Frequency Control by Decentralized Controllable Heating Loads with H∞ controller

Many isolated small power systems are powered by diesel generators, which results in greater operating costs than interconnected large grids. It is therefore desirable to integrate renewable energy sources such as wind power into these small grids. However, due to the fluctuating power generation from renewable energy sources, frequency deviations of power systems become problematic. Distributed intelligent load control can be used to significantly increase renewable energy penetration and cut diesel fuel consumption. This paper presents a methodology for grid frequency control by electric water heaters as controllable loads. This system consists of diesel generator, wind farm, and loads. By applying a power consumption controller adopted from H∞control theory, grid frequency deviation is maintained around rated value. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulations

A Comparison of the Gingival Health of Children with Down Syndrome to Healthy Children Residing in an Institution

The purpose of this study was to compare the onset and severity of gingivitis in children with Down syndrome, when compared to a healthy control group of children. The subjects included 41 children with Down syndrome ages two to 14 years (mean age: 7.6 years) and 112 age-matched healthy controls. We assessed the gingival health of all subjects using the gingival inflammation (M-PMA) index and periodontal probing depth (PD). Children were divided into three age categories: <5 years (AD, 5 to <10 years (AID, and 10 to <17 years (AIII). Supragingival plaque was measured using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and the subjects were screened with the BANA test (Perioscan-Oral-B). Measurement of the M-PMA index in the healthy children showed an age-related increase (F = 10.369. p<0.001), and the M-PMA index at the younger age group <5 year (AD was significantly lower than that for the other two age groups AII or AIII (p<0.005, p<0.001). In contrast, the M-PMA index values at AI and AIII in the subjects with Down syndrome were significantly higher than those for healthy children (p<0.001, p<0.001). Both groups had an age-related increase in PD (F=3.388, p<0.05 & F= 10.806, p<0.001). and PD at AIII was significantly higher than that at AI in both groups (p<0.01, p<0.001). The children with Down syndrome showed an age-related increase in the BANA test score (F=3.452, p<0.05), and the BANA test score at AIII was significantly higher than that at AI (p<0.02). The BANA test score in the healthy children was not age-related but was significantly higher than that in the children with Down syndrome (p<0.02, p<0.05).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72264/1/j.1754-4505.2006.tb01504.x.pd

A REPARAÇÃO POR DANOS EXTRAPATRIMONIAIS NA RELAÇÃO DE TRABALHO E A OFENSA GRAVÍSSIMA

Este estudo tem por premissa, discutir a tarifação do dano extrapatrimonial, uma inovação ao ordenamento jurídico pátrio, trazido pela Reforma Trabalhista (Lei n. 13.467/17). Assim, tem-se por objetivo, analisar a constitucionalidade do dano extrapatrimonial disposto no artigo 223 G, parágrafo 1° da CLT, em cotejo com os princípios correlatos à matéria, para fins e discussão acerca do espectro de alcance da parametrização da reparação extrapatrimonial, definida como de natureza gravíssima, a partir da avaliação das normas correlatas. A pesquisa aborda a evolução histórica do trabalho, perpassando pelas modalidades de responsabilidade civil do empregador, e por fim, analisa o teor do art. 223-G, § 1°, IV, da CLT, sempre à luz da norma constitucional, com vistas a perquirir se o novel artigo cumpre atender ao disposto nos princípios da norma da igualdade, da reparação integral do dano e da dignidade da pessoa humana. A perquirição da pesquisa centra-se na seguinte problematização: os critérios trazidos pela Reforma Trabalhista para fins de tarifação acerca do quantum da reparação civil a título de dano extrapatrimonial no Direito do Trabalho são suficientes para quantificar o dano extrapatrimonial? Tem-se por método a pesquisa bibliográfica, através da análise da norma, da construção doutrinária e produção jurisprudencial, com especial, no que tange às decisões dos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho. &nbsp;Tem-se como referencial teórico, Cairo Júnior (2016), Romar (2017), Tremel e Calcini (2018), Gonçalves (2019), Martinez (2020) dentre outros. Ao final do estudo, os resultados da pesquisa permitem concluir pela inconstitucionalidade do art. 223-G, § 1°, IV, da CLT, à luz das reiteradas decisões dos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho e da doutrina pertinente. O resultado da pesquisa demonstrou que a jurisprudenciais produzidas pelos tribunais trabalhistas, são no sentido de declarar a inconstitucionalidade do artigo 223-G, § 1°, da CLT, que trata da tarifação do dano extrapatrimonial, essa também é a posição das autoras

