Obstetrical outcome in women with congenital uterine anomalies

Background: Congenital uterine anomalies are associated with higher incidence of reproductive failure and adverse obstetrical outcomes. The association of congenital anomalies and early pregnancy loss has been well established but its adverse effect on late pregnancy in from of malpresentation, preterm deliveries has not yet been elaborated. Thus, this study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancy in women with congenital uterine anomalies.Methods: This is a retrospective study evaluating the obstetric outcomes of 32 patients with congenital abnormalities.Results: Among 32 women with uterine anomalies 6 delivered preterm, 16 malpresentations were seen (50%).Infants born to mothers having congenital uterine anomalies were of lower birth weight. Therefore, it can be concluded the women with congenital uterine anomalies had a higher risk of malpresentation and preterm deliveries. They also had a higher incidence of small for gestational age neonates.Conclusions: Presence of congenital uterine anomalies has adverse effect on obstetrical outcome. This knowledge warrants the need for a larger case control study to extrapolate these findings to the general population and also to recommend the need for universal Prenatal Screening for uterine anomalies so as to improve the obstetrical outcome in patients with uterine anomalies

A Review: Person Identification using Retinal Fundus Images

In this paper a review on biometric person identification has been discussed using features from retinal fundus image. Retina recognition is claimed to be the best person identification method among the biometric recognition systems as the retina is practically impossible to forge. It is found to be most stable, reliable and most secure among all other biometric systems. Retina inherits the property of uniqueness and stability. The features used in the recognition process are either blood vessel features or non-blood vessel features. But the vascular pattern is the most prominent feature utilized by most of the researchers for retina based person identification. Processes involved in this authentication system include pre-processing, feature extraction and feature matching. Bifurcation and crossover points are widely used features among the blood vessel features. Non-blood vessel features include luminance, contrast, and corner points etc. This paper summarizes and compares the different retina based authentication system. Researchers have used publicly available databases such as DRIVE, STARE, VARIA, RIDB, ARIA, AFIO, DRIDB, and SiMES for testing their methods. Various quantitative measures such as accuracy, recognition rate, false rejection rate, false acceptance rate, and equal error rate are used to evaluate the performance of different algorithms. DRIVE database provides 100\% recognition for most of the methods. Rest of the database the accuracy of recognition is more than 90\%

Tragic Flows in Arthur Miller's All My Son's

In his Play formulates his theory on the nature and function of tragedy. The novelists said thatmiserable feeling is invoked in us when we are in the presence of a character that is ready to end his life to secure personal quality.It employs a pattern that is fundamental to most tragedies.In a tragedy we always come across an individual who tries to gain rightful place for him in the society. Man's failure to achieve his personal status is the fault of the society. Miller asserts that the personal factor is not entirely passive. While examining a tragedy we should not exclude the individual's flow; though the most dominating factor is the society

Spontaneous closure of the hymen during term pregnancy

The hymen is a thin fold of mucous membrane; partially closing the external vaginal opening.1It is composed mainly of elastic, collagenous connective tissue and covered on its both surfaces by stratified squamous epithelium. At pregnancy, the epithelium of hymen becomes very thick and rich in glycogen, which may lead to spontaneous closure. We aim to report a rare case of spontaneous closure of hymen in a 23-year old primigravida in labour with no prior history of menstrual problems or problems during intercourse. Two conditions can cause the secondary closure of the hymen: following previous scarring and in pregnancy. In pregnancy, it could be spontaneous closure due to increase glycogen content of the hymen or due to extensive scarring as seen in previous hymenal surgeries. Spontaneous closure of hymen during pregnancy though very rare can occur. Along with extensive scarring, prolonged abstinence and oestrogenic effect on hymen, gonococcal infection can also cause sponatenous closure of hymen during pregnancy.

