Synnynnäisten sydänvikojen sikiöaikainen löytyvyys Oulun yliopistollisessa sairaalassa vuosina 2015–2017

Tiivistelmä. Synnynnäisten sydänvikojen raskaudenaikainen diagnostiikka on kehittynyt Suomessa 2010 käyttöön otetun valtakunnallisen sikiön vaikeiden kromosomi- ja rakennepoikkeavuuksien seulontaohjelman myötä. Diagnostiikan sekä syntymän jälkeisten hoitomahdollisuuksien kehittyminen ovat parantaneet synnynnäisten sydänvikojen ennustetta. Merkittävän sydänvian diagnosointi raskausaikana mahdollistaa viiveettömän hoidon lapselle, sillä synnytys voidaan suunnitella ennakoivasti ja lapsi voidaan siirtää optimaalisimpaan hoitopaikkaan äidin kohdussa. Vaikean sydänvian raskaudenaikainen sydänvikadiagnoosi voi johtaa myös raskauden keskeytykseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli saada tietoa synnynnäisten sydänvikojen esiintyvyydestä ja löytyvyydestä sikiöseulonnoissa Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan (OYS) alueella vuosina 2015–2017. Tiedot kerättiin sairauskertomuksista OYS:n ESKO- ja IPANA-potilastietojärjestelmistä. Tulokset taulukoitiin ja analysoitiin SPSS-ohjelmalla. Aineisto koostui 179 potilaasta. Tutkimuksesta saatavaa tietoa voidaan jatkossa käyttää seulonnan ja potilasneuvonnan parantamiseen. Tutkimuksessa sydänvikojen esiintyvyydet olivat aiempien tutkimusten kanssa samankaltaista ja sydänvikojen löytyvyys on OYS:n erityisvastuualueella hyvä. Lisäksi tulokset ovat vertailukelpoisia kansallisiin tuloksiin. Raskausaikana löytyi vaikeista syanoottisista sydänvioista 84,4%. Vaikeiden sydänvikojen hyvä löytyvyys on tärkeää, sillä ne vaativat yleensä hoitoa ja toimenpiteitä heti syntymän jälkeen sekä voivat ilman ennakoivaa valmistautumista johtaa lapsen menehtymiseen. Vaikeista syanoottisista sydänvioista yksikammioiset sydämet, valtasuonten transpositio (TGA), ebsteinin anomaliat ja molempien valtasuonten lähteminen oik. kammiosta -tyyppiset viat (DORV) diagnosoitiin kaikki jo raskausaikana. Sen sijaan Fallot’n tetralogian löytyvyys oli 66,7%, joten sen diagnosoinnissa voidaan todeta olevan parannettavaa. Sunttivikojen ja virtausestevikojen löytyvyys oli odotetusti huonompaa. Raskausaikana löytyi sunttivioista 27,1% ja virtausestevioista 18,2%. Sunttivioista kammioväliseinäaukkojen osuus oli merkittävä ja se on haastellinen raskausaikana diagnosoitava sydänvika. Kammioväliseinäaukkojen löytyvyyttä arvioitiin myös erikseen huomioimalla vain hoitoa vaatineet, jolloin löytyvyys oli parempi 42,9%. Virtausestevikojen diagnosointi edellyttäisi odotetusti usein normaalia seulontatutkimusta tarkempaa tutkimusta

Mass calibration of the CODEX cluster sample using SPIDERS spectroscopy - II. The X-ray luminosity-mass relation

We perform the calibration of the X-ray luminosity-mass scaling relation on a sample of 344 CODEX clusters with z <0.66 using the dynamics of their member galaxies. Spectroscopic follow-up measurements have been obtained from the SPIDERS survey, leading to a sample of 6658 red member galaxies. We use the Jeans equation to calculate halo masses, assuming an NFW mass profile and analysing a broad range of anisotropy profiles. With a scaling relation of the form L-X proportional to A(X)M(200c)(BX) E(z)(2)(1 + z)(gamma x), we find best-fitting parameters A(X) = 0.62(-0.06)(+0.05) (+/- 0.06) x 10(44) erg s(-)(1), B-X = 2.35(-0.18)(+0.21)(+/- 0.09), gamma(X) = -2.77(-1.05)(+1.06)(+/- 0.79), where we include systematic uncertainties in parentheses and for a pivot mass and redshift of 3 x 10(14) M-circle dot and 0.16, respectively. We compare our constraints with previous results, and we combine our sample with the SPT SZE-selected cluster subsample observed with XMM-Newton extending the validity of our results to a wider range of redshifts and cluster masses.Peer reviewe

Testing of the assisting software for radiologists analysing head CT images: lessons learned

Background: Assessing a plan for user testing and evaluation of the assisting software developed for radiologists.Methods: Test plan was assessed in experimental testing, where users performed reporting on head computed tomography studies with the aid of the software developed. The user testing included usability tests, questionnaires, and interviews. In addition, search relevance was assessed on the basis of user opinions.Results: The testing demonstrated weaknesses in the initial plan and enabled improvements. Results showed that the software has acceptable usability level but some minor fixes are needed before larger-scale pilot testing. The research also proved that it is possible even for radiologists with under a year's experience to perform reporting of non-obvious cases when assisted by the software developed. Due to the small number of test users, it was impossible to assess effects on diagnosis quality.Conclusions: The results of the tests performed showed that the test plan designed is useful, and answers to the key research questions should be forthcoming after testing with more radiologists. The preliminary testing revealed opportunities to improve test plan and flow, thereby illustrating that arranging preliminary test sessions prior to any complex scenarios is beneficial

Stellar mass-halo mass relation for the brightest central galaxies of X-ray clusters since z similar to 0.65

