Natriuretic Peptides

Natriuretic peptide includes some neurohormones, such as atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) and dendroapsis natriuretic peptides (DNP). There are released from by heart, brain, endothelium and other organs. The effects of these peptides are widespread, they plays a role regulations of natriuresis, diuresis, blood volume, blood pressure, fat metabolism, long bone growth and inhibition of cell proliferation. These biological actions are regulated through membrane-bound guanylyl cyclased receptors. In this review, the structure, function and physiological effects on various systems of natriuretic peptides are described

Natriuretic Peptides

Natriüretik peptitler; atrial natriüretik peptit (ANP), B-tipi natriüretik peptit (BNP), C-tipi natriüretik peptit (CNP), Dtipi natriüretik peptit (DNP) nörohormonlarından oluşur. Bu hormonlar kalp, beyin, endotel ve diğer organlardan salınmaktadır. Natriüretik peptitler yaygın etki göstermektedirler. Natriürez, diürez, kan hacmi, kan basıncı, yağ metabolizması, kemik büyümesi ve hücre çoğalmasının engellenmesinin düzenlenmesinde rol oynarlar. Bu biyolojik aksiyonlarını membran guanil siklaz reseptörleri yoluyla düzenlemektedirler. Bu derlemede, natriüretik peptitlerin yapısı, fonksiyonları ve çeşitli sistemler üzerindeki etkileri anlatılmıştır.Natriuretic peptide includes some neurohormones, such as atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) and dendroapsis natriuretic peptides (DNP). There are released from by heart, brain, endothelium and other organs. The effects of these peptides are widespread, they plays a role regulations of natriuresis, diuresis, blood volume, blood pressure, fat metabolism, long bone growth and inhibition of cell proliferation. These biological actions are regulated through membrane-bound guanylyl cyclased receptors. In this review, the structure, function and physiological effects on various systems of natriuretic peptides are described

Quercetin protects the retina by reducing apoptosis due to ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin on apoptotic cell death induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups: control, ischemic, solvent, and quercetin. I/R injury was achieved by elevating the intraocular pressure above the perfusion pressure. Intraperitoneal injections of 20 mg/kg of quercetin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were performed in the quercetin and solvent groups, respectively, immediately prior to I/R injury, and the researchers allowed for the retinas to be reperfused. Forty-eight hours after injury, the thicknesses of the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were measured in all groups. Moreover, the numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end-labeled [TUNEL (+)] cells and caspase-3 (+) cells in both INL and ONL were evaluated in all groups. Results: The administration of quercetin was found to reduce the thinning of all retinal layers. The mean thickness of INL in the quercetin and ischemic groups was 21 ± 5.6 µm and 16 ± 6.4 µm, respectively (P<0.05). Similarly, the mean thickness of ONL in the quercetin and ischemic groups was 50 ± 12.8 µm and 40 ± 8.7 µm, respectively (P<0.05). The antiapoptotic effect of quercetin in terms of reducing the numbers of both TUNEL (+) cells and caspase-3 (+) cells was significant in INL. The mean number of TUNEL (+) cells in INL in the ischemic and quercetin groups was 476.8 ± 45.6/mm2 and 238.72 ± 251/mm2, respectively (P<0.005). The mean number of caspase-3 (+) cells in INL of ischemic and quercetin groups was 633.6 ± 38.7/mm2 and 342.4 ± 36.1/mm2, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: The use of quercetin may be beneficial in the treatment of retinal I/R injury because of its antiapoptotic effect on the retinal layers, particularly in INL

Dimmable street lighting application using a microcontroller

U radu se opisuje sustav uštede enrgije kod ulične rasvjete za različite vrste rasvjete. Taj se sustav primijenjivao u sveučilišnom kampusu u trajanju od 12 mjeseci uz uštedu električne energije od 24,1 %. U tom su sustavu u periodu od 12 mjeseci svjetiljke s natrijem pod visokim pritiskom prigušene pomoću kartica programiranog mikroregulatora u odgovarajućim rasponima u skladu s kalendarskim i vremenskim podacima primjenom dizajniranog sučelja. Uz uštedu energije, taj sustav omogućuje primjenu daljinskog analizatora energije u praćenju podataka o potrošenoj energiji u osvijetljenom području.This article describes an energy saving system of road lighting suited for different lighting scenarios. The designed system is applied in a university campus for a 12-month period with a resulting 24,1 % electric energy saving. Within the system high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are dimmed by programmed microcontroller cards at desired rates according to calendar and clock data in a 12-month period using a designed interface. In addition to energy saving, the designed system allows a remote accessed power analyzer to be used to follow up consumed energy data for the lighted area

