Ametiühingud, transformism ja Vene autoritarismi püsimine

Väitekiri uurib Venemaal toimuvate sotsiaalsete ja tööprotestide ohjeldamise ja neutraliseerimise mehhanisme. Kuigi majandusraskused ja valitsuse poliitika põhjustavad regulaarselt rohujuuretasandil rahulolematust ja sütitavad konflikte, ei kujuta need režiimile mingit poliitilist katsumust. Nendest arvukatest protestidest mõned saavutavad formaalse võidu, kui võimud rahuldavad altpoolt esitatud nõudmisi. Samal ajal jääb see edu lokaalseks, mis aitab kaasa valitseva režiimi elujõulisusele ega suurenda protestijate mobiliseerimise võimet. Käesolev uuring põhineb transformismi kontseptsioonil, mille pakkus välja Antonio Gramsci ja mille poststrukturalistliku tõlgenduse esitas Ernesto Laclau. Transformism viitab protsessidele, mille käigus protestijate nõudmisi rahuldatakse valdava poliitilise ja ühiskondliku korra raames. Selle mõistega kaasneb demokraatliku ja populistliku poliitika eristamine. Demokraatlik poliitika areneb olemasoleva valitsussüsteemi piirides, populistlik poliitika on aga valitseva korra suhtes antagonistlik. Transformistliku paradigma lõksu jäädes tekitavad rohujuuretasandi protestid demokraatlikku poliitikat, kuna väldivad režiimi vastu astumist ega tegele populistliku poliitikaga. Väitekiri uurib transformismi toimimist Vene ametiühingute näitel. Analüüsitakse ametiühingute struktuuri, diskursusi ja seejärel keskendutakse konkreetsetele juhtumitele kolmes Loode-Venemaa regioonis ning 2018. aasta üleriigilisele pensionireformi vastasele kampaaniale. Ametiühingud osalevad regulaarselt sotsiaalsetes ja töökonfliktides, korraldades kohalikke proteste, mille käigus sageli võidetakse järeleandmisi nii tööandjatelt kui ka võimudelt. Läbirääkimiste jooksul suunatakse sotsiaalsed ja töökonfliktid aga lokaalsetesse kokkulepetesse võimude ja töötajate vahel. Seega neutraliseerib transformism protestiliikumised ja aitab kaasa autoritaarse režiimi püsimisele.  This study explores the mechanisms of domestication and neutralization of social and labor protests in Russia. While economic difficulties and governmental policies regularly provoke grassroots discontent and spark conflicts, these do not present any political challenge to the regime. Some of the numerous protests formally succeed as the authorities satisfy the demands from below. At the same time, the success remains localized. Local victories contribute to the sustainability of the existing regime and do not enhance the capacity for protest mobilization. This dissertation uses the concept of transformism proposed by Antonio Gramsci and developed, in a poststructuralist setting, by Ernesto Laclau. Transformism refers to processes accommodating protesters’ demands from below within the current political and social order. This concept comes along with the distinction between democratic and popular politics. Democratic politics unfolds within the confines of the existing system of rule, while popular politics is antagonistic toward the present order. When trapped in the transformist paradigm, grassroots protests generate democratic politics, but avoid confronting the regime and thus do not engage in popular politics. This study demonstrates how transformism works by studying Russian trade unions. It analyzes the structure of the unions, their discourses, and then focuses on concrete cases of unions’ activities in three North-Western regions of Russia, as well as the 2018 nation-wide campaign against the pension reform. Trade unions are regularly involved in social and labor conflicts by spearheading local protests, which often succeed in getting concessions from the employers and the authorities. In the process, however, social and labor conflicts are channeled into local agreements between the authorities and the workers. Thus, transformism neutralizes protest movements and contributes to the survival of the authoritarian regime.https://www.ester.ee/record=b538682

Determination of phosphorous in N. crassa extracts

Determination of phosphorous in extract

Comparative study on some properties of polyphosphatasephosphohydrolase in Neurospora crassa strain ad-6 (28610) a and a leaky derivative.

