The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

This study aims to determine the relationship of emotional intelligence with organizational citizenship behavior. Descriptive and analytical design was adopted and 344 employees from manufacturing firms formed as the sample for the study. The results indicate the attributes of emotional intelligence i.e self-awareness, understanding emotion, ability to sense emotion and acknowledge emotion, goal setting and its achievement, believing to be a competent person , self-motivation, self-encouragement to try best significantly differ with the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior and self-control , sensitive to feeling and emotion attribute does not significantly differ with the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior

Workplace destructive and constructive deviance behaviour in India and the USA: scale development, validation, theoretical model development and testing

Workplace deviance behaviour has resulted in 20% of business failure and annual loss of $6-$200 billion in US organizations and it was found that 33% to 75% of employees engage in deviant activities like withdrawal, theft, production deviance, abuse of co-workers etc., (Coffin, 2003; Diefendorff & Mehta, 2007). In addition, several researchers have concentrated on constructive deviance that would benefit the organizations. Thus, deviance has been a topic of interest for many researchers. However, previous research on deviance behaviour has concentrated predominantly in the USA despite proof that Indian organizations are indeed affected by workplace deviance (Pradhan & Pradhan, 2014) and on destructive or constructive deviance. In addition, from the deviance perspective, surprisingly no study so far has examined the presence and effects of individualism and collectivism within the same culture at the individual level. To contribute towards the extant deviance literature and to fill in the aforementioned gaps, this PhD thesis develops and tests a model using social cognitive theory as a lens to determine the relationship between environment, personality and behavioural outcomes of an individual. It incorporates workplace destructive and constructive deviance in the same study with individualistic and collectivistic orientation of individuals as moderators in India and the USA. What is the relationship of organizational and individual determinants with workplace destructive and constructive deviance when individual cultural orientation acts as a moderator? For this purpose, this research first determines the various factors that will be considered in the model by reviewing previous research done on workplace deviance. It was found that organizational climate, though it contributes to deviance behaviour in the workplace, has not yet been extensively researched so, climate was one of the factors examined in the research. In addition and despite its importance, an individual witness perspective towards deviance is still in its infancy. What are the behavioural responses of an individual while being a witness to supervisor, organizational, co-worker involvement in workplace destructive deviance? Therefore, the present study extended, developed and validated a construct to define and measure the witness behaviour towards workplace deviance behaviour using the theory of planned behaviour as its theoretical lens. This construct formed the second factor to be included in the model. This research makes use of the multi-strategy research paradigm that consists of two main studies: Study 2, 3 and 4 involves the development and validation of the witness behaviour towards workplace deviance scale; Study 5 involves the development and testing of a theoretical framework. Study 2 to 4 made use of a mixed methods strategy and inductive approach where the results from analysing the qualitative one-to-one interviews conducted in India and the USA formed the basis of scale construction. The scale, after undergoing rigorous analysis by using the quantitative data collected from India and the USA, resulted in a two-dimensional self-serving and intervening behaviour 9-item measure that proved to be a universal construct. It was then validated for construct, discriminant and predictive validity to classify it within the nomological network. It was found to sit closer to the phenomenon of voluntary behaviours, thus contributing to deviance and scale development literature. Study 5 involved the development of a conceptual framework that was tested with the quantitative data collected from India and the USA. The results provided support that when an individual has high organizational climate experience as well as more self-serving and less intervening behaviour, he/she would be involved in more constructive and destructive deviance behaviour providing support that organizations should focus on these factors and a clear distinction should be made between negative and positive deviance accepted within the organization. The results also provided support that individualistic and collectivistic orientation of an individual did moderate the effect of organizational climate, self-serving and intervening behaviour with destructive and constructive deviance. Therefore, an individual’s orientation to individualism and collectivism would influence the relationship of organizational climate and witness behaviour towards workplace deviance so that organizations may benefit from implementing the study findings and suggestions. This would then prevent individuals from becoming involved in destructive deviance and enhance their involvement in constructive deviance

A multigroup SEM analysis of the antecedents and moderating influence of culture on workplace deviance behavior

Purpose: Antecedents and outcomes of workplace deviance have been studied over the past few decades but there is still a lack of research from an organizational climate, witness and cultural point of view. Theoretical considerations for the present research are based on the social cognitive theory perspective where the authors expect employees's involvement in workplace destructive deviance would depend on their organizational climate perception, witness behavior and cultural orientation. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 987 participants from India (N = 404) and USA (N = 583) completed an online questionnaire, and multi-group structural equation modeling analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized model. Findings: Across cultural groups, higher collectivism is associated with lower engagement in workplace deviance. Furthermore, employees' higher intervening witness behavior is associated with lower destructive deviant behaviors when employees showed higher endorsement of collectivism in India (not USA). However, employees' higher self-serving witness behavior is associated with higher destructive deviant behaviors. Interestingly, employees with higher endorsement of individualism associated with organizational climate are more likely to engage in destructive deviance. Originality/value: The main originality of this study is to further increase the understanding of the relationship between organizational climate, witness behavior (self-serving and intervening behavior) and workplace deviance (organizational and interpersonal destructive deviance) considering the role of employees' cultural orientation (individualism vs collectivism)

Bricolage and Employee Deviant Behaviour: Overcoming Discontinuous Disruptions to Maintain Organisational Performance

This paper aims to introduce bricolage as a form of positive deviant behaviour undertaken by employees operating outside of organisational norms in order to overcome unexpected problems where a sense of urgency and/or resource constraints are primary factors. In overcoming unanticipated problems to maintain output and normal functioning, engaging in bricolage is demonstrative of a capacity for resilience (Weick, 1993; Coutu, 2002; Lengnick, Hall and Beck, 2009; Denhardt and Denhardt, 2010) where entities prevail following a negative situation or absorb an adverse condition without experiencing a discontinuous disruption. As such, individuals engaging in bricolage prevent minor issues escalating into more serious problems for the entire organisation such that performance is maintained and unplanned challenges can be managed quickly and effectively with a degree of flexible adaptation. This article firstly distinguishes between planners (i.e. ‘ingenuer’), bricoleurs and improvisers and secondly, briefly articulates research regarding positive deviance behaviour. This paper considers the link between these behaviours and proposes the existence of these activities at the individual, employee level within the organisation as a potential source of resilience. As a developmental paper, this submission serves as a foundation to generate debate and to engage in further research. It is proposed that the following question will be addressed: How does Bricolage occur as positive deviance at the grass-roots level in organisations

Conceptual Framework on Workplace Deviance Behavior: A Review

This article aims to highlight the importance of organizational climate with both destructive and constructive deviance behaviour in different cultural setting with workplace as a common ground. First, we discuss the need for research in workplace deviance especially destructive and constructive deviance behaviour with the review of previous studies from deviance literature. Next, we present the importance of climate and culture with both destructive and constructive deviance by proposing relationship among them with the help of a framework. The presented theoretical framework can be useful for conducting future empirical research. Finally, we present the conclusion and future research in conducting cross-national research with respect to deviance