A REPARAÇÃO POR DANOS EXTRAPATRIMONIAIS NA RELAÇÃO DE TRABALHO E A OFENSA GRAVÍSSIMA

Este estudo tem por premissa, discutir a tarifação do dano extrapatrimonial, uma inovação ao ordenamento jurídico pátrio, trazido pela Reforma Trabalhista (Lei n. 13.467/17). Assim, tem-se por objetivo, analisar a constitucionalidade do dano extrapatrimonial disposto no artigo 223 G, parágrafo 1° da CLT, em cotejo com os princípios correlatos à matéria, para fins e discussão acerca do espectro de alcance da parametrização da reparação extrapatrimonial, definida como de natureza gravíssima, a partir da avaliação das normas correlatas. A pesquisa aborda a evolução histórica do trabalho, perpassando pelas modalidades de responsabilidade civil do empregador, e por fim, analisa o teor do art. 223-G, § 1°, IV, da CLT, sempre à luz da norma constitucional, com vistas a perquirir se o novel artigo cumpre atender ao disposto nos princípios da norma da igualdade, da reparação integral do dano e da dignidade da pessoa humana. A perquirição da pesquisa centra-se na seguinte problematização: os critérios trazidos pela Reforma Trabalhista para fins de tarifação acerca do quantum da reparação civil a título de dano extrapatrimonial no Direito do Trabalho são suficientes para quantificar o dano extrapatrimonial? Tem-se por método a pesquisa bibliográfica, através da análise da norma, da construção doutrinária e produção jurisprudencial, com especial, no que tange às decisões dos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho. &nbsp;Tem-se como referencial teórico, Cairo Júnior (2016), Romar (2017), Tremel e Calcini (2018), Gonçalves (2019), Martinez (2020) dentre outros. Ao final do estudo, os resultados da pesquisa permitem concluir pela inconstitucionalidade do art. 223-G, § 1°, IV, da CLT, à luz das reiteradas decisões dos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho e da doutrina pertinente. O resultado da pesquisa demonstrou que a jurisprudenciais produzidas pelos tribunais trabalhistas, são no sentido de declarar a inconstitucionalidade do artigo 223-G, § 1°, da CLT, que trata da tarifação do dano extrapatrimonial, essa também é a posição das autoras

ADPF N. 347/2015: O DESCONTINGENCIAMENTO DO FUNPEN E O EFEITO BLACKLASH

A presente pesquisa desenvolve-se com o escopo de analisar a repercussão das decisões emanadas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal nos autos da ADPF n. 347/2015, em que foi declarado o Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional (ECI) do sistema carcerário brasileiro. Em paralelo, tem-se a análise do constitucionalismo moderno que permite tanto a aplicação do ECI pelo STF quanto o surgimento de um fenômeno, cuja conceituação remonta aos EUA, denominado como backlash, caracterizado pela reação social (via Legislativo, Executivo ou Sociedade diretamente) contra decisões de cunho político ou polarizado emanadas da Corte Constitucional. No caso da ADPF n. 347/2015, observa-se o aparecimento do backlash na edição da MP 755/2016, bem como de sucessiva diminuição de repasses de verbas ao FUNPEN, em nítida oposição à decisão do STF de descontingenciar o fundo para financiar medidas com o escopo de superar o ECI. Em resposta, a Defensoria Pública da União ingressou no STF questionando as medidas adotadas pela União. Por meio dos métodos hipotético-dedutivo, bem como dialético aplicados a pesquisa bibliográfica, o trabalho mostra o que se espera do STF em matéria de decisão na reclamação da DPU, bem como teoriza a ocorrência do backlash no contexto do debate sobre o sistema carcerário do Brasil

Loss of SOCS3 in T helper cells resulted in reduced immune responses and hyperproduction of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor–β1

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 is a major negative feedback regulator of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3-activating cytokines. Transgenic mouse studies indicate that high levels of SOCS3 in T cells result in type 2 T helper cell (Th2) skewing and lead to hypersensitivity to allergic diseases. To define the physiological roles of SOCS3 in T cells, we generated T cell–specific SOCS3 conditional knockout mice. We found that the mice lacking SOCS3 in T cells showed reduced immune responses not only to ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness but also to Leishmania major infection. In vitro, SOCS3-deficient CD4+ T cells produced more transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10, but less IL-4 than control T cells, suggesting preferential Th3-like differentiation. We found that STAT3 positively regulates TGF-β1 promoter activity depending on the potential STAT3 binding sites. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that more STAT3 was recruited to the TGF-β1 promoter in SOCS3-deficient T cells than in control T cells. The activated STAT3 enhanced TGF-β1 and IL-10 expression in T cells, whereas the dominant-negative form of STAT3 suppressed these. From these findings, we propose that SOCS3 regulates the production of the immunoregulatory cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-10 through modulating STAT3 activation

Development of Antibodies against HPV-6 and HPV-11 for the Study of Laryngeal Papilloma

