An Integrated Approach to Climate Change, Income Distribution, Employment, and Economic Growth*

A demand-driven growth model involving capital accumulation and the dynamics of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration is set up to examine macroeconomic issues raised by global warming, e.g. effects on output and employment of rising levels of GHG; offsets by mitigation; relationships among energy use and labor productivity, income distribution, and growth; the economic significance of the Jevons and other paradoxes; sustainable consumption and possible reductions in employment; and sources of instability and cyclicality implicit in the twodimensional dynamical system. The emphasis is on the combination of biophysical limits and Post- Keynesian growth theory and the qualitative patterns of system adjustment and the dynamics that emerge.Series: Ecological Economic Paper

Demand Drives Growth all the Way

A demand-driven alternative to the conventional Solow-Swan growth model is analyzed. Its medium run is built around Marx-Goodwin cycles of demand and distribution. Long-run income and wealth distributions follow rules of accumulation stated by Pasinetti in combination with a technical progress function for labor productivity growth incorporating a Kaldor effect and induced innovation. An explicit steady state solution is presented along with analysis of dynamics. When wage income of capitalist households is introduced, the Samuelson-Modigliani steady state "dual" to Pasinetti's cannot be stable. Numerical simulation loosely based on US data suggests that the long-run growth rate is around two percent per year and that the capitalist share of wealth may rise from about forty to seventy percent due to positive medium-term feedback of higher wealth inequality into its own growth.Series: Ecological Economic Paper

Economic Growth, Income Distribution, and Climate Change

We present a model based on Keynesian aggregate demand and labor productivity growth to study how climate damage affects the long-run evolution of the economy. Climate change induced by greenhouse gas lowers profitability, reducing investment and cutting output in the short and long runs. Short-run employment falls due to deficient demand. In the long run productivity growth is slower, lowering potential income levels. Climate policy can increase incomes and employment in the short and long runs while a continuation of business-as-usual leads to a dystopian income distribution with affluence for few and high levels of unemployment for the rest.Series: Ecological Economic Paper

The potential of sentence imitation tasks for assessment of language abilities in sequential bilingual children

Sentence repetition tasks are increasingly recognised as a useful clinical tool for diagnosing language impairment in children. They are quick to administer, can be carefully targeted to elicit specific sentence structures, and are particularly informative about children’s lexical and morphosyntactic knowledge. This chapter exlores the theoretical potential of sentence repetition for assessment of sequential bilingual children, and presents three studies comparing performance of sequential bilingual children with monolingual children’s performance on standardised sentence repetition tests in Hebrew (children with L1 Russian, age 5-7 years, and L1 English, age 4½-6½ years), German (children with L1 Russian, age 4-7 years) and English (children with L1 Turkish, age 6-9 years). Results differed across studies: distribution of children in the Hebrew studies was in line with monolingual norms, while the majority of children in the English-Turkish study scored in a range that would be deemed impaired for monolingual children, and performance in the German-Russian study fell between these extremes. Analyses of performance within studies revealed similar discrepancies in effects of children’s exposure to L2, with significant effects of Age of Onset in the Hebrew-Russian and Hebrew-English groups and some indication of Length of Exposure effects, but no effects of either factor in the English-Turkish group. Multiple differences between these studies preclude direct inferences about the reasons for these different results: studies differed in content, methods and scoring of sentence repetition tests, and in ages, languages, language exposure, and socioeconomic status of participants. It is possible that socioeconomic differences are associated with differences in language experience that are equally or more important than onset and length of exposure. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that sentence repetition provides a measure of children’s proficiency in their L2, but that the use of sentence repetition in clinical assessment requires caution unless norms are available for the child’s bilingual community. As a next step, it is proposed that sentence repetition tests using early-acquired vocabulary and targeting aspects of sentence structure known to be difficult for monolingual children with language impairments should be developed in different target languages. This will allow us to explore further the factors that influence attainment of basic morphosyntax in sequential bilingual children, and the point at which sentence repetition, as a measure of morphosyntax, can help to identify children requiring clinical intervention

Prospectus, October 23, 1970

TEACHING COMPUTER USES TUTOR, INQUIRY; New College To Be Extension Of Old; Scheduling System Is Changed; Problems Of Our Times; Letters To The Editor; Bull Page: All Organizations, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, Athletics Committee, Yearbook, Powder Puff Football, The Rainmaker Is Cast, Chi Gamma Iota, Cinema, Student Government, Phi Beta Lambda, IOC, Vets Meeting; I\u27m For Real: October\u27s Intercollegiate Athlete; Golfers- In Full Swing; Coaches Corner; About The Artisthttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1970/1023/thumbnail.jp

