231 research outputs found
\u3ci\u3e“After your honor is gone …”:\u3c/i\u3e Exploration of Developmental Trajectories and Life Experiences of Women Working in Mumbai’s Red-Light Brothel Districts
This investigation was intended, first, to examine the early life and childhood experiences of adult women working in the red-light districts of Mumbai, India. A corollary to this goal was determination of processes that led to entry into the commercial sex industry (CSI). Second, we sought better understanding of women’s adult relationships with family of origin and key players of the brothel-based sex industry (e.g., peers, clients, brothel-keepers). Finally, we explored exiting options. In other words, to what extent is it possible to leave India’s brothel-based sex industry if one wanted to do so? Guided by the life-course theory of development, in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 women working in two red-light districts of Mumbai, India. Most women described childhoods of extreme poverty, had been trafficked into the CSI, and reported minimal social support as adults. Exiting was challenged by multi-faceted cultural and structural constraints. Implications for continued research are provided
Children of Mumbai’s Brothels: Investigating Developmental Prospects, Primary Relationships, and Service Provision
Objective: To understand the context of the lives of children reared in India’s red-light brothel districts. Background: Substantial empirical insight has emerged on the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). Yet the extant literature on brothel-based children (BBC), a uniquely vulnerable subset of at-risk children, is paradoxically deficient. Understanding the developmental needs of BBC is critical to mitigating risk.
Method: In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 service providers and 30 women residing in 2 red-light brothel districts of Mumbai. Phenomenological inquiry informed the research methodology and data analysis.
Results: Mothers’ goals for children included survival, academic success, and future employment. Formal services were critical in meeting the basic needs of BBC, ensuring access to developmentally appropriate education, and maintaining safety overnight.
Conclusion: BBC are at considerable risk for an array of developmental challenges. Multisector service providers must work together and with the mothers of BBC to mitigate intergenerational sexual exploitation in the formal sex economy.
Implications: Results provide key areas for further research including longitudinal assessment of BBCs’ educational and occupational outcomes, as well as incidence of complex trauma among BBC and treatment options. Service gaps include outreach to older male BBC as well as shame reduction intervention
Tensor structure from scalar Feynman matroids
We show how to interpret the scalar Feynman integrals which appear when
reducing tensor integrals as scalar Feynman integrals coming from certain nice
matroids.Comment: 12 pages, corrections suggested by referee
Identifying and Assisting Human Trafficking Survivors: A Post-Training Analysis of First Responders
First responders and the agencies for which they work face numerous challenges in identifying and assisting human trafficking survivors. This article aims to outline the ways in which first responders in a Midwestern state identify and provide services to human trafficking survivors. Six months after attending a two-day training aimed at recognizing and assisting human trafficking survivors, first responders were invited to participate in a follow-up survey regarding the training that they received. Responses were collected from 270 participants who work at various government, medical, or social service agencies in both rural and urban service areas across the state. Results focus on perceived prevalence of human trafficking, type of trafficking survivor populations served, barriers to service provision, and confidence in identifying indicators of human trafficking
Heavy-Higgs Lifetime at Two Loops
The Standard-Model Higgs boson with mass decays almost
exclusively to pairs of and bosons. We calculate the dominant two-loop
corrections of to the partial widths of these decays. In
the on-mass-shell renormalization scheme, the correction factor is found to be
, where the second term is the
one-loop correction. We give full analytic results for all divergent two-loop
Feynman diagrams. A subset of finite two-loop vertex diagrams is computed to
high precision using numerical techniques. We find agreement with a previous
numerical analysis. The above correction factor is also in line with a recent
lattice calculation.Comment: 26 pages, 6 postscript figures. The complete paper including figures
is also available via WWW at
