Globalization and Changing Patterns in the International Transmission of Shocks in Financial Markets

In this paper we compare various characteristics of the cross-country transmission of shocks in the financial markets of both advanced and emerging countries during two periods of globalization -- the pre-World War I classical gold standard era, 1880-1914, and the post-Bretton Woods era, 1975-2000. Based on principal components analysis on monthly spreads on long-term sovereign bond yields and on an EMP measure of currency crises, an index of global stress, and impulse response functions from VARs estimated using weekly data on short-term interest rates, we conclude that financial market shocks were more globalized before 1914 compared to the present. We postulate that this difference in systemic stability between the two eras of globalization reflects factors such as strong cross-country interdependence fostered through links to gold, the growing financial maturity of advanced countries, and the widening of the center to include a more diverse group of countries spanning several regions.

Examining the Challenges and Opportunities of Managing Public Services in a Complex and Interconnected World

This research looks into the difficulties and potentials of public service management in today's increasingly complicated and interconnected world. Through a review of the literature and an examination of the available data, the authors of this study highlight the obstacles that public administration must overcome in order to advance social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Multilateral cooperation, stakeholder engagement, strategic planning, public-private partnerships, innovation and entrepreneurship, sustainable development, community engagement, inclusive policies, social safety nets, renewable energy, sustainable land use, disaster risk reduction, digitalization of services, smart infrastructure, and cybersecurity are all identified as opportunities and potential solutions in the study. Managing public services in today's fast-paced world is fraught with complex challenges, and this analysis emphasizes the need for holistic approaches that involve cooperation and innovation across sectors. Policymakers and researchers working to promote social, economic, and environmental sustainability in the public sector can benefit from this study's suggestions and consequences

Éloi Ficquet, Ahmed Hassen Omer, and Thomas Osmond, eds, Movements in Ethiopia: Ethiopia in Movement. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, I–II

Revie

A stochastic model of catalytic reaction networks in protocells

Protocells are supposed to have played a key role in the self-organizing processes leading to the emergence of life. Existing models either (i) describe protocell architecture and dynamics, given the existence of sets of collectively self-replicating molecules for granted, or (ii) describe the emergence of the aforementioned sets from an ensemble of random molecules in a simple experimental setting (e.g. a closed system or a steady-state flow reactor) that does not properly describe a protocell. In this paper we present a model that goes beyond these limitations by describing the dynamics of sets of replicating molecules within a lipid vesicle. We adopt the simplest possible protocell architecture, by considering a semi-permeable membrane that selects the molecular types that are allowed to enter or exit the protocell and by assuming that the reactions take place in the aqueous phase in the internal compartment. As a first approximation, we ignore the protocell growth and division dynamics. The behavior of catalytic reaction networks is then simulated by means of a stochastic model that accounts for the creation and the extinction of species and reactions. While this is not yet an exhaustive protocell model, it already provides clues regarding some processes that are relevant for understanding the conditions that can enable a population of protocells to undergo evolution and selection.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

Pricing perpetual options using Mellin transforms

AbstractWe have derived the expression for the free boundary and price of an American perpetual put as the limit of a finite-lived option