To study the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on health related quality of life among COPD patients in a tertiary care centre

BACKGROUND: COPD is a systemic disease. Skeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the main systemic effects. Muscle strength and endurance are decreased, muscle fatigability is increased leading to reduced exercise capacity& poor quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary program of which exercise training is the core component resulting in an improvement in dyspnea, fatigue and quality of life. Despite its proven effectiveness and strong scientific recommendations it is generally underutilized & strategies for increasing access to rehabilitation services are needed. AIM OF THE STUDY: Impact of Pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD patients (in terms of quality of life, exercise capacity, exacerbations) and outcomes of hospital based outpatient & home based program for 12 weeks will be analyzed. METHODS: 72 Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomized into three distinct groups: an outpatient group who performed all activities at the clinic, a home-based group who performed the activities at home and a Non rehabilitation group. Rehabilitation program consisted of a combination of aerobic exercises, strength & endurance of upper and lower limbs 3 times a week for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Post pulmonary rehabilitation there is a significant improvement in SGRQ scores, 6MWD and BODE Index & reduction in exacerbations with a P value of < 0.0001 in Outpatient and Home based rehabilitation group, the outcomes are similar. Non rehabilitation group does not show any significant improvement. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary rehabilitation significantly improves the quality of life and exercise capacity of a COPD patient. A home-based self-monitored program is as effective as outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation and is a valid alternative for the management of patients with COPD

Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Dilemma of Untimely Recognition, Intervention and Diagnostic Scales Obtainable at Indian Sub-continent

The increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder makes it as considerable issue worldwide. Recent studies addresses the hot topic of Mirror Neuronal System (MNS) confers behind the ASD. However, the cause is uncertain, Indian population prone to varied prenatal and postnatal factors of the condition. Indian parents and professional still be at the initial awareness phase of the spectrum. Years of delay in identification and intervention while comparing with world standards due to various Indian socio-economic and socio-cultural factors. Less availability of screening and diagnostic tools headed to relay on culturally irrelevant and expensive international tools. Government funded research initiatives developed ISAA, INDT-ASD, CASI and AIIMS Modified INDT-ASD as culturally relevant indigenous tools and available on practice. So far, the tools have their own advantages and limitations, requires further research and progression. Owing to scarcity of trained professionals for a wide population range, home based parent-mediated therapies be the most preferred mode of therapy. However, the therapeutic options vary with people. The study aimed to ascertain the present Indian scenario, look upon the awareness about the condition, availability of screening and diagnostic facilities, the early identification and timely intervention program. In addition, the study briefly confers the biological and clinical background of ASD.

Comparative study on Efficacy of Transdermal Nitroglycerine Patch and Oral Nifedipine as Tocolytic in Preterm Labour

INTRODUCTION: Currently, there is no clear first-line tocolytic agent although a meta-analysis proposed that Nifedipine seems to meet numerous characteristics of a perfect tocolytic agent. Both nitro-glycerine and Nifedipine have been shown to be effective in the management of preterm labour. This study is intended to compare the effectiveness of nitro-glycerine with Nifedipine as tocolytic for preterm labour in south Indian population. OBJECTIVES: To Study the efficacy and usefulness of transdermal Nitro-glycerine patch and oral Nifedipine as a tocolytic in preterm labour. METHODOLOGY: This is a Prospective Comparative Study / Randomised Controlled Study done among 200 Preterm mothers in Tocolysis admitted in Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai. Patients were randomly assigned 100 each into group A (NITROGLYCERINE) and group B (NIFEDIPINE). Treatment is considered successful if uterine contraction subsided and Tocolysis achieved for > 48 hours. The Tocolysis, maternal and foetal outcomes were noted. RESULTS: Tocolysis was achieved in 177 (88.5%) followed by 17 (8.5%). Out of the 97 Nitro-glycerine groups 87 achieved Tocolysis and in Oral Nifedipine group out of 97, 90 achieved Tocolysis. In Nitro-glycerine group, the common side effects were Headache (22%) followed by Itching (12%). In Oral Nifedipine group, the common side effects were Tachycardia (10%) followed by Hypotension (5%). The common complication in Nitro-glycerine group is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (7%), followed by Sepsis (6%) and Aspyxia (5%). In Oral Nifedipine group, the common complication is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (5%) and Sepsis (4%). CONCLUSION: Both nitro-glycerine and Nifedipine can delay the preterm laboreffectively beyond 48 hours. The side effect profile, cost and ease of administration should be considered for the selection of first choice tocolytic among those two