http://www.physik.tu-muenchen.de/tumphy/d/T30d/PAPERS/TUM-HEP-247-96.ps.g
Enhancement of the -- Mass Difference by Short Distance QCD Corrections Beyond Leading Logarithms
We calculate the next-to-leading order short distance QCD corrections to the
coefficient of the effective hamiltonian in the
standard model. This part dominates the short distance contribution to the -- mass difference. The next-to-leading order
result enhances and by 20\% compared to the
leading order estimate. Taking 0.200 \gev \le \laMSb \le 0.350 \gev and 1.35
\gev \le m_c(m_c) \le 1.45 \gev we obtain compared to . For this
corresponds to 48 -- 75 \% of the experimentally observed mass difference. The
inclusion of next-to- leading order corrections to reduces
considerably the theoretical uncertainty related to the choice of
renormalization scales.Comment: 30 pages and 9 figures (available as uuencoded tarred postscript
files), LaTeX, TUM-T31-40/9
The Role of Protein Kinase A Regulation of the E6 PDZ-Binding Domain during the Differentiation-Dependent Life Cycle of Human Papillomavirus Type 18
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 proteins of high-risk alpha types target a select group of PSD95/DLG1/ZO1 (PDZ) domain-containing proteins by using a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM), an interaction that can be negatively regulated by phosphorylation of the E6 PBM by protein kinase A (PKA). Here, we have mutated the canonical PKA recognition motif that partially overlaps with the E6 PBM in the HPV18 genome (E6153PKA) and compared the effect of this mutation on the HPVl8 life cycle in primary keratinocytes with the wild-type genome and with a second mutant genome that lacks the E6 PBM (E6ΔPDZ). Loss of PKA recognition of E6 was associated with increased growth of the genome-containing cells relative to cells carrying the wild-type genome, and upon stratification, a more hyperplastic phenotype, with an increase in the number of S-phase competent cells in the upper suprabasal layers, while the opposite was seen with the E6ΔPDZ genome. Moreover, the growth of wild-type genome-containing cells was sensitive to changes in PKA activity, and these changes were associated with increased phosphorylation of the E6 PBM. In marked contrast to E6ΔPDZ genomes, the E6153PKA mutation exhibited no deleterious effects on viral genome amplification or expression of late proteins. Our data suggest that the E6 PBM function is differentially regulated by phosphorylation in the HPV18 life cycle. We speculate that perturbation of protein kinase signaling pathways could lead to changes in E6 PBM function, which in turn could have a bearing on tumor promotion and progression
An algebraic scheme associated with the noncommutative KP hierarchy and some of its extensions
A well-known ansatz (`trace method') for soliton solutions turns the
equations of the (noncommutative) KP hierarchy, and those of certain
extensions, into families of algebraic sum identities. We develop an algebraic
formalism, in particular involving a (mixable) shuffle product, to explore
their structure. More precisely, we show that the equations of the
noncommutative KP hierarchy and its extension (xncKP) in the case of a
Moyal-deformed product, as derived in previous work, correspond to identities
in this algebra. Furthermore, the Moyal product is replaced by a more general
associative product. This leads to a new even more general extension of the
noncommutative KP hierarchy. Relations with Rota-Baxter algebras are
established.Comment: 59 pages, relative to the second version a few minor corrections, but
quite a lot of amendments, to appear in J. Phys.
Two-loop scalar self-energies in a general renormalizable theory at leading order in gauge couplings
I present results for the two-loop self-energy functions for scalars in a
general renormalizable field theory, using mass-independent renormalization
schemes based on dimensional regularization and dimensional reduction. The
results are given in terms of a minimal set of loop-integral basis functions,
which are readily evaluated numerically by computers. This paper contains the
contributions corresponding to the Feynman diagrams with zero or one vector
propagator lines. These are the ones needed to obtain the pole masses of the
neutral and charged Higgs scalar bosons in supersymmetry, neglecting only the
purely electroweak parts at two-loop order. A subsequent paper will present the
results for the remaining diagrams, which involve two or more vector lines.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures, revtex4, axodraw.sty. Version 2: sentence after
eq. (A.13) corrected, references added. Version 3: typos in eqs. (5.17),
(5.20), (5.21), (5.32) are corrected. Also, the MSbar versions of eqs. (5.32)
and (5.33) are now include
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