PENERAPAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MERENCANAKAN DAN MELAKSANAKAN PEMBELAJARAN

This aims study is to describe the implementations of both academic supervision and class observation techniques to enhance of planning and performing learning skill of SD Negeri1 Arga Makmur teachers in academic year 2013/2014. This is an action research scool (PTS) study conducted by two cycles in with five pers on acted as the subject having been determinated based on the result of pracycles observation, observation techniques were conducted to collect the data and quantitative descriptive analysis were used as data analysis.The study resulted that the implementation of both academic supervision and class observation techniques enhanced the planning and performing learning skill of SD Negeri 1 Arga Makmur teaches on odd semester in academic year 2013/2014.Keywords: academic supervision, planning, implementation, learnin

Improving the quality of tissue-cultured plants by fixing the problems related to an inadequate water balance, hyperhydricity

In vitro tissue culture is a technique for accelerating plant propagation and supplying high- quality starting material which has a positive impact on product commercialization. Several obstacles may occur during the culture process, one of which is hyperhydricity. Hyperhydric shoots are characterized by extensive accumulation of water in the apoplast, the continuum of cell walls and intercellular air spaces which is almost completely flooded. The occurrence of hyperhydricity is a major problem in the micropropagation industry, since it reduces the quality and multiplication rate of microplants. Although numerous studies have been put forward to explain hyperhydricity, the underlying mechanism and causative factors of hyperhydricity are still debated. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and factors involved in the control of plant growth in vitro can greatly improve the quality of micropropagated plants. The research presented in this thesis succeeded in elucidating aspects of the mechanism, causality factors and methods to prevent hyperhydricity in in vitro grown Arabidopsis thaliana and Limonium sinuatum. Our study found that hypolignification of cell walls was an important causative factor in the development of hyperhydricity. The specific interaction of the plantlets, medium components and microenvironments were found to affect lignin biosynthesis, to lead to irregular stomatal features, abnormal anatomy of mesophyll cells and large intercellular spaces, to affect the water retention capacity and the transpiration rate. Exogenously applied calcium in combination with a specific lignin biosynthesis precursor, p-coumaric acid, and a stomatal opener (ALA) as supplements to the medium proved capable of reducing the occurrence or delaying the onset of hyperhydricity by stimulating cell wall lignin biosynthesis and modifying the pectin content of the leaves

Orientasi Sikap Keusahawanan di Kalangan Pelajar Politeknik di Malaysia

Objektif kajian ialah untuk mengetahui orientasi sikap keusahawanan di kalangan pelajar politeknik di Malaysia serta mengenal pasti hubungan faktor demografi, latar belakang pendidikan, pengalaman responden, pendidikan ibubapa dan pekerjaan dengan orientasi sikap keusahawanan. Dalam konteks ini, masyarakat telah memberikan harapan yang tinggi kepada politeknik sebagai satu dari institusi pengajian yang utama untuk mengembangkan keusahawanan di kalangan pelajar. Isu mengenai sikap pelajar politeknik terhadap bidang keusahawanan telah mendapat perhatian di kalangan pendidik dan kerajaan. Untuk memahami dengan lebih jelas mengenai faktor-faktor yang boleh mempengaruhi orientasi sikap keusahawanan maka satu model pembentukan orientasi sikap keusahawanan telah dicadangkan. Dalam kajian ini instrumen ujian orientasi sikap keusahawanan dan soalselidik mengenai demografi responden telah digunakan. Kajian ini dibuat ke atas pelajar tahun akhir di enam buah politeknik di Malaysia. Walaupun pelajar dari keturunan Cina telah dikatakan mempunyai sikap keusahawanan yang tinggi kerana latar belakang keluarga, kajian ini tidak mendapati bahawa pelajar-pelajar dari keturunan Cina mempunyai orientasi sikap keusahawanan yang tinggi. Penemuan kajian ini telah memperlihatkan bahawa pelajar wanita, pelajar berasal dari kampung, anak petani dan pengalaman mengendalikan akaun adalah kumpulan pelajar yang mempunyai sikap keusahawanan yang tinggi. Mengenai hubungan di antara gred mata pelajaran di peringkat Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia dengan orientasi sikap keusahawanan pelajar, kajian ini mendapati bahawa gred mata pelajaran Bahasa Malaysia dan Matematik Tambahan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan sikap keusahawanan yang tinggi

