A simulation-based model of abduction

International audienceAbduction, or Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE), is a reasoning process that generates possible explanations from a set of "surprising" observations. In this paper, a simulation-based model of abduction is introduced. This model is then implemented to develop a decision support system in the field of Forensic Entomology to help forensic scientists solve complex cases

Modélisation de la température d’un corps par automates cellulaires

International audienceDans cet article, nous traitons d'une alternative aux méthodes analytiques classiques dans le cadre de la modélisation de systèmes complexes. Devant le caractère imprévisible de ces systèmes (où le nombre de composants et l'intensité des interactions sont importants), les méthodes analytiques semblent mal adaptées et des modèles dynamiques discrets, comme les automates cellulaires, peuvent permettre de faireémerger des comportements globaux complexes en déterminant simplement le comportement local et les interactions d'entités primitives. Nous illustrons notre propos en nous intéressantà un problème issu de la médecine légale : la modélisation du comportement thermique d'un cadavre. Aucun des modèles de température actuels, empiriques ou basés sur les lois physiques de transfert de chaleur, ne prend en compte des simulations sous températures variables. Nous proposons une solution qui remédieà ce problème. Nous en détaillons les spécifications, implémentations et résultats. Nous terminons sur l'utilisation de nos travaux, intégrés au sein d'un système multi-agents, et les perspectives de travail

Proteomics reveals a switch in CDK1-associated proteins upon M-phase exit during the Xenopus laevis oocyte to embryo transition.

International audienceCyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a major M-phase kinase which requires the binding to a regulatory protein, Cyclin B, to be active. CDK1/Cyclin B complex is called M-phase promoting factor (MPF) for its key role in controlling both meiotic and mitotic M-phase of the cell cycle. CDK1 inactivation is necessary for oocyte activation and initiation of embryo development. This complex process requires both Cyclin B polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation via the ubiquitin-conjugation pathway, followed by the dephosphorylation of the monomeric CDK1 on Thr161. Previous proteomic analyses revealed a number of CDK1-associated proteins in human HeLa cells. It is, however, unknown whether specific partners are involved in CDK1 inactivation upon M-phase exit. To better understand CDK1 regulation during MII-arrest and oocyte activation, we immunoprecipitated (IPed) CDK1 together with its associated proteins from M-phase-arrested and M-phase-exiting Xenopus laevis oocytes. A mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed a number of new putative CDK1 partners. Most importantly, the composition of the CDK1-associated complex changed rapidly during M-phase exit. Additionally, an analysis of CDK1 complexes precipitated with beads covered with p9 protein, a fission yeast suc1 homologue well known for its high affinity for CDKs, was performed to identify the most abundant proteins associated with CDK1. The screen was auto-validated by identification of: (i) two forms of CDK1: Cdc2A and B, (ii) a set of Cyclins B with clearly diminishing number of peptides identified upon M-phase exit, (iii) a number of known CDK1 substrates (e.g. peroxiredoxine) and partners (e.g. HSPA8, a member of the HSP70 family) both in IP and in p9 precipitated pellets. In IP samples we also identified chaperones, which can modulate CDK1 three-dimensional structure, as well as calcineurin, a protein necessary for successful oocyte activation. These results shed a new light on CDK1 regulation via a dynamic change in the composition of the protein complex upon M-phase exit and the oocyte to embryo transition

Clinical practice guidelines for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene pathogenic variants account for most hereditary breast cancer and are increasingly used to determine eligibility for PARP inhibitor (PARPi) therapy of BRCA-related cancer. Because issues of BRCA testing in clinical practice now overlap with both preventive and therapeutic management, updated and comprehensive practice guidelines for BRCA genotyping are needed. The integrative recommendations for BRCA testing presented here aim to (1) identify individuals who may benefit from genetic counselling and risk-reducing strategies; (2) update germline and tumour-testing indications for PARPi-approved therapies; (3) provide testing recommendations for personalised management of early and metastatic breast cancer; and (4) address the issues of rapid process and tumour analysis. An international group of experts, including geneticists, medical and surgical oncologists, pathologists, ethicists and patient representatives, was commissioned by the French Society of Predictive and Personalised Medicine (SFMPP). The group followed a methodology based on specific formal guidelines development, including (1) evaluating the likelihood of BRCAm from a combined systematic review of the literature, risk assessment models and expert quotations, and (2) therapeutic values of BRCAm status for PARPi therapy in BRCA-related cancer and for management of early and advanced breast cancer. These international guidelines may help clinicians comprehensively update and standardise BRCA testing practices

The role of open abdomen in non-trauma patient : WSES Consensus Paper

The open abdomen (OA) is defined as intentional decision to leave the fascial edges of the abdomen un-approximated after laparotomy (laparostomy). The abdominal contents are potentially exposed and therefore must be protected with a temporary coverage, which is referred to as temporal abdominal closure (TAC). OA use remains widely debated with many specific details deserving detailed assessment and clarification. To date, in patients with intra-abdominal emergencies, the OA has not been formally endorsed for routine utilization; although, utilization is seemingly increasing. Therefore, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Abdominal Compartment Society (WSACS) and the Donegal Research Academy united a worldwide group of experts in an international consensus conference to review and thereafter propose the basis for evidence-directed utilization of OA management in non-trauma emergency surgery and critically ill patients. In addition to utilization recommendations, questions with insufficient evidence urgently requiring future study were identified.Peer reviewe

Modélisation et gestion de flux par systèmes multiagents (application à un système d aide à la décision en épidémiologie)

VILLENEUVE D'ASCQ-ECLI (590092307) / SudocLILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF

L approche Bond Graph pour la découverte technologique

VILLENEUVE D'ASCQ-ECLI (590092307) / SudocLILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Multi-agent Multi-level Modeling - A methodology to Simulate Complex Systems

International audienc