We present the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) catalog for SPectroscoic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS) DR14 cluster program value-added catalog. We list the 416 BCGs identified as part of this process, along with their stellar mass, star formation rates (SFRs), and morphological properties. We identified the BCGs based on the available spectroscopic data from SPIDERS and photometric data from SDSS. We computed stellar masses and SFRs of the BCGs on the basis of SDSS, WISE, and GALEX photometry using spectral energy distribution fitting. Morphological properties for all BCGs were derived by Sersic profile fitting using the software package SIGMA in different optical bands (g,r,i). We combined this catalog with the BCGs of galaxy groups and clusters extracted from the deeper AEGIS, CDFS, COSMOS, XMM-CFHTLS, and XMM-XXL surveys to study the stellar mass-halo mass relation using the largest sample of X-ray groups and clusters known to date. This result suggests that the mass growth of the central galaxy is controlled by the hierarchical mass growth of the host halo. We find a strong correlation between the stellar mass of BCGs and the mass of their host halos. This relation shows no evolution since z similar to 0.65. We measure a mean scatter of 0.21 and 0.25 for the stellar mass of BCGs in a given halo mass at low (0.1 <z <0.3) and high (0.3 <z <0.65) redshifts, respectively. We further demonstrate that the BCG mass is covariant with the richness of the host halos in the very X-ray luminous systems. We also find evidence that part of the scatter between X-ray luminosity and richness can be reduced by considering stellar mass as an additional variable.Peer reviewe

SPIDERS : overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release

SPIDERS (The SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a large spectroscopic programme for X-ray selected galaxy clusters as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We describe the final data set in the context of SDSS Data Release 16 (DR16): the survey overall characteristics, final targeting strategies, achieved completeness, and spectral quality, with special emphasis on its use as a galaxy cluster sample for cosmology applications. SPIDERS now consists of about 27 000 new optical spectra of galaxies selected within 4000 photometric red sequences, each associated with an X-ray source. The excellent spectrograph efficiency and a robust analysis pipeline yield a spectroscopic redshift measurement success rate exceeding 98 per cent, with a median velocity accuracy of 20 kms(-1) (at z = 0.2). Using the catalogue of 2740 X-ray galaxy clusters confirmed with DR16 spectroscopy, we reveal the 3D map of the galaxy cluster distribution in the observable Universe up to z similar to 0.6. We highlight the homogeneity of the member galaxy spectra among distinct regions of the galaxy cluster phase space. Aided by accurate spectroscopic redshifts and by a model of the sample selection effects, we compute the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity function and we present its lack of evolution up to z = 0.6. Finally we discuss the prospects of forthcoming large multiplexed spectroscopic programmes dedicated to follow up the next generation of all-sky X-ray source catalogues.Peer reviewe

Attachment and Entry of Chlamydia Have Distinct Requirements for Host Protein Disulfide Isomerase

Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases in humans. Attachment and entry are key processes in infectivity and subsequent pathogenesis of Chlamydia, yet the mechanisms governing these interactions are unknown. It was recently shown that a cell line, CHO6, that is resistant to attachment, and thus infectivity, of multiple Chlamydia species has a defect in protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) N–terminal signal sequence processing. Ectopic expression of PDI in CHO6 cells led to restoration of Chlamydia attachment and infectivity; however, the mechanism leading to this recovery was not ascertained. To advance our understanding of the role of PDI in Chlamydia infection, we used RNA interference to establish that cellular PDI is essential for bacterial attachment to cells, making PDI the only host protein identified as necessary for attachment of multiple species of Chlamydia. Genetic complementation and PDI-specific inhibitors were used to determine that cell surface PDI enzymatic activity is required for bacterial entry into cells, but enzymatic function was not required for bacterial attachment. We further determined that it is a PDI-mediated reduction at the cell surface that triggers bacterial uptake. While PDI is necessary for Chlamydia attachment to cells, the bacteria do not appear to utilize plasma membrane–associated PDI as a receptor, suggesting that Chlamydia binds a cell surface protein that requires structural association with PDI. Our findings demonstrate that PDI has two essential and independent roles in the process of chlamydial infectivity: it is structurally required for chlamydial attachment, and the thiol-mediated oxido-reductive function of PDI is necessary for entry

Stellar mass -- halo mass relation for the brightest central galaxies of X-ray clusters since z~0.65

We present the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) catalog for SPectroscoic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS) DR14 cluster program value-added catalog. We list the 416 BCGs identified as part of this process, along with their stellar mass, star formation rates, and morphological properties. We identified the BCGs based on the available spectroscopic data from SPIDERS and photometric data from SDSS. We computed stellar masses and SFRs of the BCGs on the basis of SDSS, WISE, and GALEX photometry using spectral energy distribution fitting. Morphological properties for all BCGs were derived by Sersic profile fitting using the software package SIGMA in different optical bands (g,r,i). We combined this catalog with the BCGs of galaxy groups and clusters extracted from the deeper AEGIS, CDFS, COSMOS, XMM-CFHTLS, and XMM-XXL surveys to study the stellar mass - halo mass relation using the largest sample of X-ray groups and clusters known to date. This result suggests that the mass growth of the central galaxy is controlled by the hierarchical mass growth of the host halo. We find a strong correlation between the stellar mass of BCGs and the mass of their host halos. This relation shows no evolution since z $\sim$ 0.65. We measure a mean scatter of 0.21 and 0.25 for the stellar mass of BCGs in a given halo mass at low ($0.1<z < 0.3$) and high ($0.3<z<0.65$) redshifts, respectively. We further demonstrate that the BCG mass is covariant with the richness of the host halos in the very X-ray luminous systems. We also find evidence that part of the scatter between X-ray luminosity and richness can be reduced by considering stellar mass as an additional variable