Bibliography of Ethiopian Semitic, Cushitic and Omotic Linguistics XXII: 2018

Bibliography of Ethiopian Semitic, Cushitic and Omotic Linguistics XXII: 201

Bibliography of Ethiopian Semitic, Cushitic and Omotic Linguistics XXI: 2017

Bibliography of Ethiopian Semitic, Cushitic and Omotic Linguistics XXI: 201

Bibliography of Ethiopian Semitic, Cushitic and Omotic Linguistics XX: 2016

Bibliography of Ethiopian Semitic, Cushitic and Omotic Linguistics XX: 201

Contexto juridico-social da reforma agraria

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias JuridicasEsta dissertação tem como objeto o "Contexto Jurídico-social da Reforma Agrária". Trata-se de demonstrar os aspectos polêmicos do sistema agrário brasileiro. Utiliza o método indutivo e baseia-se na teoria dialética do conhecimento. Elabora a pesquisa a partir da problemática concreta do meio rural: as contradições emergentes das forças de produção e das relações sociais de produção. Utiliza como referência constante e objeto de análise: o Direito; e como instrumental teórico para discutir a realidade, o saber interdisciplinar, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica. Os confrontos de classe, demonstrados ao longo da pesquisa, procuram evidenciar, primeiro, que a legislação agrária tem mantido no país a precípua função de consolidar os privilégios dos grandes proprietários; segundo, que as mudanças favoráveis aos camponeses são sempre resultantes de sua organização e de suas lutas. Esse processo de pesquisa é desenvolvido dentro de uma estrutura de sete capítulos e de parte conclusiva. Trata, sucessivamente de: 1) caracterizar o sistema agrário e evidenciar a correlação de forças sociais do campo no período: 1500 a 1890; 2) analisar as estratégias político-jurídicas da oligarquia rural, visando garantir a manutenção do "status quo", no espaço compreendido entre a Proclamação da República e o golpe de 1964. Ressalta a existência de vários movimentos de combate ao sistema; 3 e 4) demonstrar os rumos da política agrária a partir da concessão do estatuto da Terra e evidenciar as peculiaridades de cada governo do regime militar, pós 1964, frente à questão rural; 5) fazer a análise da estrutura agrária e um balanço da escalada da violência de 1964 a 1987, ressaltando o atual estado de pré-guerra civil no campo; 6) detectar as forças pró e contra a reforma agrária e avaliar o posicionamento assumido pelos diversos segmentos da Igreja e, por outro lado, a organização e ação da UDR. O último capítulo estuda, criticamente, o processo de elaboração e implementação do Plano Nacional de Reforma Agrária da " nova" República e o tratamento dado à questão pela nova Constituição. Discute o papel do Estado numa estrutura agrária capitalista e a função dos movimentos sociais do meio rural. A conclusão sustenta que os instrumentos jurídico-agrários se constituem em engodos permanentes e têm a função de consolidar a estrutura agrária vigente. Realça o significativo avanço dos movimentos sociais do campo. Mostra que a reforma agrária só poderá ser levada a efeito pela articulação entre camponeses e forças sociais afins, de tal forma que propicie a democratização das forças produtivas e das relações sociais de produção, conferindo cidadania plena aos artifícios dessa reforma

PO-040 Characterisation of cdk12 knocked out ovarian cancer cell lines

Introduction While cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have a key role in promoting/controlling transition between the different phases of the cell cycle, transcriptional kinases, like CDK12, are mainly involved in gene transcription. CDK12 has been shown to regulate the expression of genes involved in DNA damage and to maintain genomic stability. Impairment of CDK12 activity is synergic with PARP inhibitor and cisplatin treatments in different cellular systems. We here aimed to generate ovarian cancer cell lines knocked out (KO) for CDK12 to understand its role in ovarian cancer and in response to chemotherapy. Material and methods A2780 and SKOV3 CDK12 KO clones were generated with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Cell cycle analysis was evaluated by standard flow cytometric methods and DNA repair genes levels by Real Time PCR. Caspase 3 activity was measured to detect apoptosis with a luminescence-based assay. Cytotoxicity experiments were performed treating cells with different drug concentrations and evaluating cell survival after 72 hours by MTS assay. For in vivo studies 7.5 millions of cells were transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice and animals were monitored for tumour appearance and growth. Results and discussions We obtained 2 CDK12 KO ovarian cancer clones, A2780 KO and SKOV3 KO, out of more than 300 clones screened. The cell growth of both A2780 KO and SKOV3 KO cells is slower than the wild type (WT) cells, they have a less clonogenic ability and a tetraploid DNA content. Both CDK12 KO clones have a higher basal caspase activity than the WT cell lines, indicative of higher basal induction of apoptosis, while no increase in autophagy or senescence is observed. Both CDK12 KO clones show a decreased expression in BRCA1 and FANCD2 DNA repair genes than the WT cells. Cytotoxic experiments with anticancer agents with different mechanism of action show that both KO clones are less sensitive to ATM, CHK1 and WEE1 inhibitors treatment as compared to WT cells, while platinum and PARP inhibitors show similar cytotoxic activity in KO and WT cells. Interestingly enough, when KO clones were transplanted in nude mice, no tumour take was observed. Conclusion We were able to obtain CDK12 KO cells. We think that these models could help in disclosing new roles of CDK12 in ovarian carcinoma and may represent a useful tool to study new combination therapies for tumours with CDK12 mutations