Serum proteomic profiling in patients with drug‐induced liver injury

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90324/1/apt4982.pd

A full year of aerosol size distribution data from the central Arctic under an extreme positive Arctic Oscillation : insights from the Multidisciplinarydrifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition

The Arctic environment is rapidly changing due to accelerated warming in the region. The warming trend is driving a decline in sea ice extent, which thereby enhances feedback loops in the surface energy budget in the Arctic. Arctic aerosols play an important role in the radiative balance and hence the climate response in the region, yet direct observations of aerosols over the Arctic Ocean are limited. In this study, we investigate the annual cycle in the aerosol particle number size distribution (PNSD), particle number concentration (PNC), and black carbon (BC) mass concentration in the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. This is the first continuous, year-long data set of aerosol PNSD ever collected over the sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean. We use a k-means cluster analysis, FLEXPART simulations, and inverse modeling to evaluate seasonal patterns and the influence of different source regions on the Arctic aerosol population. Furthermore, we compare the aerosol observations to land-based sites across the Arctic, using both long-term measurements and observations during the year of the MOSAiC expedition (2019-2020), to investigate interannual variability and to give context to the aerosol characteristics from within the central Arctic. Our analysis identifies that, overall, the central Arctic exhibits typical seasonal patterns of aerosols, including anthropogenic influence from Arctic haze in winter and secondary aerosol processes in summer. The seasonal pattern corresponds to the global radiation, surface air temperature, and timing of sea ice melting/freezing, which drive changes in transport patterns and secondary aerosol processes. In winter, the Norilsk region in Russia/Siberia was the dominant source of Arctic haze signals in the PNSD and BC observations, which contributed to higher accumulation-mode PNC and BC mass concentrations in the central Arctic than at land-based observatories. We also show that the wintertime Arctic Oscillation (AO) phenomenon, which was reported to achieve a record-breaking positive phase during January-March 2020, explains the unusual timing and magnitude of Arctic haze across the Arctic region compared to longer-term observations. In summer, the aerosol PNCs of the nucleation and Aitken modes are enhanced; however, concentrations were notably lower in the central Arctic over the ice pack than at land-based sites further south. The analysis presented herein provides a current snapshot of Arctic aerosol processes in an environment that is characterized by rapid changes, which will be crucial for improving climate model predictions, understanding linkages between different environmental processes, and investigating the impacts of climate change in future Arctic aerosol studies.Peer reviewe

Syndromics: A Bioinformatics Approach for Neurotrauma Research

Substantial scientific progress has been made in the past 50 years in delineating many of the biological mechanisms involved in the primary and secondary injuries following trauma to the spinal cord and brain. These advances have highlighted numerous potential therapeutic approaches that may help restore function after injury. Despite these advances, bench-to-bedside translation has remained elusive. Translational testing of novel therapies requires standardized measures of function for comparison across different laboratories, paradigms, and species. Although numerous functional assessments have been developed in animal models, it remains unclear how to best integrate this information to describe the complete translational “syndrome” produced by neurotrauma. The present paper describes a multivariate statistical framework for integrating diverse neurotrauma data and reviews the few papers to date that have taken an information-intensive approach for basic neurotrauma research. We argue that these papers can be described as the seminal works of a new field that we call “syndromics”, which aim to apply informatics tools to disease models to characterize the full set of mechanistic inter-relationships from multi-scale data. In the future, centralized databases of raw neurotrauma data will enable better syndromic approaches and aid future translational research, leading to more efficient testing regimens and more clinically relevant findings

Systematic performance study of common neutron guide geometries

In this report, we present the results from a systematic benchmarking of four different long neutron guide geometries elliptic, parabolic, ballistic piecewise linearly focusing defocusing , and straight, for various wavelength, divergence restriction, and guide length settings. In this work, we mapped relevant parts of the neutron phase space to show where advanced guide geometries have significant transport advantages over simple guide geometries.The primary findings are that the elliptic and parabolic geometries perform almost equally well, and they are considerably superior to the other geometries, except forlow divergence, cold neutrons. In addition, it was observed that transporting thermal neutrons more than 100 m using elliptic guides was possible with only a 10 loss in the phase space density for divergences up to 0.5 , which enables the construction of very long thermal neutron instruments. Our work will allow instrument designers to use tabulated, standard geometries as a starting point for optimising the guide required for the particular instrument

Ocorrência de estresse entre acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior

Objetivo: investigar a ocorrência de estresse entre acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior privada do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Materiais e método: estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 34 acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma faculdade privada do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto e setembro de 2019 a partir de um questionário autoaplicável. Resultados: observou-se maioria de participantes do gênero feminino (82,35 %), na faixa etária entre 20 e 25 anos (76,47 %), solteira (67,65 %) e residente em cidades circunvizinhas (58,81 %). As situações que apareceram com maior frequência como muito estressantes foram: a distância entre a maioria dos campos de estágio/ensino clínico e o local de moradia, o transporte utilizado para chegar ao local do estágio/ensino clínico, a falta de tempo para descanso e o transporte utilizado para chegar à faculdade. Conclusões: a graduação em Enfermagem é um ambiente com presença de fatores que colaboram para a ocorrência de estresse; as situações mais estressantes são de acesso físico e planejamento da rotina estudantil. Nesse sentido, é importante buscar estratégias que visem minimizar as fontes geradoras de estresse, com a intenção de melhorar a qualidade de vida e tornar o aprendizado prazeroso