The Temperature Effects of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) for Perovskite Solar Cell Application

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are evolving in spectacular pace and emerging as the most promising future generation of photovoltaic devices. In the present study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is introduced to titanium dioxide (TiO2) as electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cell (PSC). TiO2 doped rGO (TiO2/rGO) was prepared by combining titanium (IV) oxide nanopowder as precursor for TiO2 and chemically reduced graphene oxide for rGO. The TiO2/rGO is varied with different annealing temperature and its effect on TiO2/rGO properties and on electrical performance of PSC is studied. The surface morphologies of TiO2/rGO thin films is characterized via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) are used to characterize the optical properties and chemical bonding respectively. Lastly, (I-V) analysis for electrical properties is performed. Structural and morphological evidences from SEM, AFM and XRD results confirmed that the TiO2/rGO samples existed in anatase phase, rutile phase and the porosity as well as the surface roughness of TiO2/rGO thin films increased as the annealing temperature increased. The absorption spectra and the band gap obtained at 326 nm and 2.48 eV respectively for TiO2/rGO that annealed at 550 ᵒC portraits better performances due to increment in grain size in higher annealing temperature. The formations of Ti-O and Ti-O-C bonds are confirmed from XPS analysis that fastening the rate of electron transfer in PSC. The electrical properties of TiO2/rGO confirming that 550 ᵒC TiO2/rGO has better conductivity at 18.83 × 10-3 S/cm in conjunctions with its performance in optical properties

Rapid multiplication of Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) through shoot proliferation

Young shoot buds were used as explants for rapid multiplication of Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum). The explants were cultured onto medium containing basal salts of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and various  concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (KIN) for shoot induction. Treatment containing 3.0 mg/l BAP produced the highest mean number of shoots per explants (18.90) and a mean length of shoots (6.0 cm) after 28 days of culture. Regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 30 g/l sucrose. For ex vitro establishment, well-rooted plantlets were transferred in potting medium containing vermiculite : organic matters (1:1)

The Effects of Annealing Temperature Dependence on the Doping of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) for Perovskite Solar Cell Application

In the present study, reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) was introduced to Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as Electron Transport Layer (ETL) in Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC). TiO2 doped rGO (TiO2/rGO) was prepared by doping Titanium (IV) Oxide nanopowder as a precursor for TiO2 and chemically reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO). The TiO2/rGO was varied with different annealing temperature and the effects of electrical, structural and optical on TiO2/rGO of PSC were studied. The surface morphologies of TiO2/rGO thin films were characterized via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used to characterize the optical properties of TiO2/rGO thin films while current-voltage (I-V) analysis was measured by using Keithley Sourcemeter. Structural and morphological evidence from XRD results confirmed that the TiO2/rGO samples changes from anatase phase to rutile phase as the annealing temperature increased and the average crystalline size of TiO2/rGO thin films change with the TiO2 crystalline phase accordingly. The annealing temperature of 550℃ exhibits the larger grain size that results in better conductivity, higher light absorption and lower bandgap energy

Hypolignification: a decisive factor in the development of hyperhydricity

One of the characteristics of hyperhydric plants is the reduction of cell wall lignification (hypolignification), but how this is related to the observed abnormalities of hyperhydricity (HH), is still unclear. Lignin is hydrophobic, and we speculate that a reduction in lignin levels leads to more capillary action of the cell wall and consequently to more water in the apoplast. p-coumaric acid is the hydroxyl derivative of cinnamic acid and a precursor for lignin and flavonoids in higher plant. In the present study, we examined the role of lignin in the development of HH in Arabidopsis thaliana by checking the wild-types (Ler and Col-0) and mutants affected in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, in the gene coding for cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H (ref3-1 and ref3-3). Exogenously applied p-coumaric acid decreased the symptoms of HH in both wild-type and less-lignin mutants. Moreover, the results revealed that exogenously applied p-coumaric acid inhibited root growth and increased the total lignin content in both wild-type and less-lignin mutants. These effects appeared to diminish the symptoms of HH and suggest an important role for lignin in HH

