First Record of the Poorly Known Skink Sphenomorphus oligolepis (Boulenger, 1914) (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from Seram Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia

Based on four specimens discovered in the collection of The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, we present a new distribution record for the skink Sphenomorphus oligolepis for Seram Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia. This find constitutes the westernmost record for the species and extends its range by over 800 km. The species was heretofore only known from apparently isolated mainland New Guinean populations

First captive breeding of a night skink (Scincidae: Eremiascincus) from Timor-Leste, Lesser Sunda Islands, with remarks on the reproductive biology of the genus

We report two instances of captive breeding in a species of Timorese night skink (genus Eremiascincus Greer, 1979) in October and December 2012. Four and three neonates, respectively, with total lengths of ca 40 mm each, were discovered during routine maintenance of a terrarium, in which three adult animals (1 male, 2 females) were kept. The absence of eggshells in the terrarium and the unlikelihood of post-eclosion oophagy by the adults suggest that the reproductive mode of the species is viviparous. We also provide a summary of available information pertaining to the reproductive biology of other members of the genus Eremiascincus

An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

We describe a new species of Cylindrophis currently known only from Grabag, Purworejo Regency, Jawa Tengah Province (Central Java), Java, Indonesia. Cylindrophis subocularis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a single, eponymous subocular scale between the 3rd and 4th or 4th and 5th supralabial, preventing contact between the 4th or 5th supralabial and the orbit, and by having the prefrontal in narrow contact with or separated from the orbit. We preface our description with a detailed account of the tangled taxonomic history of the similar and putatively wide-ranging species C. ruffus, which leads us to (1) remove the name Scytale scheuchzeri from the synonymy of C. ruffus, (2) list the taxon C. rufa var. javanica as species inquirenda, and (3) synonymize C. mirzae with C. ruffus. We provide additional evidence to confirm that the type locality of C. ruffus is Java. Cylindrophis subocularis sp. nov. is the second species of Asian pipesnake from Java

Redescription of Cyrtodactylus fumosus (Müller, 1895) (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), with a revised identification key to the bent-toed geckos of Sulawesi

The binominal Cyrtodactylus fumosus has frequently been used for populations of bent-toed geckos occurring on some Indonesian islands, including Java, Bali, Sulawesi, and Halmahera. Unfortunately, incorrect usage of this name for different geographic lineages has resulted in confusion about the true identity of C. fumosus. Examination of the type specimen and additional specimens from Rurukan and Mount Masarang, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, revealed that this population is distinct from other forms heretofore called ‘fumosus’ by a combination of unique morphological characters. In order to stabilize the taxonomy of C. fumosus sensu stricto, and to prevent further confusion, we provide a comprehensive redescription of this species, whose distribution we herein restrict to North Sulawesi. Cyrtodactylus fumosus is one of the most distinctive species among the six bent-toed geckos recorded from Sulawesi, and it differs from Sulawesi congeners by the presence of (1) precloacofemoral scales, including three pore-bearing scales on each thigh, separated from 10 or 11 pore-bearing scales in the precloacal region by 9-11 interscales in males, (2) a precloacal groove in adult males, (3) flat dorsal tubercles in 4-7 irregularly arranged longitudinal rows at midbody, and (4) a distinct lateral fold lacking tubercles. We also provide a revised identification key to the bent-toed gecko species of Sulawesi

