Historical and social aspects of halitosis Los aspectos históricos y sociales de halitosis Aspectos históricos e sociais da halitose

Buccal odors have always been a factor of concern for society. This study aims to investigate the historical and social base of halitosis, through systematized research in the database BVS (biblioteca virtual em saúde - virtual library in health) and also in books. Lack of knowledge on how to prevent halitosis allows for its occurrence, limiting quality of life. As social relationships are one of the pillars of the quality of life concept, halitosis needs to be considered a factor of negative interference. Education in health should be accomplished with a view to a dynamic balance, involving human beings' physical and psychological aspects, as well as their social interactions, so that individuals do not become jigsaw puzzles of sick parts.<br>Los olores bucales siempre han sido un factor de preocupación para la sociedad, y ellos todavía son ahora. El objetivo de este estudio es hacer una base histórica y social en la halitosis. Fue efectuada una investigación sistematizada en la base de datos BVS (biblioteca virtual em saúde - la biblioteca virtual en salud) y también en los libros. La ignorancia en cómo prevenir la halitosis permite su ocurrencia, que limita la calidad de vida. Siendo las relaciones sociales uno de los pilares del concepto de calidad de vida, es necesario considerar la halitosis un factor de interferencia negativa. La educación en salud se debe llevar a cabo buscando un equilibrio dinámico, involucrando los aspectos físicos y psicológicos del ser humano, así como sus interacciones sociales, para que los individuos no se vuelvan rompecabezas de partes enfermas.<br>O problema referente aos odores bucais sempre foi fator de preocupação para a sociedade e ainda hoje se mostra presente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um embasamento histórico e social sobre a halitose. Para tanto, foi feita busca sistematizada, selecionando artigos por meio da base de dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e também pesquisa em livros. O desconhecimento sobre como prevenir halitose permite a sua ocorrência, limitando a qualidade de vida. Sendo os relacionamentos sociais um dos pilares do constructo qualidade de vida, é preciso considerar a halitose como fator de interferência negativa. A educação em saúde deve ser realizada visando o equilíbrio dinâmico, envolvendo aspectos físicos e psicológicos do ser humano, assim como suas interações sociais, para que os indivíduos não se tornem quebra-cabeças de partes doentes

The importance of workforce surveillance, research evidence and political advocacy in the context of international migration of dentists

The international migration of dentists is an issue of pressing significance that poses several complex policy challenges. Policy-making is mainly constrained by the lack of workforce surveillance, research evidence and political advocacy – all three are required to work together, yet with different purposes. We first discuss the inconsistencies in migrant dentist surveillance in major country-level governmental systems (immigration departments, dentist registration authorities and workforce agencies). We argue that the limitations in surveillance collections affect independent research and in turn scholarly contributions to dental workforce policy. Differences in country-level surveillance collections also hinder valid cross-country comparisons on migrant dentist data, impeding global policy efforts. Due to these limitations, advocacy, or the political process to influence health policy, suffers, but is integral to future challenges on dentist migration. Country-level advocacy is best targeted at improving migrant dentist surveillance systems. Research interest can be invigorated through targeted funding allocations for migration research and by improving the availability of dentist surveillance data for research purposes. At the global level, the WHOs global code of practice for international recruitment of health personnel (a crucial advocacy tool) needs to be strengthened. Global organisations such as the FDI World Dental Federation have an important role to play in advocating for improved migrant dentist workforce surveillance and research evidence, especially in low- and middle-income countries.M. Balasubramanian, D. S. Brennan, A. J. Spencer, K. Watkins, S. D. Shor

Oral Rehabilitation of a Young Adult with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Clinical Report

This clinical report describes a multidisciplinary approach for the oral rehabilitation of a young adult patient diagnosed with hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta with a skeletal Class III malocclusion. The specific objectives of this treatment were to eliminate tooth sensitivity while enhancing esthetics and restoring masticatory function. The reverse horizontal overlap of posterior teeth was maintained. Treatment included removal of few teeth, lengthening of the maxillary and mandibular clinical crowns, and placement of anterior and posterior metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures. The third month recall examination revealed no pathology associated with the rehabilitation, and the patient’s esthetic and functional expectations were satisfied

Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3,4,5,6,7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease