Translation of complicated linguistic categories within the creation of subtitles in Chinese

This article deals with basic features of subtitles creation, introduces us the concepts of “translation with subtitles” and “subtitling”. Translation with subtitles is shown as an independent type of translation, creation of subtitles requires special attention to the process of writing the text of translation in strictly limited number of symbols. Special attention is given to translation of complicated linguistic categories (idioms, language relias, loanwords, etc.) within the creation of subtitles. The analysis of dialogues in the Chinese series “家有儿女” (“House with kids)” highlights the basic transformations in translation with subtitles from Chinese into Russian

Dyslipidemia in kidney receiver

Background. Kidney transplantation is the gold standard of treatment in patients with a terminal renal failure. Nevertheless, the main reason for death of recipients, loss of the renal allograft is cardiovascular disease, and disorder of lipid profile remains one of the most significant risk factors and progressing of cardiovascular pathology.Aim. We estimated dyslipidemia dynamics before and at various terms after kidney transplantation and we tried to reveal interrelation of disorder of lipid metabolism with renal transplant functioning.Material and methods.The retrospective observational research of the cohort in a uniform group of lipid profile dynamics observation in terms before kidney transplantation and in 6, 12 and 36 months of two hundred liver recipients at the age of 40.18 ± 10.33 years has been conducted. Among those there was 41.5% female patients and 58.5% male patients. The statistical analysis was carried out by means of STATISTICA 10.0 program. The critical significance value while checking statistical  hypotheses in this research was accepted equal 0.05. The method of multifactorial logistic regression was applied to search factors associated with a dyslipidemia. Results. Level of the general cholesterol before transplantation was 4.34 ± 1.21 mmol/l, in comparison with an initial indicator of the general cholesterol increase in dynamics in 12 and 36 months was 17.5% (р = 0.02), 22.9% (р = 0.03), respectively. The LDL level in the studied cohort of recipients was around 2.36 ± 1.21 mmol, and in 6 months it increased by 12.3% (р = 0.02), in a year for 5.9% (р = 0.21) and 36 months later differed from initial on 14.8 (р = 0.01). In three years after transplantation period LPVP decreased by 12.3% (р = 0.01). In comparison with initial level before transplantation  they increased on 8.9% (р = 0.03) и 16.7% (р = 0.01) in 12 and 36 months, respectively. The factors associated with dyslipidemia is the age – 1.21–1.7 (р < 0.02), diabetes – 1.1–1.5 (р < 0.03), the speed of glomerular filtration (kg/sq.m) – 1.23–1.32 (р < 0.02), proteinuria (g/l) – 1.55–2.1 (р < 0.001), the left ventricle myocardium mass index (kg/sq.m) – 1.23–1.55  (р < 0.03), hemoglobin (g/l) – 1.1–1.23 (р < 0.04), systolic arterial blood pressure – 1.2–2.1 (р < 0.001), diastolic arterial blood pressure – 1.1–2.2 (р < 0.002). The negative correlational interrelation between the level of cholesterol and survival of the renal allograft, estimated on the speed of glomerular filtration was revealed (р = 0.003). Level of the general cholesterol was a significant independent predictor for survival and functioning of the renal allotransplantat in 3 years after transplantation.Conclusion. Тhe progressing disorder of a lipid profile in the long-term post-transplantation period was revealed, dyslipidemia is a significant modified predictor of successful kidney transplantation

Familial hypercholesterolemia: case series of a rare condition

Introduction. Cardiovascular events at a young age are often the first manifestation of a genetic disorder such as familial hypercholesterolemia. High cholesterol levels, xanthomas and xanthelasmas, as well as a positive family history of cardiovascular disease, make it possible to identify a group of patients subject to genetic research. The identification of a specific mutation helps to determine further strategy not only for a patient, but also to his or her immediate relatives, thereby effectively conducting both secondary and primary prevention of atherosclerosis complications.Brief description. Using the example of patients from the Krasnodar Lipid Center, the relevance of genetic testing and cascade screening is demonstrated. We show problems of delayed diagnosis and low medical adherence, as well as the ways to optimize care for patients with genetic lipid metabolism disorders.Discussion. The rise in the incidence of cardiovascular events at a young age in developed countries prompts the search for more improved screening and diagnostic methods for familial hypercholesterolemia. The optimal age of initiation of lipid-lowering therapy in children with established familial hypercholesterolemia is also discussed. While secondary prevention appears to be clearer, there is still insufficient achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets in patients with a previous cardiovascular event

Results of dynamic follow-up for patients with myocardial infarction without obstructive lesion of coronary arteries: data of the overall register for acute coronary syndrome in Krasnodar region

