912 research outputs found
Differential introgression and the maintenance of species boundaries in an advanced generation avian hybrid zone
Background: Evolutionary processes, including selection and differential fitness, shape the introgression of genetic material across a hybrid zone, resulting in the exchange of some genes but not others. Differential introgression of molecular or phenotypic markers can thus provide insight into factors contributing to reproductive isolation. We characterized patterns of genetic variation across a hybrid zone between two tidal marsh birds, Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelsonβs (A. nelsoni) sparrows (nβ=β286), and compared patterns of introgression among multiple genetic markers and phenotypic traits.
Results: Geographic and genomic cline analyses revealed variable patterns of introgression among marker types. Most markers exhibited gradual clines and indicated that introgression exceeds the spatial extent of the previously documented hybrid zone. We found steeper clines, indicating strong selection for loci associated with traits related to tidal marsh adaptations, including for a marker linked to a gene region associated with metabolic functions, including an osmotic regulatory pathway, as well as for a marker related to melanin-based pigmentation, supporting an adaptive role of darker plumage (salt marsh melanism) in tidal marshes. Narrow clines at mitochondrial and sex-linked markers also offer support for Haldaneβs rule. We detected patterns of asymmetrical introgression toward A. caudacutus, which may be driven by differences in mating strategy or differences in population density between the two species.
Conclusions: Our findings offer insight into the dynamics of a hybrid zone traversing a unique environmental gradient and provide evidence for a role of ecological divergence in the maintenance of pure species boundaries despite ongoing gene flow
Differential introgression and the maintenance of species boundaries in an advanced generation avian hybrid zone
Background: Evolutionary processes, including selection and differential fitness, shape the introgression of genetic material across a hybrid zone, resulting in the exchange of some genes but not others. Differential introgression of molecular or phenotypic markers can thus provide insight into factors contributing to reproductive isolation. We characterized patterns of genetic variation across a hybrid zone between two tidal marsh birds, Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelsonβs (A. nelsoni) sparrows (nβ=β286), and compared patterns of introgression among multiple genetic markers and phenotypic traits.
Results: Geographic and genomic cline analyses revealed variable patterns of introgression among marker types. Most markers exhibited gradual clines and indicated that introgression exceeds the spatial extent of the previously documented hybrid zone. We found steeper clines, indicating strong selection for loci associated with traits related to tidal marsh adaptations, including for a marker linked to a gene region associated with metabolic functions, including an osmotic regulatory pathway, as well as for a marker related to melanin-based pigmentation, supporting an adaptive role of darker plumage (salt marsh melanism) in tidal marshes. Narrow clines at mitochondrial and sex-linked markers also offer support for Haldaneβs rule. We detected patterns of asymmetrical introgression toward A. caudacutus, which may be driven by differences in mating strategy or differences in population density between the two species.
