Associated factors with hemoptys in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at Dos de Mayo National Hospital, Lima - Peru

Objetivos. Determinar los factores asociados a hemoptisis en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar admitidos al Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Métodos. Estudio analítico de casos y controles. Se seleccionaron pacientes con baciloscopia positiva del programa de tuberculosis del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima - Perú. Los casos fueron pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar con hemoptisis; y los controles, tuberculosis pulmonar sin hemoptisis. Se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y laboratoriales. Se empleo el software SPSS 24. Se determinaron medidas de frecuencia, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, así como los odds ratio con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%, se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p<0,05. Resultados. La hemoptisis representó el 5,8% del total de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y baciloscopia positiva, el 80% se presentó en varones menores de 60 años. El 70% de casos tuvo antecedente de hábito alcohólico (OR: 2,5 IC: 1,2-5,5); el 24% exposición a quema de biomasa (OR: 4,9 IC: 1,7-14); el 66% presentó dolor torácico (OR: 3,3 IC: 1,6-6,7); las alteraciones tomográficas estuvieron presentes en el 88% de casos (OR: 24,5 IC: 9,2-64,8); no se encontró variaciones en el perfil de coagulación. La mortalidad por hemoptisis en pacientes hospitalizados con tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopía positiva fue del 20,22%. Conclusiones. El alcoholismo crónico y la evidencia tomográfica de bronquiectasia estuvieron asociados a hemoptisis en pacientes hospitalizados por tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia positiva.Objectives. To determine the factors associated with hemoptysis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted at Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Methods. Analytical study of cases and controls. Patients from the tuberculosis program at Dos de Mayo National Hospital, Lima- Peru, were selected. The cases were patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, and controls pulmonary tuberculosis without hemoptysis. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory variables were studied. SPSS 24 software is used. Frequency, central trend and dispersion measurements were determined, as well as odds ratios with their respective confidence intervals at 95%, the value of p<0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Tuberculosis hemoptysis account for 5,8% of all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 80% occurred in males under 60 years old. 70% of cases had a history of alcoholic habits (OR: 2,5 CI: 1,2-5,5); 24% exposure to biomass burning (OR: 4,9 CI: 1,7-14); 66% had chest pain (OR: 3,3 IC: 1,6-6,7); tomographic alterations were present in 88% of cases (OR: 24,5 IC: 9,2-64,8); however, no variations in the coagulation profile were found. Death from hemoptysis in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 20,22%. Conclusions. Chronic alcoholism and tomographic evidence of bronchiectasis were associated with hemoptysis in patients hospitalized for pulmonary tuberculosis with positive smear microscopy

Rotura hepática espontánea en puérpera sin enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo ni enfermedad hepática: Reporte de caso

Liver rupture is a serious complication of pregnancy with high morbidity and mortality, it is frequently related to preeclampsia; exceptionally it can occur in a pregnant woman without preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome. There is a case of a pregnant woman without preeclampsia or previous liver disease who develops a liver rupture in the puerperium, she is promptly diagnosed and surgically managed. The patient evolved favorably.La rotura hepática es una complicación grave de un embarazo con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, está relacionada frecuentemente con la preeclampsia; excepcionalmente se puede presentar en una gestante sin preeclampsia o síndrome HELLP. Se presenta un caso de una gestante sin preeclampsia ni enfermedad hepática previa que desarrolla una rotura hepática en el puerperio, es diagnosticada oportunamente y manejada quirúrgicamente. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Rotura hepática espontánea en puérpera sin enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo ni enfermedad hepática: Reporte de caso

La rotura hepática es una complicación grave de un embarazo con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, está relacionada frecuentemente con la preeclampsia; excepcionalmente se puede presentar en una gestante sin preeclampsia o síndrome HELLP. Se presenta un caso de una gestante sin preeclampsia ni enfermedad hepática previa que desarrolla una rotura hepática en el puerperio, es diagnosticada oportunamente y manejada quirúrgicamente. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente

Proyecto de Prevención de Drogodependencias

Se pretende responder a las necesidades de salud en general y a los problemas de consumo de drogas, planteados en el centro escolar. Los objetivos son sensibilizar al conjunto de la comunidad educativa sobre la necesidad de prevenir el consumo de drogas en el marco de la Educación para la Salud, incorporar la prevención de las drogodependencias como tarea propia del centro educativo, y desarrollar en la población escolarizada las actitudes, conocimientos, hábitos y comportamientos que favorezcan una vida sana. Incluye objetivos generales, específicos, didácticos y actividades para cada una de las áreas. La evaluación se hace a través de la observación directa, hojas de registro, encuesta, registro de reuniones de trabajo y de actividades, y se evalúa la organización del equipo docente, la gestión de los recursos, la participación de alumnos y padres y la colaboración con instituciones y entidades del entorno.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación y Cultura. Ministerio de Educación y Cultura. Ayuntamiento de MadridMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES