incidence of Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in breastfed infants with thus far unrecognized cholestasis, such as biliary atresia (BA), the Dutch regimen to prevent VKDB in breastfed infants was changed from a daily oral dosage of 25 mu g to 150 mu g vitamin K. Infants continued to receive 1 mg of vitamin K orally at birth. We compared the efficacy of the 150-mu g regimen with the 25-mu g regimen and with the Danish regimen of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of 2 mg vitamin K at birth. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the national BA registries: 25 mu g group (Netherlands, January 1991 to February 2011); 150 mu g group (Netherlands, March 2011 to January 2015); and IM 2 mg group (Denmark, July 2000 to November 2014). We compared the incidence of VKDB in the groups. RESULTS: VKDB occurred in 45 of 55 (82%) infants of the 25 mu g group, in 9 of 11 (82%) of the 150 mu g group, but in only 1 of 25 (4%) of the IM 2 mg group (P CONCLUSIONS: A vitamin K prophylactic regimen of 1 mg of vitamin K orally at birth followed by a daily oral dosage of either 25 or 150 mu g fails to prevent VKDB in breastfed infants with still unrecognized BA. The data support 2 mg vitamin K IM at birth as prophylaxis against VKDB