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Cylindrophis

<p> <b> The genus <i>Cylindrophis</i>.</b> </p> <p> The henophidian snake genus <i>Cylindrophis</i> Wagler, 1828 currently comprises 13 secretive, semifossorial species, including <i>C</i>. <i>aruensis</i> Boulenger, 1920; <i>C</i>. <i>boulengeri</i> Roux, 1911; <i>C</i>. <i>burmanus</i> Smith, 1943; <i>C</i>. <i>engkariensis</i> Stuebing, 1994; <i>C</i>. <i>isolepis</i> Boulenger, 1896; <i>C</i>. <i>jodiae</i> Amarasinghe <i>et al</i>., 2015; <i>C</i>. <i>lineatus</i> Blanford, 1881; <i>C</i>. <i>maculatus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758); <i>C</i>. <i>melanotus</i> Wagler, 1828; <i>C</i>. <i>mirzae</i> Amarasinghe <i>et al</i>., 2015; <i>C</i>. <i>opisthorhodus</i> Boulenger, 1897; <i>C</i>. <i>ruffus</i> (Laurenti, 1768); and <i>C</i>. <i>yamdena</i> Smith & Sidik, 1998 (see Wallach <i>et al</i>. 2014; Amarasinghe <i>et al</i>. 2015). These snakes are collectively referred to as Asian pipesnakes due to their cylindrical appearance, with a body of near-uniform diameter. Members of the genus are small- to mediumsized (total length 125–857 mm), rather stout-bodied snakes that may be defined on the basis of the following eidonomic characters: (1) a relatively blunt head with minute eyes, head not distinct from neck, bearing a mental groove; (2) absence of true gastrosteges, with ventral scales only slightly larger than or equal in size to dorsal scales; (3) presence of a pair of pelvic spurs (= cloacal spurs) in both sexes; (4) a very short tail, often with conspicuous ventral coloration; and (5) contrasting light and dark ventral blotching (e.g., de Rooij 1917; Smith 1943; Taylor 1965; Greene 1973; pers. obs.). The conspicuous ventral color pattern plays a vital role in the defensive behavior of <i>Cylindrophis</i> species. When threatened, pipesnakes will flatten the posterior portion of their body and arch it above the ground to display their ventral pattern, while the head remains concealed among the body coils (e.g., Flower 1899; Barbour 1912; Smith 1927, 1943; Campden-Main 1970; Deuve 1970; Greene 1973).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Cylindrophis</i> is a widely distributed genus (Flower 1899; de Rooij 1917; Smith 1943; Lal Hora & Jayaram 1949; Taylor 1965; Campden-Main 1970; Deuve 1970; McDowell 1975; in den Bosch 1985; Stuebing 1991; Adler <i>et al</i>. 1992; Iskandar 1998; Zug <i>et al</i>. 1998; McDiarmid <i>et al</i>. 1999; Orlov <i>et al</i>. 2000; de Lang 2011) with species occurring from Sri Lanka (one species) throughout the continental and insular parts of Southeast Asia (12 species currently recognized). In Southeast Asia the genus is distributed from southern China and Hong Kong through Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore including Singapore, south to the Greater Sunda Islands (Borneo, Sumatra, Java, as well as some of their offshore islands), Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Komodo, Flores, Sumbawa, Timor), and east to the Maluku Islands (Halmahera, Wetar, Damar, Babar, and into the Tanimbar Archipelago); the eastern distributional limit, the Aru Islands, was considered questionable by Iskandar (1998). However, within this vast range, smaller-scale zoogeographic patterns, phylogenetic relationships, and even the true species richness of the genus remain poorly known.</p> <p> Many species of <i>Cylindrophis</i>, especially those from the eastern end of the distribution (e.g., <i>C</i>. <i>aruensis</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>boulengeri</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>isolepis</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>yamdena</i>), are known from very few specimens (McDowell 1975; Iskandar 1998; Smith & Sidik 1998). This is likely due to both the remoteness of the eastern Indonesian islands and the secretive lifestyle of these snakes, and <i>Cylindrophis</i> diversity in this region may still be underestimated. Even on Borneo, an island with a relatively well-studied herpetofauna (Das 2004), Stuebing (1994) discovered <i>C</i>. <i>engkariensis</i>, a species with a potentially very restricted range. More recently, Amarasinghe <i>et al</i>. (2015) described two new species (one from Singapore and one from Vietnam) that had been masquerading under the name <i>C</i>. <i>ruffus</i>. However, the descriptions and redescriptions (including of <i>C</i>. <i>ruffus</i>) presented by these authors contain some inaccuracies, including descriptive errors, which unfortunately increase the complexity of an already intricate taxonomic situation.</p>Published as part of <i>Kieckbusch, Max, Mecke, Sven, Hartmann, Lukas & Ehrmantraut, Lisa, 2016, An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768), pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 4093 (1)</i> on page 2, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/270943">http://zenodo.org/record/270943</a&gt

An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

Kieckbusch, Max, Mecke, Sven, Hartmann, Lukas, Ehrmantraut, Lisa (2016): An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768). Zootaxa 4093 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.