Background. Myocardial infarction (MI) without obstructive lesion of coronary arteries (MINOCA) has incidence  to 14%. Despite its high prevalence,  MINOCA is paid not enough attention, therefore some patients can not receive appropriate treatment.Aim. Evaluating the long-term results of clinical observation in patients with MINOCA  in comparison with patients with obstructive damage and the subsequent revascularization of myocardium.Material and methods. On the basis of Scientific Research Institute RCH – 1 the multicenter cohort observation was organized. Patients from the register CROCS (the register of acute coronary syndrome in Krasnodar region) with the  diagnosis MI were divided into two groups: MINOCA including patients without obstructive damage of coronary arteries and MINOCA including patients with obstructive injury and the subsequent stenting a heart attack connected artery. All patients in 12 months would have control assessment during which they had objective survey; electrocardiography; daily monitoring; test of six-minute walking, echocardiography. Results. In the MINOCA group in 12 months after the acute coronary event in 21.5% cases there were tension stenocardia, in 16.2% – a painless form of myocardial ischemia was revealed, in a group of patients with MINOCA stenocardia of tension was revealed at 12.5% and 8.4% – with painless ischemia. The group of patients with MINOCA is characterized  by more reliable decrease in both parameters of heart rate variability, and turbulence of heart rate. MINOCA is followed by statistically significant increase in risk of ACS development and death within 12 months. All indicators had reliable difference.Conclusion. Patients with MINOCA are a special group, their differential characteristics demand definite diagnostic efforts

Spontaneous left coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period: a case report

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare disease that threatens the patient life. Often this pathology complicates the course of pregnancy or the postpartum period. The rare occurrence and difficulties in diagnosis are the reason for the lack of data and the impossibility of developing a single algorithm for diagnosing and treating spontaneous coronary artery dissection.The article provides a brief literature review and a case report of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period, and discusses a number of aspects of treatment tactics

Bilateral pheochromocytoma and a tumor of the jejunum with neurofibromatosis of type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary disease with the high frequency of neuroendocrine tumors. This article represents a clinical case of the diagnosed NF1 in a 40-year old patient with the history of bilateral pheocromocytoma and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the jejunum. Clinical diagnosis NF1 was suspected on the basis of the typical skin manifestations.The timely diagnosis of NF1 has practical significance as it enables physicians persistently search for neuroendocrine lesions in a such cohort of patients

Echocardiographic phenomenon “RAC-sign” in the anomalous course of circumflex artery: a case report

Coronary artery (CA) anomalies are a group of congenital heart defects  with a diverse clinical performance, from lifelong asymptomatic to severe consequences such as sudden cardiac death. In some cases,  CA anomalies become  an incidental finding during echocardiography.  If there is a suspicion of CA anomaly, a radiographic investigation (computed tomography (CT) angiography or magnetic resonance imaging) should be performed to clarify the anatomy and indications for surgical correction.A case of diagnosing a tubular structure with hyperechoic  walls in mitral valve projection during echocardiography  is presented. The performed CT angiography confirmed the abnormal origin of circumflex artery from the right sinus of Valsalva with its retroaortic course. This echocardiographic  sign is described in the English-language literature as Retroaortic Anomalous Coronary sign (RAC-sign)

Extended Thromboprophylaxis with Betrixaban in Acutely Ill Medical Patients

Background Patients with acute medical illnesses are at prolonged risk for venous thrombosis. However, the appropriate duration of thromboprophylaxis remains unknown. Methods Patients who were hospitalized for acute medical illnesses were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous enoxaparin (at a dose of 40 mg once daily) for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban placebo for 35 to 42 days or subcutaneous enoxaparin placebo for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban (at a dose of 80 mg once daily) for 35 to 42 days. We performed sequential analyses in three prespecified, progressively inclusive cohorts: patients with an elevated d-dimer level (cohort 1), patients with an elevated d-dimer level or an age of at least 75 years (cohort 2), and all the enrolled patients (overall population cohort). The statistical analysis plan specified that if the between-group difference in any analysis in this sequence was not significant, the other analyses would be considered exploratory. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of asymptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The principal safety outcome was major bleeding. Results A total of 7513 patients underwent randomization. In cohort 1, the primary efficacy outcome occurred in 6.9% of patients receiving betrixaban and 8.5% receiving enoxaparin (relative risk in the betrixaban group, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 1.00; P=0.054). The rates were 5.6% and 7.1%, respectively (relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03) in cohort 2 and 5.3% and 7.0% (relative risk, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.92; P=0.006) in the overall population. (The last two analyses were considered to be exploratory owing to the result in cohort 1.) In the overall population, major bleeding occurred in 0.7% of the betrixaban group and 0.6% of the enoxaparin group (relative risk, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.67 to 2.12; P=0.55). Conclusions Among acutely ill medical patients with an elevated d-dimer level, there was no significant difference between extended-duration betrixaban and a standard regimen of enoxaparin in the prespecified primary efficacy outcome. However, prespecified exploratory analyses provided evidence suggesting a benefit for betrixaban in the two larger cohorts. (Funded by Portola Pharmaceuticals; APEX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01583218. opens in new tab.

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Background: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P = 0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P = 0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P = 0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P = 0.31). Conclusions: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. (Funded by Novartis; CANTOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01327846.