Conclusions: Our findings offer insight into the dynamics of a hybrid zone traversing a unique environmental gradient and provide evidence for a role of ecological divergence in the maintenance of pure species boundaries despite ongoing gene flow
Fine-scale population structure and asymmetrical dispersal in an obligate salt-marsh passerine, the Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammodramus Caudacutus)
Understanding the spatial scale of gene flow can yield valuable insight into the ecology of an organism and guide conservation strategies. Fine-scale genetic structure is uncommon in migratory passerines because of their high vagility and presumed high dispersal abilities. Aspects of the behavior and ecology of some migratory species, however, may promote structure on a finer scale in comparison to their mobility. We investigated population genetic structure in the Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus), a migratory passerine that breeds along the northeastern coast of the United States, where it is restricted exclusively to a narrow strip of patchily distributed tidal marsh habitat. Using genotyping with 10 microsatellite loci, we detected weak but significant population structure among Saltmarsh Sparrows from nine marshes on the breeding grounds between Scarborough, Maine, and Oceanside, New York. Genetic variation among marshes was largely consistent with a pattern of isolation by distance, with some exceptions. One inland marsh was genetically divergent despite its proximity to other sampled marshes, which suggests that mechanisms besides geographic distance influence population genetic structure. Bayesian clustering, multivariate analyses, and assignment tests supported a population structure consisting of five groups. Estimates of migration rates indicated variation in gene flow among marshes, which suggests asymmetrical dispersal and possible source-sink population dynamics. The genetic structure that we found in Saltmarsh Sparrows may result from natal philopatry and breeding-site fidelity, combined with restricted dispersal due to obligate dependence on a patchy habitat. Our findings suggest that fine-scale population structure may be important in some migratory passerines. Received 12 July 2011, accepted 1 February 2012
Electronic Social Networks as Supporting Means of Educational Process in Higher Education Institutions
Given research describes experience of electronic social networks use in educational practices. It was determined that electronic social networks can be a powerful tool for support of educational process in higher education institutions, namely to support study of different disciplines. There are main advantages of electronic social networks use for education: universal accessibility and free of charge; possibility of instant messaging and multimedia data; user-friendly intuitive interface; ability to search data and information; availability of event scheduling, invitations, reminder settings; support for synchronous and asynchronous communication between network members; access from different devices. It is emphasized that one of the main advantages of electronic social networks is receipt of quick feedback and convenience of their tools and services. Nowadays, it is important to include network educational interaction in existing models of study organization. It is advisable to use electronic social networks to manage educational process in higher education institution. Efficiency of electronic social networks use depends on intensity and need for their use in educational system management for implementation of organizational, educational, psychological and pedagogical
functions and ensuring universal communication with subjects of educational process. Expediency of electronic social networks use to carry out research work at university is described. Electronic social networks are convenient tool to conduct surveys and questionnaires, to create thematic groups for specific issue discussion. Also it is possible to interact with researchers from different countries, share experiences and disseminate research findings, invite those who wish to participate in various scientific activities using these networks
Genotype-environment associations support a mosaic hybrid zone between two tidal marsh birds
Local environmental features can shape hybrid zone dynamics when hybrids are bounded by ecotones or when patchily distributed habitat types lead to a corresponding mosaic of genotypes. We investigated the role of marsh-level characteristics in shaping a hybrid zone between two recently diverged avian taxa β Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson\u27s (A. nelsoni) sparrows. These species occupy different niches where allopatric, with caudacutus restricted to coastal marshes and nelsoni found in a broader array of wetland and grassland habitats and co-occur in tidal marshes in sympatry. We determined the influence of habitat types on the distribution of pure and hybrid sparrows and assessed the degree of overlap in the ecological niche of each taxon. To do this, we sampled and genotyped 305 sparrows from 34 marshes across the hybrid zone and from adjacent regions. We used linear regression to test for associations between marsh characteristics and the distribution of pure and admixed sparrows. We found a positive correlation between genotype and environmental variables with a patchy distribution of genotypes and habitats across the hybrid zone. Ecological niche models suggest that the hybrid niche was more similar to that of A. nelsoni and habitat suitability was influenced strongly by distance from coastline. Our results support a mosaic model of hybrid zone maintenance, suggesting a role for local environmental features in shaping the distribution and frequency of pure species and hybrids across space