A new species of Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Boano Island, northern Maluku Province, Indonesia

Kieckbusch, Max, Mader, Felix, Kaiser, Hinrich, Mecke, Sven (2018): A new species of Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Boano Island, northern Maluku Province, Indonesia. Zootaxa 4486 (3): 236-250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.

Cyrtodactylus klakahensis Hartmann, Mecke, Kieckbusch, Mader & Kaiser, 2016, sp. nov.

Cyrtodactylus klakahensis sp. nov. English: Klakah bent-toed gecko; German: Klakah Bogenfinger-Gecko Chresonym: Cyrtodactylus fumosus — Mertens 1934, Archiv für Hydrobiologie: 689 Figures 1 –3; Table 2 & 3 Holotype. SMF 22476 (Figures 1 & 3 A–C; Table 2), an adult male, collected in 1928 or 1929 by members of the Deutsche Limnologische Sunda-Expedition at Klakah, Lumajang Regency, Jawa Timur Province, Java, Indonesia. Paratypes. SMF 22477 (Figure 2 A; Table 2), an adult male; SMF 22478 (Figure 2 B; Table 2), an adult female; and SMF 22479 (Figure 2 C; Table 2), an unsexed juvenile. All specimens have the same collection information as the holotype. Character Abbreviation Definition Snout-vent length SVL from tip of snout to cloaca Axial length AxialL from axilla to groin Tail length TailL length of original tail, from cloaca to tip of tail Arm length ArmL from insertion of antebrachium with body wall to claw of longest finger Leg length LegL from insertion of femur with body wall to claw of longest toe Head length HeadL from tip of snout to articulation of quadrate bone Head width HeadW measured at level of ear openings Head height HeadH measured at level of ear opening Snout length SnoutL from tip of snout to anterior margin of orbit Orbit-ear length OrbEarL from posterior margin of orbit to anterior margin of ear opening Orbital diameter OrbD from anterior to posterior margin of orbit Ear length EarL from anterior to posterior margin of ear opening Mental length MentalL maximum length of mental shield Mental width MentalW maximum width of mental shield Dorsal tubercles DTR number of tubercle rows on dorsum at midbody, counted in one row between lateral folds Paravertebral tubercles PVT number of tubercles counted in a longitudinal row between posterior insertion of fore limb and anterior insertion of hind limb Ventral scales VS number of ventral scales at midbody, counted in one row between lateral folds Precloacofemoral scales PFS number of enlarged precloacofemoral scales, counted along lowest, pore- bearing row Precloacofemoral pores PFP number of precloacofemoral pores Postcloacal tubercles PCT number of postcloacal tubercles Subdigital lamellae under 4 th LT 4 subdigital scales under 4 th toe, counted from first enlarged scale (true toe lamellae) on lower side of toe to scale proximal to apical scale Supralabial scales 1 SupraLab 1 labial scales of upper jaw, beginning with first enlarged scale bordering rostral shield, ending with last enlarged scale bordering labial angle Supralabial scales 2 SupraLab 2 labial scales of upper jaw, beginning with first enlarged scale bordering rostral shield, ending with enlarged scale below anterior margin of orbit Infralabial scales InfraLab labial scales of lower jaw, beginning with first scale bordering mental shield, ending with last enlarged scale bordering labial angle Internasal scales InterNas number of scales between rostronasals, bordering rostral shield Supraciliar scales SC number of enlarged scales extending from anterior-ventral to posterior- medial edge of orbit Interorbital scales IOS number of scales counted in one row between medial edges of orbits across occiput Gular scales GulS number of gular scales bordering pair of 1 st postmentals (excluding enlarged second 2 nd