Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Design and Simulation of Boost Derived Hybrid Converter for Nano Grid Applications

—This work presents the proficiency in writing C code using Code::Blocks. Code::Blocks is a free C, C++ and Fortran IDE built to meet the most demanding needs of its users. It runs on Linux, Mac, Windows (uses wxWidgets). It is designed to be very extensible and fully configurable. Code::Blocks is used to program hybrid converter topology which can supply simultaneous dc and ac loads from a single dc sources like battery, photovoltaic cells, fuel cells etc. This topology is realized by replacing the controlled switched of single-switch boost converter with a voltage-sourceinverter bridge network. The resulting hybrid converter requires lesser number of switches to provide dc and ac output with an increased reliability, resulting from its inherent shoot-through in the inverter bridge. Such multi output converter with better power processing density and reliability can be well suited for system with simultaneous dc and ac loads. This converter is called Boost derived hybrid converter (BDHC). As it is obtained from the conventional boost topology. The study state behaviour of this BDHC will is presented. And also a suitable pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled strategy will be adapted based upon unipolar sine PWM. Simulation of BDHC is carried out. The BDHC converter is able to supply dc and ac loads from a 12V dc input.The programming results are ploted using Gnuplot. Gnuplot is a free, command- driven, interactive, function and data plotting program

Transit Straddling System Straddling Bus

This paper illustrates the use of advanced Transit Elevated Travelling System used by most of the developed countries. It has a microcontroller which performs the controlling of the system and its peripherals. In this paper we will discuss about the driverless fully automated travelling system having ARM microcontroller. Proteus simulator is used for the actual simulation of the system. Hardware is mounted on the printed circuit board(PCB). All the sensors and actuators are mounted on the PCB. The overall setup is mounted on a prototype of The Transit Elevated Travelling System. Microcontroller coding is done using C language

Electrochemical Investigations of Double Perovskite M₂NiMnO₆ (Where M = Eu, Gd, Tb) for High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Double perovskites are known for their special structures which can be utilized as catalyst electrode materials for electrochemical water splitting to generate carbon-neutral hydrogen energy. In this work, we prepared lanthanide series metal-doped double perovskites at the M site such as M2NiMnO6 (where M = Eu, Gd, Tb) using the solid-state reaction method, and they were investigated for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) study in an alkaline medium. It is revealed that the catalyst with a configuration of Tb2NiMnO6 has outstanding OER properties such as a low overpotential of 288 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mAcm−2, a lower Tafel slope of 38.76 mVdec−1, and a long cycling stability over 100 h of continuous operation. A-site doping causes an alteration in the oxidation or valence states of the NiMn cations, their porosity, and the oxygen vacancies. This is evidenced in terms of the Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio modifying electronic properties and the surface which facilitates the OER properties of the catalyst. This is discussed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of the catalysts. The proposed work is promising for the synthesis and utilization of future catalyst electrodes for high-performance electrochemical water splitting