A summary of ODP leg 141 hydrogeologic, geochemical and thermal results

The subduction of the oceanic spreading center at the Chile Triple Junction is marked by a substantial thermal perturbation and marked changes in the hydrogeologic and aqueous geochemical regimes in the overthrust plate. Ridge subduction substantially changes the fluid chemistry in the wedge through variably hydrating the oceanic basement, accretionary wedge, and continental backstop. This generates positive anomalies in salinity and chloride values with respect to sea water. The wedge immediately above the subducted ridge also experiences greatly enhance diagenesis and cementation together with the influx of primordial mantle derived ⁴He. Linear temperature and pore fluid chemistry profiles suggest a predominantly diffusive/conductive regime predominates in the interior eastern portion of the wedge and continental backstop region. In contrast, a vigorous and transient hydrogeolgic system within 5 km of the toe of the wedge at both Sites 859 and 863 generates spatially narrow, large, and complex anomalies in temperature and fluid chemistry. At the toe the vigorous hydrogeologic system may be variably influenced by the episodic expulsion of fluid from both the deeper parts of the wedge and oceanic basement driven convection systems. Structural and diagenetic observations are also consistent with a hydrogeologic regime that both evolves with time and that is dominated by episodic processes. In particular, studies of cements, mineralized veins, deformation bands, and Fe sulfide distribution suggest that above the subducting ridge (i.e., Site 863) the lithification in the wedge is greatly enhanced and that and periods of enhanced fluid expulsion are associated with local hydrofracture and dilation episodes

APPLIED ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) INLOGS RAW MATERIAL INVENTORY CONTROL FOR PLYWOOD INDUSTRY

One of the most difficult aspect of plywood industry is control inventory. Logs as the main raw material for plywood industry are the first and foremost form of inventory.Without proper planning, a manufacturing company can run out of raw material, negatively impacting the company and its customers. The aim of this study was to evaluate logs raw material inventory control applied at a plywood in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.For the purpose of the study, the data of logs raw material consumption during sixteen years (1996-2011) were collected.In order to find out the demand of logs, data analysis is done periodically (time series data) by using single exponential smoothing model (SES). Mean Absolute Persentage Error (MAPE), Mean Squared Error (MSE)and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) are used to measureof logs forecast accuracy. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and Re-order Point (ROP) were used to address the most fundamental question in inventory control how much inventory should be ordered???? and when should be ordered????

How to Feed 311 Million of Indonesian People by 2050? Advancing Local Food Adaptation and Food Security Policy

During decades, rice production in Indonesia has continuously increased. However, the increase in food consumption is Faster than the rate of production. The population growth in Indonesia is projected to grow by 24.5% over the next four decades, from 250 million in 2015 to 311 million in 2050. In addition, climate change impacts would also exacerbate food supply and endanger sustainable food production. If the food needs for the population cannot be met, Indonesia will become a food insecurity country. On the other hand, Indonesia has a great potential food supply from a local resource that can be developed as the basis for food security in the long-term period. However, those local food resources are not considered the main staple food although their production is not significantly influenced by climate. The advancing potency of local food adaptation can create climate-resilient agriculture to proceed national food security. In addition, effective governance is needed to implement policies which promote food availability, food accessibility and individual food utilization based on local resources

Wanagama forest’s biodiversity: plant species in the uncultivated area

Wanagama Forest, located in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, was cleared in 1926. It was then rehabilitated with teak (Tectona grandis) in 1927 and 1948, but these trees have not been successful yet. In 1960 and 1964, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) started to cultivate mulberry (Morus alba) in 10 hectares, as well as fast-growing and fast-harvesting species. Terracing was used and season also calculated. In 1967, rehabilitation continued with tree species within 79.9 hectares and became 599.9 hectares in 1983. Recently, uncultivated areas of Wanagama forest still exist and are interesting for exploring because of limited data. A study was conducted between June and November 2008 to investigate the plant composition in this uncultivated area. Nine plots of 5 m × 40 m were randomly made. All vegetation in the plots was counted, sampled, documented, and then identified in UGM. There were 83 species and 35 families recorded. Cyperus rotundus is the most dominant species. Cyperaceae is the most dominant family, followed respectively by Fabaceae and Poaceae. Fabaceae has big potential for rehabilitation to hasten succession in Wanagama forest

Use of the Critical Acidification Model to Estimate Critical Localized Corrosion Potentials of Duplex Stainless Steels

Crevice corrosion affects the integrity of stainless steels used in components exposed to seawater. Traditionally, crevice corrosion testing involves the use of artificial crevice formers to obtain a critical crevice potential, which is a measure of the crevice corrosion resistance of the alloy. The critical acidification model proposed by Galvele predicts that the critical crevice potential is the minimum potential required to maintain an acidic solution with a critical pH inside either a pit or a crevice. Application of Galvele’s model requires an estimation of both the diffusion length and the i vs. E behavior of the metal in the solution inside the crevice. In this work, the crevice corrosion resistance of a 22%Cr duplex stainless steel (UNS S31803) and a 25%Cr super duplex stainless steels (UNS S32750) was investigated. The i vs. E response of the two stainless steels was determined in acidified solutions of various chloride concentrations, which simulate those found in an active crevice. Critical potentials predicted by the critical acidification model were compared with critical crevice potentials measured in simulated seawater. Results showed that despite the various assumptions and simplifications made by Galvele, the model correctly predicted the occurrence of crevice corrosion of both 25Cr super duplex stainless steel and 22Cr duplex stainless steel close to room temperature in a 3.5 wt% NaCl environment. Critical potentials obtained by Galvele’s model were similar if assuming that the chloride concentration of the simulated crevice solutions was between 7 M and 12 M acidified to a pH of 0