postmentals) Definition. Cyrtodactylus klakahensis can be distinguished from all other congeners occuring in the Greater Sunda Islands (including Sulawesi) and Lesser Sunda Islands by the following combination of characters: (1) a deep precloacal groove in males, (2) three rows of enlarged precloacofemoral scales, of which the third row bears 37–38 pores in males, (3) three or four rows of posterior precloacal scales, (4) raised and strongly keeled dorsal tubercles in 15–19 rows at midbody, (5) an indistinct lateral fold, (6) 17–20 subdigital lamellae under the 4 th toe, and (7) subcaudal scales which are not transversely enlarged. Comparison with other species. The new species can be readily distinguished from the Greater Sunda Island congeners Cyrtodactylus batik Iskandar et al., 2011, C. consobrinus (Peters, 1871), C. ingeri Hikida, 1990, C. jellesmae (Boulenger, 1897), C. lateralis (Werner, 1896), C. malayanus (de Rooij, 1915), C. matsuii Hikida, 1990, C. semiadii Riyanto et al., 2014, C. quadrivirgatus Taylor, 1962, C. wallacei Hayden et al., 2008, and C. yoshii Hikida, 1990, and from the Lesser Sunda Island species C. darmandvillei (Weber, 1890), C. gordongekkoi (Das, 1993), C. laevigatus Darevsky, 1964, and C. wetariensis (Dunn, 1927) by the presence of a deep precloacal groove in males, bearing five pores. Data in Table 3 allow a detailed comparison of C. klakahensis with all other Sundanese bent-toed geckos, and additional characters to distinguish the new species from taxa without a precloacal groove are listed therein. In the following comparisons with species that also possess a precloacal groove, including Cyrtodactylus agamensis (Bleeker, 1860), C. baluensis (Mocquard, 1890), C. cavernicolus Inger & King, 1961, C. celatus Kathriner et al., 2014, C. fumosus, C. marmoratus, C. psarops Harvey et al. 2015, C. pubisulcus Inger, 1958, C. semicinctus Harvey et al. 2015, and C. spinosus Linkem et al., 2008, the characters for C. klakahensis are provided in parentheses. Cyrtodactylus agamensis (data from Rösler et al. 2007, based on the single known specimen, an adult female) possesses 67 (35–38) VS; 26 (17–20) LT 4; 54 enlarged PFS (38–40); and a single enlarged scale in the precloacal groove (five scales in the precloacal groove). Cyrtodactylus baluensis (data from Hikida 1990 and obtained from specimens listed in the Appendix) possesses precloacal scales that are separated from the femoral scales (enlarged PFS in both sexes); 4–10 precloacal- and 9–11 femoral pores in males (37–38 PFP in a continuous series in males); no posterior precloacal scales (posterior precloacal scales present); and enlarged subcaudals (enlarged subcaudals absent). Cyrtodactylus cavernicolus (data from Grismer & Leong 2005) possesses 51–58 (35–38) VS; 22–26 (17–20) LT 4; no enlarged femoral scales (enlarged PFS in three rows present in both sexes); no femoral pores (pores, including those on the femur, present in males); and dorsal bands (dorsal blotches). Cyrtodactylus celatus (data from Kathriner et al. 2014; Rösler & Kaiser, in press.; and obtained from specimens listed in the Appendix) is a small-sized species with adult SVL of 38.4−43.6 mm (61.1−68.1 mm) that possesses no femoral pores (pores, including those on the femur, present in males). Cyrtodactylus fumosus (data obtained from specimens listed in the Appendix) possesses widely scattered, roundish, flat, and smooth dorsal tubercles in 4–7 rows at midbody (closely arranged, trihedral, raised, and strongly keeled dorsal tubercles in 15–19 rows at midbody); no or a low number of scattered tubercles on the limbs (limbs strongly tuberculated); a total number of 16 pores, ten of which are precloacal pores, separated from three femoral pores by ten enlarged pore-less scales 1 in males (37–38 PFP