A Geographic Study on Level of Markets in Meiktila

The study area, Meiktila is situated in the southwestern part of Mandalay Region. Meiktila has good transport system with various regions of Myanmar. There are 9 markets in Meiktila. The main aim is to study the markets which serve as tertiary system in the study area. Normally the tertiary functions are consumer oriented and they need a certain number of consumers or the threshold population for their existence. They, therefore, used to locate in population centers or in areas with high accessibility. In this paper, the distribution of market is determined by using GIS based buffer analysis. As a result, distribution of these markets is a great difference with respect to their tributary area, size of their functions, transportation facilities, accessibility and location of market place. Therefore, it is needed to build better transport system to develop for levels of markets in the study area

Classifying the Fields of Subjects Using Case-Based Reasoning

Today text classification is a necessity due the very large amount of text documents that we have to deal with daily. Text classification is a task of assigning a text document into classes. In this thesis, the system will be implemented to classify the fields of subjects using case-based reasoning. This system includes two phases, training phase and classification phase. In these two phases, the system will perform the preprocessing step such as tokenize the document into individual word, remove the stop words and stemming the words as their root words (features). In training phase, the system uses Term-frequency –Inverse Document Frequency (TF/IDF) method to calculate the weight of terms (words) in the document. This weight is statistical measure which is used to evaluate how important a word in a collected document. In classification phase, the system uses the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (K-NN) to classify the new document as the appropriate fields. K-NN algorithm will retrieve the similar case in the case base by applying Euclidean distance measure. Thus, the system will classify the new document as the appropriate fields based on the retrieve case

Sustainability of Women’s Employment Rate for Malaysian Economic Development

This research paper develops a model for the sustainability of women’s employment rate in Malaysia’s economic development. This study examined annual data from 1982 to 2018, with 37 observations. A new econometric method was adopted to determine both short-run and long-run relationships among the variables using the Johansen Cointegration rank test, Vector Error Correction Method (VECM) with error correction model of cointegration equation. The VECM results revealed significant and positive short-term relationships between foreign direct investment, gross domestic product (GDP), and the negative short-term relationship of the lagged period of women’s employment rate to women employment rate (WER). The variables, GDP, education level, and women’s marital status are cointegrated and have a long-term relationship between WER in the cointegration equation. The Johansen Cointegration rank test also showed the existence of cointegration equations, and a long-term relationship between the variables. Eventually, the residual diagnosis, significant error term, and the performance of the model evaluation were found as satisfactory and valid. In short, this research paves the way for policymakers to construct a better policy for the future of women’s employment sustainability

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at +276 G>T of the Adiponectin Gene and Plasma Adiponectin Level in Myanmar Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at rs 1501299 (SNP+276 G&gt;T) of the adiponectin gene and plasma adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Myanmar. Methodology. One hundred T2DM patients and 104 non-diabetic subjects were included in this cross-sectional analytical study. Genotype frequencies were determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Plasma adiponectin level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result. Genotype frequencies (GG, GT, TT) of SNP+276 in diabetic patients were 39%, 48% and 13%, respectively. The GT and TT genotypes were more frequent in T2DM patients (OR 1.98, 95% CI, 1.10-3.55; p=0.02 and OR 4.07, 95% CI, 1.34-12.3; p=0.01), respectively. The T allele of SNP+276 was significantly associated with T2DM (OR 1.96, 95% CI, 1.27-3.01; p=0.002). Mean plasma adiponectin level was significantly lower than in T2DM patients (27.41&plusmn;16.7 &mu;g/mL) compared to non-diabetic subjects (37.19&plusmn;26.77 &mu;g/mL) (p=0.002). Conclusion. SNP+276 at rs 1501299 of the adiponectin gene was associated with type 2 diabetes and low plasma adiponectin levels in this Myanmar population.</p

Spatial Variation of Socio-economic Activities and Settlement Relocation in Pandaw Model Village, Kyauktan Township

Socio-economic study is not a new topic in the discipline of social sciences including geography. However, most studies focus on the variation of socio-economic conditions at regional and district levels. This is because census data are readily available at this level. In this paper, intra-village level variation of social economic conditions is analysed with the aim to assess the benefit and cost of settlement relocation with reference to Pandaw Model Village. Pandaw Model Village includes two settlement areas: clustered and dispersed. Socio-economic data of the study area were derived from official statistics and two intensive field surveys and structured interviews. The results found that there show great socio-economic variations between two settlement areas. From the point of socioeconomic variation and physical environment, if dispersed settlements are relocated in clustered areas, the village will benefit from the scale of economic and social welfare. On the other hand, fuel and water supply problems will be encountered

New Record on the Occurrence of Cyst Nematode, Heterodera cajani Koshy, 1967 on Sesame, Sesamum indicum in Myanmar

Sesame, Sesamum indicum L. occupies for nearly half of the area sown to oilseed crops in Myanmar. It is cultivated for domestic consumption and export. During 2003, sesame cultivars, Sinyadnar3, Sinyadanar5, Magway7/9 and Khwaylayni grown in Oilseed Crop Research Farm, Department of Agricultural .Research, Magway were found to be heavily infected with Heterodera cyst nematodes. In 2004, cysts were also found from the soil samples collected from the previously infested plots. Infested field showed patches in which the plants were stunted, chlorotic, and caused wilting. When the infected plants were uprooted, curving of tap root, and red-girdling and dark browning of lateral and tap roots were observed. Lemon-shaped cysts were found attaching to the root surface. Young females were white or creamy colour whereas old cysts with eggs were tan colour. A few bullae were found on the posterior portion of the female. Larvae were vermiform with elongate conoid tail. Males were cylindrical or elongated with short tail without bursa. According to the morphological characters of the nematode and disease symptoms of sesame, the nematode was supposed to be identified as Heterodera cajani. There was no report o cyst nematode, Heterodera spp. in Myanmar. The present finding, the occurrence of Heterodera cajani on sesamum, is the first record of Heterodera spp. in Myanmar