Genotype-environment associations support a mosaic hybrid zone between two tidal marsh birds
Local environmental features can shape hybrid zone dynamics when hybrids are bounded by ecotones or when patchily distributed habitat types lead to a corresponding mosaic of genotypes. We investigated the role of marsh-level characteristics in shaping a hybrid zone between two recently diverged avian taxa β Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson\u27s (A. nelsoni) sparrows. These species occupy different niches where allopatric, with caudacutus restricted to coastal marshes and nelsoni found in a broader array of wetland and grassland habitats and co-occur in tidal marshes in sympatry. We determined the influence of habitat types on the distribution of pure and hybrid sparrows and assessed the degree of overlap in the ecological niche of each taxon. To do this, we sampled and genotyped 305 sparrows from 34 marshes across the hybrid zone and from adjacent regions. We used linear regression to test for associations between marsh characteristics and the distribution of pure and admixed sparrows. We found a positive correlation between genotype and environmental variables with a patchy distribution of genotypes and habitats across the hybrid zone. Ecological niche models suggest that the hybrid niche was more similar to that of A. nelsoni and habitat suitability was influenced strongly by distance from coastline. Our results support a mosaic model of hybrid zone maintenance, suggesting a role for local environmental features in shaping the distribution and frequency of pure species and hybrids across space
Antioxidant system of oral cavity in children with inflammatory diseases oral mucosa and acute forms of leukemia under the treatment
Kovach I. V., KhotimskΠ°y J. V. Antioxidant system of oral cavity in children with inflammatory diseases oral mucosa and acute forms of leukemia under the treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(1):387-395. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.276515http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4246Β Β Β Β The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016).754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7Β© The Author (s) 2017;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.01.2017. Revised 16.01.2017. Accepted: 24.01.2017.Β ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY DISEASES ORAL MUCOSA AND ACUTE FORMS OF LEUKEMIA UNDER THE TREATMENTΒ I. V. Kovach, J. V. KhotimskΠ°yΒ State Enterprise Β«Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy under Ukrainian Ministry of HealthΒ»[email protected]Β Summary The children with inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa on the background of acute leukemia develop antioxidant system pronounced changes, e.g. the level of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic components reduces. This increases oxidative homeostasis disorders and decreases catalaseβs activity. We have developedΒ treatment-and-prophylactic complex containing quercetin mucosal gel and gel with a large number of polyphenols, flavonols, anthocyanins and catechins ("Vinaceous"), and dentilave "Lysomucoid", mixture of sanguinarine alkaloids disulfate and chelerythrine, anti-fungal and probiotic preparations. This complex has a pronounced stimulatory effect on the state of the antioxidant system, which largely determines the general condition of organs and tissues of the oral cavity. At the same time the developed therapeutic and preventive complex provides a consistently high level of functional activity of the antioxidant system in children with inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa on the background of acute forms of leukemia in a year after treatment. The objective: to determine the activity of catalase in children with inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa on the background of the acute form of leukemia in the dynamics of treatment. Materials and methods. 126 children aged 2-18 y.o. with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been examined. All the children underwent clinical trials and then basic group and group of comparison was formed. In both groups the plaques were removed, full mouth debridement was made and systematically healthful procedures were done. Oral cavity hygiene was performed with the use of alcohol-free anti-inflammatory dentilave "Lysomucoid". The main group children additionally to oral hygiene used the developed therapeutic and prophylactic complexes. Results and Conclusions. The application of the developed therapeutic and prophylactic complexes, professional oral cavity hygiene and subsequent treatment applications had a pronouncedΒ stimulating effect at the state of the antioxidant system, which depends greatly on the state of periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. The therapeutical method worked out provides high level of functional activity of the antioxidant system in all groups. This is especially important for acute leukemia children.Key words: leukemia, children, oral mucosa, antioxidant system, catalase
Relationship of phenotypic variation and genetic admixture in the SaltmarshβNelson\u27s sparrow hybrid zone