in a continuous series in males); and an ear opening forming a horizontal cleft 2 (ear opening vertically elongated). Cyrtodactylus marmoratus (data from Rösler et al. 2007 and obtained from specimens listed in the Appendix) possesses 38–47 (35–38) VS; 48–56 3 (38–40) enlarged PFS; 45–53 4 (37–38) PFP in males; and pores present in females (no pores present in females). Based on our examinations, C. marmoratus also lacks posterior precloacal scales (posterior precloacal scales present), possesses a different arrangement of postmental and gular scales, and has differently shaped postcloacal tubercles. The reader is referred to Figure 3 for a comparison of the shape and arrangement of dorsal tubercles at midbody, the precloacal region in males, and the postmental and gular scale pattern between C. klakahensis, C. fumosus, and C. marmoratus. Cyrtodactylus psarops possesses weakly keeled dorsal tubercles in 23–26 rows at midbody (strongly keeled tubercles in 15–19 rows at midbody); tubercles often present on the brachium (tubercles on brachium absent); 38–49 (35–38) VS; 28–32 (37– 38) PFP in males; a single, greatly enlarged, pore-bearing scale at the apex of the pore-bearing scale series (apical scale of pore-series not greatly enlarged); no posterior precloacal scales (posterior precloacal scales present); and a single (2–3) PCT. Cyrtodactylus pubisulcus (data from Hikida 1990; Das & Jim 2000; and obtained from specimens listed in the Appendix) possesses 37–58 (35–38) VS; no enlarged femoral scales (enlarged PFS present); no femoral pores (pores, including those on the femur, present in males); and no posterior precloacal scales (precloacal scales present). Cyrtodactylus semicinctus possesses weakly keeled dorsal tubercles in 24–27 rows at midbody (strongly keeled tubercles in 15–19 rows at midbody); and a single, greatly enlarged, pore-bearing scale at apex of the pore-bearing scale series (apical scale of pore-series not greatly enlarged). Cyrtodactylus spinosus (data from Linkem et al. 2008) possesses 38–44 5 (35–38) VS; no femoral pores (pores, including those on the femur, present in males); and lateral and caudal spines (lateral and caudal spines absent). 1. Boulenger (1897) provided a count of 42 PFP for C. fumosus. We re-examined the material used by Boulenger, which is clearly conspecific with the type specimen housed in NMB, and found that his single adult male specimen (BMNH 1896.12. 9.3, from Rurukan, North Sulawesi) does not possess a continuous series of PFP. De Rooij (1915) provided a count of 42–52 PFP, but included data of specimens from Sulawesi (C. fumosus), Halmahera (identified as C. philippinicus [Steindachner, 1867] by Boettger [1900] and subsequently described as a new taxon currently known as C. halmahericus [Mertens, 1929]), and Java (misidentified C. marmoratus) in her definition of C. fumosus (see Brongersma 1934). De Rooij’s (1915) count of 42–52 PFP for C. fumosus is often cited in the literature (e.g., Oliver et al. 2009; Chan & Norhayati 2010; Grismer et al. 2012), although this count is incorrect as demonstrated by our examination and literature survey (see also Remarks on the taxonomy of C. fumosus). 2. De Rooij (1915) and Brongersma (1934) attributed the shape of the ear-opening to the state of preservation. We examined well preserved specimens of C. fumosus sensu stricto that exhibited a horizontal, slit-shaped ear opening, indicating that this character is taxonomically informative. 