Comparative study on some properties of polyphosphatasephosphohydrolase in Neurospora crassa strain ad-6 (28610) 5 and a leaky derivative

Study of the Forces Acting on the Animal in the Installation for Fixing with Veterinary Treatments

The study of the forces acting on the animal in the installation for fixing with veterinary treatments. The most time consuming processes in service animals are zootechnical and veterinary treatment of sheep. During the year, it is necessary to carry out more than ten such treatments of each animal, which requires a lot of labor. Almost all animal treatments such as feed to the operator’s workplace and their fixation in a convenient position for him requires significant physical effort of the operator. Therefore, today the technologies and technical means should be created to reduce labor costs for various treatments. The relevance of the problem is due to the lack of theoretical foundations and experimental data for the creation of technological equipment for fixing sheep in zootechnical and veterinary treatments. The purpose of the study is the theoretical and experimental justification of the installation for fixing sheep in zootechnical and veterinary treatments with the justification of the existing efforts on the animal, excluding injury. Developed installation and presented a scheme with two of the conveyor belts forming the grooved shape When designing the installation, the main focus was on the justification of structural elements and modes of operation from the viewpoint of eliminating the possibility of injury to the animal. The experimental studies have confirmed the correctness of the obtained analytical dependences. The obtained results will enable designers to create equipment for the fixation of sheep at the zootechnical and veterinary treatments, precluding injury to the animal and reducing labor costs

DNA ladders can be used to size polyphosphate resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PAGE is often used to resolve inorganic polyphosphates (polyP), but unfortunately polyP size ladders are not commercially available. Since several dyes that are commonly used to detect nucleic acids in gels also stain polyP, we examined the utility of commercially available DNA size ladders for estimating polyP polymer lengths by gel electrophoresis. Narrow size fractions of polyP were prepared and their polymer lengths were quantified using NMR. Commercially available DNA ladders and these polyP fractions were then subjected to PAGE to determine the relationship between migration of DNA vs polyP, which was found to be: log10(dsDNA length in bp) = 1.66 × log10(polyP length in phosphate units) − 1.97. This relationship between DNA and polyP size held for a variety of different polyacrylamide concentrations, indicating that DNA size ladders can readily be employed to estimate polyP polymer lengths by PAGE.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146466/1/elps6690_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146466/2/elps6690.pd

Фотодинамическая терапия больных раком нижней губы

Results of diagnosis and treatment in 32 patients with lower lip cancer using photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer Photosense are represented. 15 patients had stage I of disease, in 12 – stage II and in 5 – stage III. Photosensitizer Photosense was administered at dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight in 20 patients and at dose of 0.8 mg/kg – in 12 patients as single intravenous infusion. During the treatment the fluorescent diagnosis (FD) was performed. The average power of diagnostic laser irradiation was 2 mW, light dose on tissue surface was < 1 J/cm2. Power density of therapeutic laser irradiation accounted for 150–300 mW/cm2, light dose of one session was 200-300 J/cm2. First session of PDT was performed 24 h after drug injection, the interval between following sessions accounted for 24 h. The number of session varied from 3 to 5. The results of FD showed the increase of fluorescent intensity in the center of tumor from 14.9 up to 150.8 r.u. 24 h after drug injection, this parameter in the normal mucosa increased from 13,4 to 88,3 r.u. The side-effects of PDT with Photosense included pain syndrome, which was managed by non-opioid analgesics in all 10 patients. The signs of phototoxycity were observed in 9 patients. Two months after PDT 22 (68.7%) patients had complete regression of tumor lesion, the response in 8 (25%) patients was defined as partial, 2 (6.3%) patients had stabilization of tumor growth. Приведены результаты диагностики и лечения 32 больных раком нижней губы методом фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) с использо- ванием фотосенсибилизатора фотосенс. У 15 пациентов была диагностирована I ст. заболевания, у 12 – II ст. и у 5 – III ст. Фотосенси- билизатор фотосенс вводили в дозе 0,5 мг/кг массы тела 20 пациентам и в дозе 0,8 мг/кг – 12 пациентам в виде однократной внутри- венной инфузии. В процессе лечения проводилась флюоресцентная диагностика (ФД). Средняя мощность диагностического лазерного излучения 2 мВт, плотность энергии на поверхности тканей < 1 Дж/см2. Плотность мощности терапевтического лазерного излучения 150–300 мВт/см2, световая доза одного сеанса 200–300 Дж/см2. Первый сеанс ФДТ проводили через 24 ч после введения препарата, интервал между последующими сеансами составлял 24 ч. Число сеансов варьировалось от 3 до 5. Результаты ФД показали высокую интенсивность флюоресценции фотосенса в центре опухоли – 14,9–150,8 отн. ед. через 24 ч после введения препарата, в здоровой слизистой этот показатель был ниже в 1,71 раза. Из побочных эффектов ФДТ с фотосенсом отмечен болевой синдром, который у всех 10 пациентов купировался с помощью ненаркотических анальгетиков. Признаки фототоксичности наблюдались у 9 больных. Через 2 мес. после проведения ФДТ у 22 (68,7%) пациентов отмечена полная регрессия опухолевого очага, у 8 (25%) больных эффект от лечения оценен как частичный, у 2 (6,3%) больных зафиксирована стабилизация опухолевого процесса.