Hybridization is influential in shaping species\u27 dynamics and has many evolutionary and conservation implications. Identification of hybrid individuals typically relies on morphological data, but the assumption that hybrids express intermediate traits is not always valid, because of complex patterns of introgression and selection. We characterized phenotypic and genotypic variation across a hybrid zone between 2 tidal-marsh birds, the Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson\u27s Sparrow (A. nelsoni) (n = 290), and we sought to identify morphological traits that could be used to classify admixed individuals. Sparrows were sampled from a total of 34 marshes, including 23 sympatric and 11 putatively allopatric marshes. Each individual was scored at 13 plumage traits, and standard morphometric data were collected. We used genotyping analysis at 24 microsatellite loci to categorize individuals into genotypic classes of pure, F1βF2, or backcrossed. Genetic data revealed that 52% of individuals sampled along the geographic transect were of mixed ancestry, and the majority of these were backcrossed. Traits related to the definition of plumage features (streaking, crown, and face) showed less overlap between genotypic classes than traits related to the amount or color of plumage features. Although morphological data performed well in distinguishing between the 2 taxa, pure and backcrossed individuals of each parental type could not be distinguished because of substantial overlap in plumage and morphology. We conclude that the discrimination of pure and hybrid individuals is not possible in the absence of genetic data. Our results have implications for conservation of pure populations, as extensive backcrossing throughout the hybrid zone may present challenges for monitoring pure species identified by morphology alone
Anthropogenic Habitats Facilitate Dispersal of an Early Successional Obligate: Implications for Restoration of an Endangered Ecosystem
Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation disrupt the connectivity of natural landscapes, with major consequences for biodiversity. Species that require patchily distributed habitats, such as those that specialize on early successional ecosystems, must disperse through a landscape matrix with unsuitable habitat types. We evaluated landscape effects on dispersal of an early successional obligate, the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis). Using a landscape genetics approach, we identified barriers and facilitators of gene flow and connectivity corridors for a population of cottontails in the northeastern United States. We modeled dispersal in relation to landscape structure and composition and tested hypotheses about the influence of habitat fragmentation on gene flow. Anthropogenic and natural shrubland habitats facilitated gene flow, while the remainder of the matrix, particularly development and forest, impeded gene flow. The relative influence of matrix habitats differed between study areas in relation to a fragmentation gradient. Barrier features had higher explanatory power in the more fragmented site, while facilitating features were important in the less fragmented site. Landscape models that included a simultaneous barrier and facilitating effect of roads had higher explanatory power than models that considered either effect separately, supporting the hypothesis that roads act as both barriers and facilitators at all spatial scales. The inclusion of LiDAR-identified shrubland habitat improved the fit of our facilitator models. Corridor analyses using circuit and least cost path approaches revealed the importance of anthropogenic, linear features for restoring connectivity between the study areas. In fragmented landscapes, human-modified habitats may enhance functional connectivity by providing suitable dispersal conduits for early successional specialists
Influence of ozone therapy on oral tissue in modeling of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (CRAS) belongs to the
group of chronic, inflammatory, ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ozone on the morphofunctional peculiarities of the soft tissues in modeling chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
We performed experimental investigation for study of the morpho-functional state of tissues of the oral mucosa in CRAS with using of previously proposed and widely used modeling scheme with ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide. Two groups of animals were formed (Dutch rabbits, males, aging three-month, weighting 2-2.4 kg). Group of 8 animals with obtained mucosal changes was our comparison group. Other group of 8 animals with obtained mucosal changes was treated by ozone therapy.
Histological investigation has been performed. Microscopical examination of tissue had shown that ozone therapy reduces inflammation and edema and is useful in wound healing in soft tissue as disappearance of necrobiotic processes, epithelialization of aphthous defect, growth of akantotic bands, pronounced
reducing of inflammatory cells and changing of cellular ratio (with of neutrophils part from 38.30Β±2.46% to 6.34Β±0.63%, eosinophils from 5.49Β±0.23% to 2.87Β±0.05%), restoration of the cellular layers of the epithelium, moderately pronounced sclerosis of the papillary layer of the lamina propria. Described results allow to conclude that correction of tissual changes in chronic
recurrent aphthous stomatitis could be obtained with ozone therapy using.
Π₯ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (Π₯Π ΠΠ‘) ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ·Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π₯Π ΠΠ‘ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
(Π³ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°, Π²Π΅Ρ 2-2,4 ΠΊΠ³). I Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ· 8 ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. II Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ· 8 ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ·Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²: Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ·, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ - Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ 38,30Β±2,46% Π΄ΠΎ 6,34Β±0,63%, ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ - Ρ 5,49Β±0,23% Π΄ΠΎ 2,87Β±0,05%, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ· ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Ρ
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