3. Although Rösler et al. (2007) provided a maximum count of 52 PFS for the type series, the lectotype of C. marmoratus (RMNH. RENA 2710 a. 1) possesses 56 PFS. 4. Rösler et al. (2007) provided a count of 45–50 PFP for male C. marmoratus, with the lectotype stated to have 45 pores. However, the lectotype possesses 52 PFP. 5. Linkem et al. (2008; Table 1) listed 38−44 VS for C. spinosus (counts listed for individual specimens), while in their comparative table (Table 2) they provided a range of 40−43 VS. TABLE 3. Characters used to distinguish Cyrtodactylus klakahensis sp. nov. from congeneric species occurring in the Sunda Islands (including Sulawesi). The presence of a diagnostic character is coded as ʻ 1 ʼ, the absence of a character is coded as ʻ0ʼ. For taxa possessing precloacofemoral scales (= scales in a continuous series; column entitled ‘ 9 ’), precloacal- and femoral scales (separated each other by infrascales) are coded ‘n/a’ (columns entitled ‘ 7 ’ and ‘ 8 ’). Numbers at the head of the table correspond to characters as follows: 1 = tubercles on forelimbs, 2 = tubercles on hindlimbs, 3 = tubercles on head, 4 = number of ventral scales, 5 = enlarged subcaudals, 6 = number of subdigital lamellae under 4 th toe, 7 = enlarged precloacal scales (and number of pores in parentheses if present; if pores are present in one sex only, this is indicated either by ‘♂’ or ʻ♀ʼ), 8 = enlarged femoral scales (and number of pores in parentheses if present; if pores are present in sex only, this is indicated either by ‘♂’ or ʻ♀ʼ), 9 = enlarged precloacofemoral scales (and number of pores in parentheses if present; if pores are present in males only this is indicated by ‘♂’), = pores in a continuous series, 11 = precloacal groove present (if a groove is present in males only, this is indicated by ‘♂’), 12 = pattern of dorsum (bd = banded; bl = blotched; mo = mottling; pl patternless; st = striped). If data for a character are not available, this is indicated by a ‘?’. Where derived from the literature (‘Lit.’ column), references are abbreviated by letters as follows: A = publication; B = Rösler et al. 2007; C = Grismer & Leong 2005; D = Manthey & Grossmann 1997; E = Iskandar et al. 2011; F = Inger & King 1961; G = Kathriner et al. 2014; H = Rösler & Kaiser, in press.; I = Hikida 1990; J = de Rooij 1915; K = Brongersma 1934; L = Boulenger 1897; M = Das 1993; N = Youmans & Grismer 2006; O = Auffenberg 1980; P = Darevsky 1964; Q = Werner 1896; R = Das 2010; S = Harvey et al. 2015; T = Inger 1958; U = Riyanto et al. 2014; V = Linkem et al. 2008; W = Taylor 1962; X = Hayden et al. 2008; Y = Dunn 1927. Under the column heading ʻ n ʼ we provide the number of adult specimens we examined personally. ingeri 65– 76 1 1 1 40–43 1 23–27 1 (8, only ♂♂ known) 0 0 0 0 bl I, N -...continued on next page spinosus 70– 83 1 1 1 38−44 0 19–21 1 (12–13, ♂) d 1 (? e) 0 0 1 (♂) bd V - Cyrtodactylus agamensis is known from a single female only (see Rösler et al. 2007). Hence, it is not known at present if males possess pores. Harvey et al. (2015) did not provide ranges for adult specimens of C. psarops and C. semicinctus. In female C. psarops, pores can either be arranged continuously, discontinuously, or can be absent altogether. Harvey et al. (2015) only provided counts for total pore numbers, but failed to indicate individual counts for the pore-bearing parts of separated pore series. In their diagnosis and Table 1, Linkem et al. (2008) listed 12–13 precloacal pores for C. spinosus, whereas in their Table 2, they listed only 8–12 precloacal pores. According to the diagnosis in Linkem et al. (2008), C. spinosus lacks femoral pores; it was listed as possessing 4–7 femoral pores in their Table 2. FIGURE 3. Comparison of the shape and arrangement of dorsal tubercles at midbody, the precloacal region in males, and the postmental and gular scale pattern between Cyrtodactylus klakahensis sp. nov., C. fumosus, and C. marmoratus. Cyrtodacytlus klakahensis sp. nov.: A) Closely arranged, trihedral, raised, and strongly keeled dorsal tubercles at