The social cost of carbon emissions: Seven propositions

h i g h l i g h t s • We emphasize the market failure in the market for carbon emissions for economy-wide CBA. • Treating the SCC as independent of reference path is vulnerable to the methodological error. • We gage the effects of uncertainty and ambiguity on the social cost of carbon. • We review empirical estimates of the SCC. • We critically discuss recent US policy initiatives placing the SCC at 77/tC. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c t Determining the social cost of carbon emissions (SCC) is a crucial step in the economic analysis of climate change policy as the US government's recent decision to use a range of estimates of the SCC centered at 77/tC (or, equivalently, $21/tCO 2 ) in cost-benefit analyses of proposed emission-control legislation underlines. This note reviews the welfare economics theory fundamental to the estimation of the SCC in both static and intertemporal contexts, examining the effects of assumptions about the typical agent's pure rate of time preference and elasticity of marginal felicity of consumption, production and mitigation technology, and the magnitude of climate-change damage on estimates of the SCC. We highlight three key conclusions: (i) an estimate of the SCC is conditional on a specific policy scenario, the details of which must be made explicit for the estimate to be meaningful; (ii) the social discount rate relevant to intertemporal allocation decisions also depends on the policy scenario; and (iii) the SCC is uniquely defined only for policy scenarios that lead to an efficient growth path because marginal costs and benefits of emission-mitigation diverge on inefficient growth paths. We illustrate these analytical conclusions with simulations of a growth model calibrated to the world economy

Limited sensitivity and specificity of the ACR/EULAR-2019 classification criteria for SLE in JSLE?—observations from the UK JSLE Cohort Study

Objectives: This study aimed to test the performance of the new ACR and EULAR criteria, that include ANA positivity as entry criterion, in JSLE. / Methods: Performance of the ACR/EULAR-2019 criteria were compared with Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC-2012), using data from children and young people (CYP) in the UK JSLE Cohort Study (n = 482), with the ACR-1997 criteria used as reference standard. An unselected cohort of CYP positive for ANA (n = 129) was used to calculate positive/negative predictive values of the criteria. / Results: At both first and last visits, the number of patients fulfilling the different classification criteria varied significantly (P < 0.001). The sensitivity of the SLICC-2012 criteria was higher when compared with that of the ACR/EULAR-2019 criteria at first and last visits (98% vs 94% for first visit, and 98% vs 96% for last visit; P < 0.001), when all available CYP were considered. The ACR/EULAR-2019 criteria were more specific when compared with the SLICC-2012 criteria (77% vs 67% for first visit, and 81% vs 71% for last visit; P < 0.001). Significant differences between the classification criteria were mainly caused by the variation in ANA positivity across ages. In the unselected cohort of ANA-positive CYP, the ACR/EULAR-2019 criteria produced the highest false-positive classification (6/129, 5%). / Conclusion: In CYP, the ACR/EULAR-2019 criteria are not superior to those of the SLICC-2012 or ACR-1997 criteria. If classification criteria are designed to include CYP and adult populations, paediatric rheumatologists should be included in the consensus and evaluation process, as seemingly minor changes can significantly affect outcomes

A selective eradication of human nonhereditary breast cancer cells by phenanthridine-derived polyADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors

INTRODUCTION: PARP-1 (polyADP-ribose polymerase-1) is known to be activated in response to DNA damage, and activated PARP-1 promotes DNA repair. However, a recently disclosed alternative mechanism of PARP-1 activation by phosphorylated externally regulated kinase (ERK) implicates PARP-1 in a vast number of signal-transduction networks in the cell. Here, PARP-1 activation was examined for its possible effects on cell proliferation in both normal and malignant cells. METHODS: In vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (xenotransplants) experiments were performed. RESULTS: Phenanthridine-derived PARP inhibitors interfered with cell proliferation by causing G2/M arrest in both normal (human epithelial cells MCF10A and mouse embryonic fibroblasts) and human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA231. However, whereas the normal cells were only transiently arrested, G2/M arrest in the malignant breast cancer cells was permanent and was accompanied by a massive cell death. In accordance, treatment with a phenanthridine-derived PARP inhibitor prevented the development of MCF-7 and MDA231 xenotransplants in female nude mice. Quiescent cells (neurons and cardiomyocytes) are not impaired by these PARP inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: These results outline a new therapeutic approach for a selective eradication of abundant nonhereditary human breast cancers

Neuropsychiatric involvement in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the UK Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus cohort study

INTRODUCTION: Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is a rare autoimmune/inflammatory disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Neuropsychiatric (NP) involvement is a severe complication, encompassing a heterogeneous range of neurological and psychiatric manifestations. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of NP-SLE were assessed in participants of the UK JSLE Cohort Study, and compared to patients in the same cohort without NP manifestations. RESULTS: A total of 428 JSLE patients were included in this study, 25% of which exhibited NP features, half of them at first visit. Most common neurological symptoms among NP-JSLE patients included headaches (78.5%), mood disorders (48.6%), cognitive impairment (42%), anxiety (23.3%), seizures (19.6%), movement disorders (17.7%), and cerebrovascular disease (14.9%). Peripheral nervous system involvement was recorded in 7% of NP-SLE patients. NP-JSLE patients more frequently exhibited thrombocytopenia (<100 × 109/L) (p = 0.04), higher C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.01), higher global pBILAG score at first visit (p < 0.001), and higher SLICC damage index score at first (p = 0.02) and last (p < 0.001) visit when compared to JSLE patients without NP involvement. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of JSLE patients experience NP involvement (25%). Juvenile-onset NP-SLE most commonly affects the CNS and is associated with increased overall disease activity and damage