Diagnosis of Retinitis Pigmentosa from Retinal Images

Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disorder that results in nyctalopia and its progression leads to complete loss of vision. The analysis and the study of retinal images are necessary, so as to help ophthalmologist in early detection of the retinitis pigmentosa. In this paper fundus images and Optical Coherence Tomography images are comprehensively analyzed, so as to obtain the various morphological features that characterize the retinitis pigmentosa. Pigment Deposits, important trait of RP is investigated. Degree of darkness and entropy are the features used for analysis of PD. The darkness and entropy of the PD is compared with the different regions of the fundus image which is used to detect the pigments in the retinal image. Also the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by using various performance metrics. The performance metrics are calculated for all 120 images of RIPS dataset. The performance metrics such as sensitivity, sensibility, specificity, accuracy, F-score, equal error rate, conformity coefficient, Jaccard's coefficient, dice coefficient, universal quality index were calculated as 0.72, 0.96, 0.97, 0.62, 0.12, 0.09, 0.59, 0.45 and 0.62, respectively

A Study of Lipoprotein (a) and Biochemical Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome among Younger Population

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome is defined as the combination of obesity, hyperglycemia/diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Metabolic syndrome is attracting more commercial interest, due to components of the MS enhances the chance for cardio vascular disease and also the total morbidity and mortality in our population. Lipoprotein (a) has emerged nowadays as a powerful genetic risk factor for CAD. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to know the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among younger population and to study the relationship between Lipoprotein (a) and metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients and bystanders (136 persons) who attended the medicine OPD of Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamilnadu for routine medical check up formed the subjects for the present cross-sectional study. The following parameters were collected: age, gender, religion, waist circumference, blood pressure and fasting clinical chemistry parameters (Blood glucose, serum triglycerides, HDL and lipoprotein (a)).Blood glucose is estimated by GOD-POD method, Serum triglycerides by GPO-PAP method, HDL by direct detergent method and lipoprotein (a) by latex turbidimetry method. RESULTS: In our study population, prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 47.1% (64 persons) according to the Modified NCEP ATP III Criteria and according to the IDF Criteria; prevalence is 44.9% (61 persons). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (By Modified NCEP ATP III Criteria or IDF Criteria) with the age category has significant correlation according to the p-value 0.000 (<0.01). Amount of lipoprotein (a) is present in the metabolic syndrome category, by Modified NECP ATP III Criteria with the mean and standard deviation of 55.65 ± 18.30 and IDF Criteria with the mean and standard deviation of 56.07 ± 18.10. Metabolic syndrome category by either Modified NECP ATP III Criteria or IDF Criteria has significant correlation with lipoprotein (a) according to their p-value 0.000 (<0.01). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome with age category has significant correlation. Prevalence is maximum at the age group of 35-39 years followed by the age group of 30-34 years and then 24-29 years. Lipoprotein (a) level has significant correlation with the metabolic syndrome. It has significantly correlated with the individual components of metabolic syndrome and age category also (p value <0.01)

Association of Lipid biomarkers with drinking patterns and severity in alcoholic liver disease - A hospital- based cross- sectional study

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of death due to cirrhosis. Dyslipidemia is a common finding in ALD and lipid parameters are shown to be associated with disease severity. However the effect of alcohol drinking pattern on lipid abnormalities is still unclear. Hence this cross sectional study was planned to estimate the serum lipid profile in ALD patients and to determine the association of lipid parameters with alcohol drinking pattern and the severity of liver disease.50 male patients with ALD and 50 age matched controls were enrolled. AUDIT score was used to assess their drinking pattern. Serum lipid profile and liver parameters were estimated and compared between the cases and controls. The patients were grouped based on severity into Child Pugh's group A, B and C and the study parameters were compared between the groups. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS v20.0. The mean total cholesterol level (126.98±45.06 vs 163.2±24.38 mg/dL), LDL and HDL cholesterol was significantly less in ALD compared to controls. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were low in Child Pugh's Score C group. Mean AUDIT score was18 ± 4. Low Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels correlate with disease severity and are markers of poor prognosis. Lipid parameters do not correlate with alcohol drinking patterns in ALD