midbody; B) eidonomy of precloacofemoral scales (three series), precloacal groove, and posterior precloacal scales; C) gular region, showing the presence of enlarged 2 nd postmentals (photos and drawings of SMF 22476, holotype). Cyrtodactylus fumosus: D) Widely scattered, roundish, flat, and smooth dorsal tubercles at midbody; E) eidonomy of precloacofemoral scales (only one series distinctly enlarged), precloacal groove, and posterior precloacal scales; F) gular region, indicating the absence of enlarged 2 nd postmentals (D, F = NMB-REPT 2662, holotype; E = BMNH 1896.12.9.3). Cyrtodactylus marmoratus: G) Closely arranged, slightly raised and keeled dorsal tubercles at midbody; H) eidonomy of precloacofemoral scales (three series) and precloacal groove, with posterior precloacal scales absent; I) gular region, indicating the absence of enlarged 2 nd postmentals and the presence of a single pair of enlarged gular scales bordering the single pair of enlarged postmentals posteriorly (G = MTKD 8903; H, I = RMNH. RENA 2710 a. 1, lectotype). Photos by Sven Mecke; line drawings by Felix Mader (based on photos by Sven Mecke). Description of the holotype. General habitus, metrics (in mm) and ratios. Adult male; SVL = 68.1; AxialL = 31.9; TailL = 61.7 (tail regenerated); ArmL = 25.9; LegL = 36.3; HeadL = 18.1; HeadW = 10.6; HeadH = 7.0; SnoutL = 7.6; OrbEarL = 5.9; OrbD = 3.7; EarL = 1.3; head length moderate (HeadL/SVL = 0.27); head rather wide (HeadW/HeadL = 0.59), clearly depressed between eyes, distinct from neck; snout rather elongate (SnoutL/ HeadL = 0.42), much longer than OrbD (SnoutL/OrbD = 2.10), canthus rostralis distinct; fore- and hindlimbs of moderate size (ArmL/SVL = 0.38; LegL/SVL = 0.53), without webbing between digits; relative length of fingers = IV> III> V> II> I, relative length of toes = IV> III> V> II> I. Scalation. Dorsal scales rounded and granulate, interspersed with distinctly enlarged, trihedral, raised, strongly keeled, and irregularly arranged dorsal tubercles (Figure 3 A); 19 DTR; 26 PVT; latero-dorsal tubercles most strongly keeled, tubercles on lateral portion of the trunk and PVT smaller and feebly keeled; tubercles on base of the tail largest, strongly keeled, pointed and elongate, in eight rows (the longer part of the tail is regenerated, without tubercles present); tubercles on forelimbs small, most prominent on the antebrachium; tubercles on hindlimbs similar in size and shape to latero-dorsal tubercles. Ventral scales distinctly larger than dorsals, juxtaposed; 38 VS; three series of enlarged PFS, lowest series possessing 40 scales, bearing 37 pores; pore series interrupted by a single, enlarged, pore-less PFS on the left femur (PFS at level of this pore-less scale irregularly arranged and/or smaller; due to an aberration likely caused by an injury); scales immediately posterior to the precloacal groove (posterior precloacal scales) enlarged, arranged in a chevron-like shape consisting of three series (from anterior to posterior: nine scales/ seven scales/ three scales) (Figures 1 B & 3 B); two domed PCT; number of lamellae under fingers: I 11, II 12, III 14, IV 15, V 15; number of lamellae under toes: I 14, II 16, III 18, IV 20, V 19. Rostral shield rectangular, about 0.6 time high as wide, partly divided by a suture dorsally, in contact with 1 st SupraLab, two rostronasals and a single InterNas; nostril surrounded by rostral, 1 st SupraLab, three post-nasals, and a single rostro-nasal; R 10 L 10 SupraLab 1, R 6 L 5 SupraLab 2, separated from the orbit by 2–3 rows of small granular scales; R 9 L 9 InfraLab, bordered by two rows of scales larger than granular scales on the throat; cephalic scales small, rounded, granulate and juxtaposed; tubercles on occiput and neck raised, bearing an apex; 