Protective Effect of Hesperetin and Naringenin against Apoptosis in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Injury in Rats

Purpose. Hesperetin and naringenin are naturally common flavonoids reported to have antioxidative effects. This study was performed to investigate whether either hesperetin or naringenin has a protective effect against apoptosis on retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods. Retinal I/R was induced by increasing the intraocular pressure to 150 mmHg for 60 minutes. Thirty-three male Wistar albino rats were randomised into 5 groups named control, I/R + sham, I/R + solvent (DMSO), I/R + hesperetin, and I/R + naringenin. Animals were given either hesperetin, naringenin, or the solvent intraperitoneally immediately following reperfusion. Thickness of retinal layers and retinal cell apoptosis were detected by histological analysis, tunel assay, and immunohistochemistry assay. Results. Hesperetin and naringenin attenuated the I/R-induced apoptosis of retinal cells in the inner and outer nuclear cells of the rat retina. Retinal layer thickness of the naringenin treatment group was significantly thicker than that of the hesperetin, sham, and solvent groups (P<0.05). Conclusions. Hesperetin and naringenin can prevent harmful effects induced by I/R injury in the rat retina by inhibiting apoptosis of retinal cells, which suggests that those flavanones have a therapeutic potential for the protection of ocular ischemic diseases

The long outcome in patients with carotico-subclavian bypass surgery for subclavian steal syndrome

OBJECTIVE: In our study we aimed to evaluate long term outcome of carotico-subclavian bypass surgery in patients with subclavian steal syndrome. MATERIALS and METHODS: We evaluated the patients who underwent caroticosubclavian bypass surgery between the years 1999 and 2011 in our clinic. Total number of patients was 6 (5 female and 1 male). The mean age of the patients was 60.8±2.1 (48- 78). The patients presented with claducatio of upper extremities, headache, dizziness, and differences in arterial pressure between two arms. RESULTS: There were no complications after the carotico-subclavian bypass surgery. The differences in arterial pressure between the two arms disappeared together with the symptoms after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Carotico-subclavian bypass surgery is a procedure with low mortality and morbidity rates and good long term outcomes in patients with subclavian steal syndrome

Desferrioxamine Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Lung Contusion

Our hypothesis in this study is that desferrioxamine (DFX) has therapeutic effects on experimental lung contusions in rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control, control+DFX, contusion, and contusion+DFX. In the control+DFX and contusion+DFX groups, 100 mg/kg DFX was given intraperitoneally once a day just after the contusion and the day after the contusion. Contusions led to a meaningful rise in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in lung tissue. MDA levels in the contusion+DFX group experienced a significant decline. Glutathione levels were significantly lower in the contusion group than in the control group and significantly higher in the contusion+DFX group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the contusion group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the contusion+DFX group, SOD and GPx levels were significantly higher than those in the contusion group. In light microscopic evaluation, the contusion and contusion+DFX groups showed edema, hemorrhage, alveolar destruction, and leukocyte infiltration. However, histological scoring of the contusion+DFX group was significantly more positive than that of the contusion group. The iNOS staining in the contusion group was significantly more intensive than that in all other groups. DFX reduced iNOS staining significantly in comparison to the contusion group. This study showed that DFX reduced oxidative stress in lung contusions in rats and histopathologically ensured the recovery of the lung tissue

Structural snapshots of Xer recombination reveal activation by synaptic complex remodeling and DNA bending

Bacterial Xer site-specific recombinases play an essential genome maintenance role by unlinking chromosome multimers, but their mechanism of action has remained structurally uncharacterized. Here, we present two high-resolution structures of Helicobacter pylori XerH with its recombination site DNA difH, representing pre-cleavage and post-cleavage synaptic intermediates in the recombination pathway. The structures reveal that activation of DNA strand cleavage and rejoining involves large conformational changes and DNA bending, suggesting how interaction with the cell division protein FtsK may license recombination at the septum. Together with biochemical and in vivo analysis, our structures also reveal how a small sequence asymmetry in difH defines protein conformation in the synaptic complex and orchestrates the order of DNA strand exchanges. Our results provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of Xer recombination and a model for regulation of recombination activity during cell division