Full-wave modeling of broadband near field scanning microwave microscopy

The authors would like to thank professor Dr. Gabriel Gomila from Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) and Universitat de Barcelona for the fruitful discussion and support, as well as to Dr. Georg Gramse from Johannes Kepler University Linz for the experimental data. B.W. thanks the funding from the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the support of his research at Queen Mary University of London, UK. Y.H. would like to thank EU-FP7 Nanomicrowave project for the financial support

Mouse antibody of IgM class is prone to non-enzymatic cleavage between CH1 and CH2 domains

Abstract IgM is a multivalent antibody which evolved as a first line defense of adaptive immunity. It consists of heavy and light chains assembled into a complex oligomer. In mouse serum there are two forms of IgM, a full-length and a truncated one. The latter contains μ’ chain, which lacks a variable region. Although μ’ chain was discovered many years ago, its origin has not yet been elucidated. Our results indicate that μ’ chain is generated from a full-length heavy chain by non-enzymatic cleavage of the protein backbone. The cleavage occurred specifically after Asn209 and is prevented by mutating this residue into any other amino acid. The process requires the presence of other proteins, preferentially with an acidic isoelectric point, and is facilitated by neutral or alkaline pH. This unique characteristic of the investigated phenomenon distinguishes it from other, already described, Asn-dependent protein reactions. A single IgM molecule is able to bind up to 12 epitopes via its antigen binding fragments (Fabs). The cleavage at Asn209 generates truncated IgM molecules and free Fabs, resulting in a reduced IgM valence and probably affecting IgM functionality in vivo

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Search for short-lived particles in high-energy neutrino interactions identified using a hybrid emulsion--spark-chamber arrangement

Seventeen litres of nuclear photographic emulsion have been exposed to the wide-band neutrino beam at Fermilab. Tracks of secondaries from neutrino interactions in the emulsion were observed in a wide-gap spark chamber and a system of narrow-gap spark chambers and counters down beam. From measurements on the tracks in the wide-gap chamber the positions of vertices from which the secondaries diverged were predicted and 37 neutrino interactions in emulsion were located. Factors affecting the efficiency of location of events searched for (∼20% in this experiment) are assessed and conclusions drawn about means of optimizing the design of experiments employing emulsion hybrid techniques. In one of the interactions a secondary track gave rise to three tracks after a distance of 182 μm. Further measurements made on this event do not alter the previous conclusion of its most likely interpretation as the decay of a short-lived particle of lifetime ∼6×10-13 sec. © 1979 The American Physical Society.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Observation of a likely example of the decay of a charmed particle produced in a high energy neutrino interaction

In a study of neutrino interactions occurring in nuclear emulsion, an event has been found that is most readily interpreted as the decay of a charmed particle with lifetime a few times 10-13 s. © 1976.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe