3,457 research outputs found
Kappa Opioid Regulation of Depressive-Like Behavior During Acute Withdrawal and Protracted Abstinence from Ethanol
The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (DYN/KOR) system appears to be a key mediator of the behavioral effects of chronic exposure to alcohol. Although KOR opioid receptor antagonists have been shown to decrease stress-related behaviors in animal models during acute ethanol withdrawal, the role of the DYN/KOR system in regulating long-term behavioral changes following protracted abstinence from ethanol is not well understood. The objective of the current study was to further explore the role of the DYN/KOR system in regulating stress-related behavioral changes associated with acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence from ethanol. More specifically, the present experiments sought to examine the ability of the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI) to reverse depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test in rats exposed to chronic ethanol. In the first experiment, rats were fed an ethanol or control liquid diet for 28–30 days, and then 24 hours after removal of the diet, were exposed to inescapable swim stress. Immediately following this procedure, rats were injected with nor-BNI (20 mg/kg) or saline and then tested 24 hours later in the forced swim test. A second experiment used a similar procedure to examine the effects of nor-BNI on behavioral changes during protracted abstinence in rats tested in the forced swim test 3 weeks after exposure to the ethanol liquid diet procedure. Ethanol-dependent rats showed increased immobility, which is thought to indicate a depressive-like state, when examined during acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence compared to controls, an effect attenuated by nor-BNI. These results suggest that the DYN/KOR system plays role in mediating both short- and long-term behavioral changes associated with depression following chronic alcohol exposure
Продукты ограниченного протеолиза: подходы к обнаружению и диагностические возможности в оценке тяжести патологии при эндогенной интоксикации
ПРОДУКТЫ ОГРАНИЧЕННОГО ПРОТЕОЛИЗАПРОТЕИНАЗО-ИНГИБИТОРНАЯ СИСТЕМАОТРАВЛЕНИЕ /ДИАГН /ОСЛЭНДОГЕННАЯ ИНТОКСИКАЦИЯ /ДИАГН /ОСЛСРЕДНЕМОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ ПЕПТИДНАЯ ФРАКЦИЯПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ И ПРОЦЕДУРЫБЕЛКОВО-ПЕПТИДНЫЕ КОМПОНЕНТ
A Thiazolidinedione Improves In Vivo Insulin Action on Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Synthase in Insulin-Resistant Monkeys
Thiazolidinediones (TZD) have been shown to have
anti-diabetic effects including the ability to decrease
fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, increase
insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate (M)
and decrease hepatic glucose production, but the
mechanisms of action are not well established. To
determine whether a TZD (R-102380, Sankyo Company
Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) could improve insulin
action on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (GS),
the rate-limiting enzyme in glycogen synthesis, 4
insulin-resistant obese monkeys were given I mg/kg/
day R-102380 p.o. for a 6-week period. Skeletal
muscle GS activity and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)
content were compared between pre-dosing and
dosing periods before and during the maximal
insulin-stimulation of a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic
clamp
Changes in gait during constant pace treadmill running.
Treadmills are often used by runners when weather conditions are adverse or a specific training effect is desired. Athletes might respond to fatigue differently when running on a treadmill compared with overground conditions, where pace is typically more variable. The purpose of this study was to measure changes in gait parameters over the course of a 10-km treadmill run. Fifteen male competitive runners ran at a constant pace for 10 km at 103% of season's best time on an instrumented treadmill with in-dwelling force plates, and data were analyzed at 5 distances. Kinematic data were derived from high-speed videography and results compared between the early and late stages. Before halfway, step length increased and cadence decreased, whereas during the latter stages, there were significant decreases in impulse and maximum force. Contact time decreased and flight time increased continually, but otherwise most gait variables did not change. The changes in contact and flight times suggested that athletes altered their gait so that more time was spent airborne to allow the treadmill to pass under them. In general, however, the runners maintained their techniques throughout the run. Constant pace treadmill running might therefore be useful with the aim of running for a particular distance and speed with a consistent technique unaffected by factors such as gradient or fatigue. However, the increase in flight time might have aided the runners because of the nature of treadmill running, and athletes and coaches should note that this training effect is impractical during overground running
IMRPhenomXP_NRTidalv2: An improved frequency-domain precessing binary neutron star waveform model
We present two new frequency-domain gravitational waveform models for the
analysis of signals emitted by binary neutron star coalescences:
IMRPhenomXAS_NRTidalv2 and IMRPhenomXP_NRTidalv2. Both models are available
through the public algorithm library LALSuite and represent the first
extensions of IMRPhenomX models including matter effects. We show here that
these two models represent a significant advancement in efficiency and accuracy
with respect to their phenomenological predecessors, IMRPhenomD_NRTidalv2 and
IMRPhenomPv2_NRTidalv2. The computational efficiency of the new models is
achieved through the application of the same multibanding technique previously
applied to binary black hole models. Furthermore, IMRPhenomXP_NRTidalv2
implements a more accurate description of the precession dynamics, including
double-spin effects and, optionally, matter effects in the twisting-up
construction. The latter are available through an option to use a numerical
integration of the post-Newtonian precession equations. We show that the new
precession descriptions allow the model to better reproduce the phenomenology
observed in numerical-relativity simulations of precessing binary neutron
stars. Finally, we present some applications of the new models to Bayesian
parameter estimation studies, including a reanalysis of GW170817 and a study of
simulated observations using numerical relativity waveforms for nonprecessing
binary neutron stars with highly spinning components. We find that in these
cases the new models make a negligible difference in the results. Nevertheless,
by virtue of the aforementioned improvements, the new models represent valuable
tools for the study of future detections of coalescing binary neutron stars.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figure
Aquatic biosurvey of the Lovell River on UNH land
We assessed the physical, chemical and biological conditions at two sites along the Lovell River on University of New Hampshire (UNH) -owned conservation land. The discharge was 4.4 m3 s-1 at Site 1 and 5.7 m3 s -1 downstream at Site 2. Canopy coverage ranged from 8-25%. Canopy was dominated by Eastern Hemlock (79-84%). Much of the stream was strewn with large boulders and the substrate consisted of rocks of highly variable sizes ( 3-549 cm dia.). Specific conductivity (22.1-23.3 µS), pH (6.4) and temperature (7.9-8.3 °C) varied little between sites. Macro-invertebrate bio-indices indicated either excellent water quality with no apparent organic pollution (3.0/10) or good water quality with possible slight organic pollution (4.4/10)
Professionalism, golf coaching and a master of science degree
A distinction can be made between 'professionalisation', which is concerned with occupational status and standing, and 'professionalism,' which refers to matters of quality and standards of practice (especially specialized knowledge, ethics and altruism). The purpose of this stimulus article is to present key features of contemporary medical professionalism as a basis for critically reflecting on discourse associated with Tiger Woods' current coach, Sean Foley. It is suggested that that provision of a Master of Science degree in golf teaching/coaching would facilitate the development of 'professionalism' in golf coaches
Numerical Simulations of N=(1,1) SYM{1+1} with Large Supersymmetry Breaking
We consider the SYM theory that is obtained by dimensionally
reducing SYM theory in 2+1 dimensions to 1+1 dimensions and discuss soft
supersymmetry breaking. We discuss the numerical simulation of this theory
using SDLCQ when either the boson or the fermion has a large mass. We compare
our result to the pure adjoint fermion theory and pure adjoint boson DLCQ
calculations of Klebanov, Demeterfi, and Bhanot and of Kutasov. With a large
boson mass we find that it is necessary to add additional operators to the
theory to obtain sensible results. When a large fermion mass is added to the
theory we find that it is not necessary to add operators to obtain a sensible
theory. The theory of the adjoint boson is a theory that has stringy bound
states similar to the full SYM theory. We also discuss another theory of
adjoint bosons with a spectrum similar to that obtained by Klebanov, Demeterfi,
and Bhanot.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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