Prevalence of mastitis for cows of different genotypes milked for two consecutive seasons

Extending the calving interval from the traditional 12-month to a 24-month calving interval has been suggested as a practical solution for maximizing lactation yield per calving. Somatic cell count (SCC) and the incidence of mastitis were examined in New Zealand (NZ) and overseas (OS) Holstein-Friesian cows fed on pasture alone or supplemented with 3 or 6 kg DM maize/barley concentrates/cow/day during an extended lactation of up to 21 months. Average cow SCC was three-fold higher (P<0.001) in the extended or second season of the lactation compared with the first season, with NZ cows having a slightly higher SCC (P<0.01) in the second season compared to OS cows (191,000 and 115,000 cells/ml respectively). The SCC elevations occurred regardless of infection status of the udder. Although OS cows tended to have twice as many cases of clinical mastitis (P=0.01) in the first season compared to the NZ cows, affecting 59% and 27% of cows respectively, there was no difference in infection status between genotypes in the second season (20% and 18% respectively). Results showed that although cows experienced less mastitis during the second spring of the lactation, the average cow SCC was higher during the extended part of the lactation

Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção e composição química do leite, o consumo de matéria seca e a taxa de lotação em pastagens de capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia), grama-estrela (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst cv. Estrela-Africana) e capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu). As gramíneas foram manejadas sob regime de lotação rotacionada com vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu, com 30 dias de intervalo de desfolha e três dias de ocupação do piquete e foram adubadas com 1.000 kg/ha/ano da fórmula 20:05:20 (NPK), parcelada em três vezes durante a época das chuvas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com três fatores em estudo e duas repetições. Foram utilizadas quatro vacas por piquete e, quando necessário, foram acrescentados animais reguladores objetivando obter oferta de massa seca de forragem verde de 7% do peso vivo. Os animais receberam individualmente 2 kg/dia de concentrado no período experimental. A produção de leite não diferiu entre as três gramíneas, com valores de 9,1; 9,1 e 8,7 kg/vaca/dia para as pastagens de capim-tanzânia, grama-estrela e capim-marandu, respectivamente. Da mesma forma, não houve efeito da gramínea na composição química do leite. A taxa de lotação foi semelhante entre as três gramíneas, com os valores de 4,6; 4,5 e 5,0 UA/ha para o capim-tanzânia, a grama-estrela e o capim-marandu. Maior consumo de matéria seca foi observado no capim-tanzânia com 2,6% do PV, enquanto a grama-estrela (2,3%) e o capim-marandu (2,4%) não diferiram entre si. O maior consumo de matéria seca na pastagem de capim-tanzânia não refletiu na produção de leite por animal. A produção e composição química do leite e a taxa de lotação sao similares entre as gramíneas avaliadas