The use of endoscopic ultrasound probes for the diagnosis of peripheral lung tumors

Given our experience in ultrasound bronchoscopy using a thin ultrasound probe, in order to search and verification of peripheral lung tumors. Providing detailed analysis of 638 case histories of patients with peripheral lung tumors. The efficiency of the use of thin ultrasonic probe according to the pre-diagnostic procedures carried out and the size of tumors.Приведен наш опыт выполнения ультразвуковой бронхоскопии с помощью тонких ультразвуковых зондов, с целью поиска и верификации периферических новообразований лёгкого. Предоставлен подробный анализ 638 историй болезней пациентов с периферическими новообразованиями лёгкого. Оценена эффективность применения ультразвуковых тонких зондов в зависимости от предварительно проведённых диагностических процедур и размера новообразования

Microanatomy of the trophosome region of Paracatenula cf. polyhymnia (Catenulida, Platyhelminthes) and its intracellular symbionts

Marine catenulid platyhelminths of the genus Paracatenula lack mouth, pharynx and gut. They live in a symbiosis with intracellular bacteria which are restricted to the body region posterior to the brain. The symbiont-housing cells (bacteriocytes) collectively form the trophosome tissue, which functionally replaces the digestive tract. It constitutes the largest part of the body and is the most important synapomorphy of this group. While some other features of the Paracatenula anatomy have already been analyzed, an in-depth analysis of the trophosome region was missing. Here, we identify and characterize the composition of the trophosome and its surrounding tissue by analyzing series of ultra-thin cross-sections of the species Paracatenula cf. polyhymnia. For the first time, a protonephridium is detected in a Paracatenula species, but it is morphologically reduced and most likely not functional. Cells containing needle-like inclusions in the reference species Paracatenula polyhymnia Sterrer and Rieger, 1974 were thought to be sperm, and the inclusions interpreted as the sperm nucleus. Our analysis of similar cells and their inclusions by EDX and Raman microspectroscopy documents an inorganic spicule consisting of a unique magnesium–phosphate compound. Furthermore, we identify the neoblast stem cells located underneath the epidermis. Except for the modifications due to the symbiotic lifestyle and the enigmatic spicule cells, the organization of Paracatenula cf. polyhymnia conforms to that of the Catenulida in all studied aspects. Therefore, this species represents an excellent model system for further studies of host adaptation to an obligate symbiotic lifestyle

ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АРГОНОПЛАЗМЕННОЙ КОАГУЛЯЦИИ ПРИ ВИДЕОТОРАКОСКОПИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРАСТЕРНАЛЬНОЙ ЛИМФАДЕНЭКТОМИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

The experience of performing video-assisted thoracoscopic parasternal lymphadenectomy with the use of argon plasma coagulation for breast cancer patients has been presented. The proposed technique is effective in reducing the time of surgery and preventing blood lost. It also provides reliable final hemostatic control.Представлен опыт выполнения видеоторакоскопической парастернальной лимфаденэктомии у больных раком молочной железы с применением аргоноплазменной коагуляции. Предлагаемая модификация позволяет сократить время вмешательства, обеспечивает четкую маркировку зоны операции, профилактику кровотечения и надежный окончательный гемостаз

Inorganic polyphosphate interacts with nucleolar and glycosomal proteins in trypanosomatids

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146806/1/mmi14131-sup-0001-FigS1-S9.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146806/2/mmi14131_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146806/3/mmi14131.pd