11 research outputs found
Datenschutzprobleme: Normen und Praxis beim internationalen Datenservice
In dem Beitrag wird der internationale Datentransfer problematisiert, indem vor allem auf das Problem unterschiedlicher Datenschutzregelungen eingegangen wird. Es werden die Probleme der praktischen Umsetzung der international verabschiedeten Normen und Verhaltensweisen diskutiert. Dazu werden die Normen des ICPSR (International Consortium for Political Social Research) dokumentiert, interpretiert und die damit zusammenhängenden Probleme aufgezeigt. Entsprechendes wird für ein Papier der IFDO-Konferenz in Köln ("Data Archives for Social Research, Towards Ethical Standards to Ensure Confidentiality Preserving Modes of Access") vorgenommen. (RW
Platelet Counts and Postoperative Stroke After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
BACKGROUND: Declining platelet counts may reveal platelet activation and aggregation in a postoperative prothrombotic state. Therefore, we hypothesized that nadir platelet counts after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery are associated with stroke.
METHODS: We evaluated 6130 adult CABG surgery patients. Postoperative platelet counts were evaluated as continuous and categorical (mild versus moderate to severe) predictors of stroke. Extended Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with a time-varying covariate for daily minimum postoperative platelet count assessed the association of day-to-day variations in postoperative platelet count with time to stroke. Competing risks proportional hazard regression models examined associations between day-to-day variations in postoperative platelet counts with timing of stroke (early: 0-1 days; delayed: ≥2 days).
RESULTS: Median (interquartile range) postoperative nadir platelet counts were 123.0 (98.0-155.0) × 10/L. The incidences of postoperative stroke were 1.09%, 1.50%, and 3.02% for platelet counts >150 × 10/L, 100 to 150 × 10/L, and 150 × 10/L. Importantly, such thrombocytopenia, defined as a time-varying covariate, was significantly associated with delayed (≥2 days after surgery; adjusted HR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.48-5.41; P= .0017) but not early postoperative stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an independent association between moderate to severe postoperative thrombocytopenia and postoperative stroke, and timing of stroke after CABG surgery
Correction: The Stimulatory Adenosine Receptor ADORA2B Regulates Serotonin (5-HT) Synthesis and Release in Oxygen-Depleted EC Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Alpha-1-antitrypsin Therapy Ameliorates Acute Colitis and Chronic Murine Ileitis
Background: Fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) clearance has been a marker of clinical disease severity in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) for many
years. Although AAT deficiency is more often associated with lung and liver pathologies, AAT-deficient patients with concomitant IBD have been
shown to develop more aggressive disease and rapid progression to surgery. Although recent studies have highlighted the pleiotropic anti-inflammatory
functions of AAT, including reducing proinflammatory cytokine production and suppressing immune cell activation, its potential therapeutic role in IBD
has not been described.
Methods: The therapeutic potential of human AAT administration was assessed in murine models of IBD including new-onset and established
chemically induced colitis and spontaneous chronic murine ileitis. Histological assessment of inflammation, cytokine secretion profiling, and flow
cytometric evaluation of inflammatory infiltrate were performed in each model. The effect of AAT on intestinal barrier function was also examined both
in vitro and in vivo.
Results: AAT attenuated inflammation in small and large intestinal IBD models through reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory
cell infiltration, and reduced tissue injury. AAT also increased intestinal restitution after chemically induced colitis. AAT significantly decreased
intestinal permeability in vitro and in vivo as part of a protective mechanism for both acute and chronic models of IBD.
Conclusions: Our findings describe a beneficial role for AAT in IBD models through suppression of cytokine production and enhanced intestinal
barrier function. This raises the possibility that AAT supplementation, which has a long history of proven safety, may have a therapeutic effect in
human IBD