Laryngeal papilloma (LP), which is associated with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV)-6 or -11, displays aggressive growth. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the tumorigenesis of LP has yet to be uncovered. Building on our earlier research into HPV-6, in this study, the viral gene expression of HPV-11 was investigated by quantitative PCR and DNA/RNA in situ hybridization. Additionally, newly developed antibodies against the E4 protein of HPV-6 and HPV-11 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The average viral load of HPV-11 in LP was 1.95 ± 0.66 × 105 copies/ng DNA, and 88% of HPV mRNA expression was found to be E4, E5a, and E5b mRNAs. According to RNA in situ hybridization, E4 and E5b mRNAs were expressed from the middle to upper part of the epithelium. E4 immunohistochemistry revealed a wide positive reaction in the upper cell layer in line with E4 mRNA expression. Other head and neck lesions with HPV-11 infection also showed a positive reaction in E4 immunohistochemistry. The distribution pattern of HPV DNA, viral mRNA, and E4 protein in LP with HPV-11 infection was quite similar to that of HPV-6. Therefore, it might be possible to apply these E4-specific antibodies in other functional studies as well as clinical applications, including targeted molecular therapies in patients with HPV-6 and HPV-11 infection

Update on the Keio collection of Escherichia coli single-gene deletion mutants

The Keio collection (Baba et al, 2006) has been established as a set of single‐gene deletion mutants of Escherichia coli K‐12. These mutants have a precisely designed deletion from the second codon from the seventh to the last codon of each predicted ORF. Further information is available at http://sal.cs.purdue.edu:8097/GB7/index.jsp or http://ecoli.naist.jp/. The distribution is now being handled by the National Institute of Genetics of Japan (http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/ecoli/pec/index.jsp). To date more than 4 million samples have been distributed worldwide. As we described earlier (Baba et al, 2006), gene amplification during construction is likely to have led to a small number of mutants with genetic duplications

Genome Wide Transcriptome Analysis of Dendritic Cells Identifies Genes with Altered Expression in Psoriasis

Activation of dendritic cells by different pathogens induces the secretion of proinflammatory mediators resulting in local inflammation. Importantly, innate immunity must be properly controlled, as its continuous activation leads to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN) induced tolerance, a phenomenon of transient unresponsiveness of cells to repeated or prolonged stimulation, proved valuable model for the study of chronic inflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was the identification of the transcriptional diversity of primary human immature dendritic cells (iDCs) upon PGN induced tolerance. Using SAGESeq approach, a tag-based transcriptome sequencing method, we investigated gene expression changes of primary human iDCs upon stimulation or restimulation with Staphylococcus aureus derived PGN, a widely used TLR2 ligand. Based on the expression pattern of the altered genes, we identified non-tolerizeable and tolerizeable genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (Kegg) analysis showed marked enrichment of immune-, cell cycle- and apoptosis related genes. In parallel to the marked induction of proinflammatory mediators, negative feedback regulators of innate immunity, such as TNFAIP3, TNFAIP8, Tyro3 and Mer are markedly downregulated in tolerant cells. We also demonstrate, that the expression pattern of TNFAIP3 and TNFAIP8 is altered in both lesional, and non-lesional skin of psoriatic patients. Finally, we show that pretreatment of immature dendritic cells with anti-TNF-α inhibits the expression of IL-6 and CCL1 in tolerant iDCs and partially releases the suppression of TNFAIP8. Our findings suggest that after PGN stimulation/restimulation the host cell utilizes different mechanisms in order to maintain critical balance between inflammation and tolerance. Importantly, the transcriptome sequencing of stimulated/restimulated iDCs identified numerous genes with altered expression to date not associated with role in chronic inflammation, underlying the relevance of our in vitro model for further characterization of IFNprimed iDCs

Zoledronic acid inhibits macrophage SOCS3 expression and enhances cytokine production

Suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3 (SOCS3) has multiple functions including inhibition of Janus kinase (Jak) activity, regulation of protein degradation, and suppression of cytokine signaling. SOCS3 modulates macrophage response to cytokines such as IL‐6 and leptin that are systemically induced in obesity. Obesity is a suspected risk factor for SOCS3‐related pathology such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease as well as zoledronic acid (ZA)‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Thus, understanding the ability of bisphosphonates to modulate SOCS3 is necessary to qualify their contribution to these disorders. ONJ occurs in up to 10% of patients using intravenous bisphosphonates and has an unknown pathogenesis that may be linked to decreased bone turnover, altered vascularity, bacterial invasion, and compromised wound healing. Given the increased risk of ONJ with obesity and importance of macrophages in wound healing, we hypothesized that amino‐bisphosphonates could contribute to the pathogenesis of ONJ by regulating macrophage responses to cytokines such as leptin and IL‐6. We report that ZA is a novel inhibitor of SOCS3 in primary macrophages and human ONJ biopsy specimens. Inhibition of SOCS3 by ZA resulted in significant increases in IL‐6 production. SOCS3 transcription is regulated by nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated‐Stat3 (P‐Stat3). We found that ZA decreased phosphorylation of Stat3 in a mevalonate‐pathway dependent manner. However, restoration of P‐Stat3 was not sufficient to correct SOCS3 inhibition. We propose that disruption of macrophage SOCS3 expression by amino‐bisphosphonates such as ZA may be a novel contributor to inflammatory phenotypes in obesity and the pathogenesis of ONJ. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3364–3372, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87102/1/23267_ftp.pd