Patterns and Strategies of Islamic Innate-Jurisprudential Education Confronting the Challenge of Ethics Relativism

Based on Islamic nature, education is the Quranic righteous path that inspires the way of good and evil in human. And in fact, this type of education crystallizes a more sustained and effective path of guidance, growth and perfection. The divine nature, which is the wise tendency of individuals, for the moderate orientation of the way of life in interaction with the inside and outside of oneself, has been given by God in a uniform way for all human beings. Modern schools and ideologies, which have been emerged through socio-political needs and responses, causing a conflict with this divine principle. Ethical pluralism as well as ethical relativism are one of these challenging issues. In this article, before going into considering the mentioned challenge, first, examples and instances of nature-based education are presented to provide a picture of its practical form. Then we present this challenge (moral plurality and moral relativity), which is actually a product of instinctism in the field of the materialist schools of liberalism, and we use Shahid Motahhari’s opinions and also the universal statement on ethics. And then continue with the negation, criticism and rejection of this challenge, and it becomes clear that the education inspired by innate nature can unite the practice of universal ethics and, in fact, it becomes a strategic version for true explanation and common perception of education in international scientific and ethical assemblies

Nanoparticle polydispersity can strongly affect in vitro dose

When nanomaterials meet the biological world, the cellular interaction of nanoparticles is routinely assessed in in vitro systems. Establishing dose–response relationships requires that the dose of nanoparticles delivered to the cell is accurate and precise. Nanoparticles as such or coated with high molecular-weight compounds are rarely uniform and the influence of heterogeneity, including polydispersity both in size and mass density, on the delivered dose is never studied before. Furthermore, a probabilistic term describing particle adherence to cells is introduced and the importance is discussed. By tracing the movement of discrete particles via modeling, it is found that the influence of heterogeneity cannot be neglected when the average particle size promotes settling over diffusion. However, the influence of polydispersity on the delivered cellular dose is less critical for particulate systems whose mean size promotes diffusion. The influence of a non-instantaneous particle association to the cell is negligible for particles whose motion is dominated by settling, but it is relevant for small particles whose motion is governed by diffusion

Persistence and Valuation of Non-Operating Items

Abstract   This study addresses persistence of non-operating items and market reaction to them. The increasing of concurring of items that presumed non-concurrent, may imply to management view to change or move concurrent expenses in temporary items; or indicate an environmental factor where naturally these items are occurring frequently. However each scenario indicates that concurring of items have valuation implications for investors. The results of this study indicate that in sample companies, non-operating items are persistent, but the market doesn't reaction to it

Effect of Storage in the Fortified Probiotic Corn Flakes Prepared by L. plantarum and L. reuteri

Background and Objectives: Nowadays corn flakes are the most common form of breakfast cereals; however, their vitamins are declined during the baking process. In this research, production of fortified corn flakes by Lactobacillus plantarum and L. reuteri, as well as incorporation of oat and malt fiber as prebiotics have been studied. Materials and Methods: Plackett-Burman statistical design was used to evaluate the impact of eleven-process variables on the viability of both probiotics. Results: The highest survival rate of L. plantarum (340 ×106 CFU.g-1) was obtained by 2.5% w/w inoculation of a 24 h inoculum in a medium containing 10% w/v oat extract to enrich corn flakes (10% w/w malt fiber), packed in aluminum foil and kept at 20 °C in anaerobic conditions for 2 weeks. Also the highest survival rate of L. reuteri (123 ×106 CFU.g-1) was achieved when the 48 h cultured bacteria grown in a medium containing 5% w/v malt extract and MRS broth was inoculated (2.5% w/w) to the flakes enriched by 20% w/w malt fiber, and kept in anaerobic conditions inside the polypropylene cover packaging at 20 °C for 2 weeks. Conclusions: Sensory evaluation showed no significant difference between the treatments in terms of taste, odor and overall acceptability as compared to the control. Keywords: Corn flakes, Probiotic, Prebiotic, Plackett-Burman desig

Relationship between some indices of cardiovascular functions and pulse pressure as a predictor index for heart diseases: A case-control study

Background: Pulse pressure has recently been considered as a predictor of coronary heart disease. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called pulse pressure. Various factors including increased age, vascular stiffness, stenosis, and hypertension are associated with pulse pressure. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the relationship between some cardiovascular function indicators such as vascular stenosis, blood pressure and cardiac output with pulse pressure as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 544 patients who were referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran, from March 2015 to February 2016. In this study, according to the angiographic findings, individuals with artery stenosis were considered as the case group (n=272) and those without artery stenosis were considered as the control group (n=272). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and odds ratio estimation by SPSS22 software. Results: According to the findings of this study, ages over 50 (OR: 3.3, 95 CI: 2.1-5.2), high systolic blood pressure (OR: 8, 95 CI: 4.3-15.2), high diastolic blood pressure (OR: 4.9, 95 CI: 2.0-11.7), cardiac output less than 50 (OR: 1.8, 95 CI: 1.3-2.7) and vascular stenosis (OR: 3.5, 95 CI: 2.4-5.1) were associated with high pulse pressure. The male gender had a preventive role in increasing of pulse pressure (OR: 0.7, 95 CI: 0.5-0.9). A significant relationship was demonstrated between systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the chances of having high pulse pressure are high among individuals over 50 years of age, female gender, those with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and individuals with high coronary artery stenosis. This chance is associated with decreased cardiac output and coronary stenosis. Increased pulse pressure is a predictive indicator of cardiovascular disease and it is recommended that pulse pressure measurements of all referrals, especially those who are being referred to cardiology clinics, are taken into account by medical professionals to prevent adverse clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Interactions of stealth conjugated polymer nanoparticles with human whole blood

Photoluminescent conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (CPNs) exhibit favourable properties as fluorescent probes due to their brightness, high photostability, tunable emission spectra and ease of surface modification.</p

Formulation Strategies for Antitubercular Drugs by Inhalation

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most commonly affecting the lungs. Tuberculosis is treated with antibacterial drugs following a therapy schedule lasting six months. Drugs are mainly given by the oral route. Thus, TB is treated by a combination of several drugs. In the EU there is a request for optimizing the therapeutic management of TB disease, particularly in children, focusing on the appropriate dosing.Since the lung is the primary entrance for the mycobacterium, the interest in the management of TB by delivering drugs through the same gateway is well justified. The chapter turns its attention to the formulation of inhalation products that could be employed in several critical therapeutic and socio‐economical situations with expected greater efficacy in terms of the amount of drug deposited and local drug availability