43 IOS; 26 SC; mental triangular, wider than long (MentalL/MentalW = 1.4); one pair of enlarged 1 st postmentals, followed by a pair of enlarged 2 nd postmentals (Figure 3 C); pair of 1 st postmentals bordered by mental, 1 st InfraLab, enlarged 2 nd postmentals, and four GulS (Figure 3 C); scales on throat minute, rounded. Coloration. In preservative, ground color of dorsal surface of head and body Drab (19); head with indistinct Walnut Brown (27) colored reticulum; a Burnt Sienna (38) stripe running from the posterior border of the orbit to a point above the ear opening; light Pale Buff (1) labial scales and postmentals strongly stippled with darker color; dorsum with irregular, faint Warm Sepia (40) blotches, most visible on neck and at level of posterior margin of the forelimbs, between hindlimbs and base of tail; ground color of dorsal surface of limbs like body; venter, throat and lower surface of limbs uniformly Pale Buff (1), heavily dotted and stippled with dark markings of different size; color of regenerated tail Pale Pinkish Buff (3). Variation. Paratypes similar to holotype except as follows: Paratype SMF 22477 (adult male; Figure 2 A) with 17 DTR; 29 PVT; dorsal scales on original part of tail arranged in whorls, each ending in a row of four tubercles; 36 VS; a series of 38 PFS bearing 38 PFP in a continuous series; posterior precloacal scales arranged in a chevronlike shape consisting of four series of scales (from anterior to posterior: nine scales/ nine scales/ six scales/ three scales); three domed PCT; number of lamellae under fingers: I 14, II 14, III 14, IV 15, V 15 (counted on left side of the body; some fingers on right side damaged); number of lamellae under toes: I 12, II 15, III 16, IV 17, V 15; R 11 L 10 SupraLab 1, R 5 L 5 SupraLab 2; R 9 L 10 InfraLab; 27 SC; a single InterNas; a second dark stripe running from nostril to occiput, interrupted only by the orbit; a dark V-shaped collar present, followed by nine pairs of dark paravertebral blotches, larger than lateral ones, which may be fused to form bars anteriorly. Paratype SMF 22478 (adult female; Figure 2 B) with 17 DTR; 33 PVT; dorsal scales on original part of tail arranged in whorls, each ending in a row of four to six tubercles; 36 VS; 38 PFS, lacking pores; no sign of a precloacal groove; posterior precloacal scales arranged in a chevron-like shape consisting of three series of scales (from anterior to posterior: nine scales/ seven scales/ five scales); two domed PCT; number of lamellae under fingers: I 13, II 14, III 18, IV 16, V 13; number of lamellae under toes I 13, II 15, III 19, IV 17, V 19; R 10 L 11 SupraLab 1, R 5 L 6 SupraLab 2; R 8 L 10 InfraLab; 39 IOS; 33 SC; three InterNas; eight pairs of dark paravertebral blotches, which may be fused to form bars; original part of tail with six Burnt Sienna (38) colored bands. Paratype SMF 22479 (unsexed juvenile; Figure 2 C) with 15 DTR; dorsal surface on entirely original tail with scales arranged in whorls, ending in a row of tubercles, tubercles present on proximal quarter of tail only; 35 VS; 38 slightly enlarged PFS, lacking pores; no sign of a precloacal groove; posterior precloacal scales arranged in a chevron-like shape consisting of three series of scale

A new species of bent-toed gecko, genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Jawa Timur Province, Java, Indonesia, with taxonomic remarks on C. fumosus (Müller, 1895)

Hartmann, Lukas, Mecke, Sven, Kieckbusch, Max, Mader, Felix, Kaiser, Hinrich (2016): A new species of bent-toed gecko, genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Jawa Timur Province, Java, Indonesia, with taxonomic remarks on C. fumosus (Müller, 1895). Zootaxa 4067 (5): 552-568, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.