Effect of cytokinin types, concentrations and their interactions on in vitro shoot regeneration of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. & Fernandez

Background: Chlorophytum borivilianum is a rare medicinal plant originally distributed throughout the forest of India. The tubers of C. borivilianum are used as an aphrodisiac and impotence supplement. The propagation of C. borivilianum is possible through seeds and tubers, but conventional methods may take several months. Hence in vitro technique of shoot regeneration could be an efficient alternative means of propagating the species. Latest study reported microtuberization of C. borivilianum but there is no sufficient study on a rapid method for shoot multiplication and elongation. Results: Young shoot buds of C. borivilianum were cultured on MS medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin (Kn), both at 0, 8.88, 17.8 and 26.6 \u3bcM, either individually or in combinations. Proliferated shoots were subcultured on fresh medium of the same constituents on week 3 of culture for further shoot multiplication and elongation. BAP alone (8.88\u201326.6 \u3bcM) was significantly effective on shoot multiplication, while Kn alone (8.88\u201326.6 \u3bcM) was significantly effective on shoot elongation compared to the control containing MS basal medium without any plant growth regulator. However, combination of both cytokinins stimulated an interaction producing higher shoot number and shoot length compared to their individual application. Conclusions: The most suitable combination was 8.88 \u3bcM BAP + 8.88 \u3bcM Kn, reaching a mean shoot number of 10.83 and shoot length of 6.85 cm

Harmful Algal Bloom in Kuantan Port, Pahang Malaysia: the presence of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) species, Pyrodinium Bahamense var Compressum and Alexandrium Tamiyavanichii

Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) is a proliferation of algae which naturally produce biotoxins and may harm the health of human, the environment and the organisms associated with it. The first HAB case has been reported in Kuantan Port on November 2013, and followed by the second episode on August 2014. The toxicity level reported during the second case was as high as 3500 µg STX/100 g. Ten persons were hospitalized, showing the symptoms of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) after consumed the contaminated shellfish. Therefore, this study was conducted at Kuantan Port to identify the causative organisms responsible for these events. Water samples were collected monthly for a period of six months from August 2014. HAB species were identified based on their outer morphology using light and epifluorescence microscopy, and supported by the molecular evidence based on the LSU rDNA and ITS makers. The density of cells were determined using Sedgwick rafter counting chamber under a light microscope at a magnification of 100×. Our results revealed the occurrence of several HAB species including two PST-producing species, viz. Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum and Alexandrium tamiyavanichii. The highest cell density of P. bahamense and A. tamiyavanichii were 6 × 104 cells/L and 1.5 × 105 cells/L, respectively. This study reported, for the first time, the occurrence of P. bahamense and A. tamiyavanichii in Pahang coast, east Peninsular Malaysia, and confirmed that the PSP events in Kuantan Port were attributed to the species. The presence of these species further indicates that several safety measures need to be considered to safeguard public health, particularly in Pahang coastal waters

KAJIAN TERHADAP KETERPENUHAN STANDAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH DASAR (Studi Evaluasi Di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 10 Padang Jaya)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi Standar Nasional Pendidikan Pemenuhan di Padang Jaya Sekolah Dasar Nomor 10 Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif evaluatif. Subjek utama penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa Padang Jaya Sekolah Dasar Nomor 10. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan teknik wawancara, teknik observasi, dan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil umum penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pendidikan yang diselenggarakan di Padang Jaya Sekolah Dasar Nomor 10 tidak dikonfirmasi dengan Standar Nasional Pendidikan. Disarankan bahwa semua elemen seperti orang tua, unsur pendidikan nasional, dan pemerintah daerah bekerja sama dalam rangka untuk memenuhi standar pendidikan nasional delapan