Evaluation of Ventral Laparoscopic Abomasopexy Using Surgical Staples Associated with Suture Material in Dairy Cattle

Background: Displaced Abomasum is known for being on of the main illnesses that affect milking cows. Increase in diagnosis of this illness is due to advancement in diagnosis techniques. Increase in incidence of this illness can be explained by genetic selection of animals with high production, breed systems and changes to the diet with a higher level of protein. For laparoscopic treatment, several surgical changes were performed to optimize the procedure and thus achieve better results. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate applicability of the ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy technique, using surgical clamps attached to the suture thread, to milking cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult cows were placed under anesthesia with isoflurane and placed in dorsal decubitus. Animals were kept with no water for 24 h and no food for 48 h. Four laparoscopic accesses were performed. The first one was created with the intention of inspecting the abdominal cavity and the remaining three for access of surgical instruments. Serous membrane of the abomasum was cauterized, combined with suture threads and placed at the greater abomasal curvature. The free part of suture threads was kept out of the abdominal cavity and after traction of the abomasum against the abdominal wall was tied to the skin. Ultrasound exam was performed for abdominal evaluation after abomasopexy. Anesthesia time and surgery time were recorded and analyzes through average and standard deviation (SD). The average anesthesia time recorded was 94 min (SD 14.63 min) and average surgery time was 51 min (SD 14.71 min). The fasting period was considered adequate, however all animals had to undergo intubation with orogastric tube to drain liquids and gas during the procedure. Four of the six animals had lineal adhesion. Three of the four animals that had adhesion did not keep the abomasum at the retroperitoneal area, however viscera movement was stopped in the abdominal cavity.Discussion: Abomasopexy through laparoscopy is a safe technique, especially when compared with other invasive methods of abomasopexy. However, to perform this type of surgery availability of adequate equipment and a well trained surgical team are required. This study was performed at a surgery room under full anesthesia. In a field situation, the veterinarian can have some difficulties but such adversities must not be considered and impediment for performance of surgery on the field as its performance is possible. Even though surgical clamps were small, they were considered adequate for what was suggested. The applied 0 degree laparoscopic optic presented restrictions for cavity inspection, therefore we believe that an optical lenses with 30 degree angle could facilitate this laparoscopy inspection. To induce greater and more lasting adherence we suggest cauterizing a greater area of the serous membrane of the abomasum. We also suggest not performing this procedure during lactation peak, when fasting and surgery can cause economic losses. Complications associated with this technique could not be avoided. The technique has shown favorable results, but its clinical applicability depends on application on animals subjected to the conditions of a milk production cycle

Growth and characterization of potassium cobalt nickel sulfate hexahydrate crystals : a new UV light filter.

Samples of the empirical formula K? 2 Ni2? x Co2? ?1 x? ?SO4? 2,6H2O were grown with a partial occupation of the cations Co and Ni. Mixed crystals with good optical quality were obtained by the slow evaporation growth method. In the decomposition process, these crystals suffer a mass loss of approximately 24%, equivalent to water molecules forming octahedral coordination ions of Ni and Co. The optical characteristics of the grown crystals were measured where transmittance reached more than 80% in the wavelength range of 190e390 nm. By Raman spectroscopy, the vibrational modes of SO2 4 , H2O and of the octahedral Ni(H2O)6 and Co(H2O)6 were identified

Manejo conservador e técnicas cirúrgicas para reparação de lesões do manguito rotador: uma revisão integrativa / Conservative management and surgical techniques for repair of rotator cuff tears: an integrative review

INTRODUÇÃO: Por ser um conjunto músculo-tendíneo de intenso atrito e impacto, o manguito rotador é comumente lesionado, de maneira que a movimentação do ombro causa algia, prejudicando a força no ato do movimento. As lesões do manguito rotador são uma das razões mais comuns para dor no ombro. Entretanto, há diversos tipos de tratamentos que visam diminuir a intensidade dos sintomas. Uma série de técnicas cirúrgicas e não cirúrgicas são abordadas principalmente quando não há efetividade no tratamento clínico, a depender da causa da lesão. OBJETIVOS: Elencar e explanar acerca das condutas conservadoras e técnicas cirúrgicas mais estabelecidas na literatura para lesões do manguito rotador. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada por meio de uma pesquisa com os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS/MeSH) “Management”, “Rotator Cuff”, “Surgery” e “Treatment”, associados por meio do operador booleano “AND”, nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO. Foram incluídos trabalhos publicados entre 2020 e 2021 que apresentavam a conduta terapêutica para lesões do manguito rotador. Foram excluídas revisões, cartas, teses, dissertações e estudos que não atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Dentre os 53 estudos encontrados, 26 foram considerados elegíveis. RESULTADOS: As técnicas cirúrgicas apresentadas nos estudos foram: liberação capsular artroscópica; reconstrução capsular superior artroscópica; âncora artroscópica ou fixação por parafuso; e fixação com fio K. Em contrapartida, as intervenções não cirúrgicas são classificadas como tratamentos ortorregenerativos, sendo pautados em infiltrações locais de plasma rico em plaquetas e pobre em leucócitos (PRP-PL), células estromais mesenquimais (MSCs),  fatores de crescimento e/ou com fármacos corticoesteroides. O emprego de tais técnicas varia de acordo com o tipo de lesão do manguito rotador e o grau de perda da função articular. Em vista disso, a tomada de decisão acerca da conduta é tracejada nas particularidades de cada caso. CONCLUSÕES: Revelou-se preferência por intervenções menos invasivas, com destaque para as técnicas cirúrgicas artroscópicas, como a reconstrução e a liberação capsular. Embora a artroscopia exija maior nível tecnológico dos equipamentos, minimiza os danos ao paciente, tornando essa abordagem ideal para que os pacientes tenham uma recuperação mais rápida, de forma que seja possível retornar de maneira mais precoce para suas atividades cotidianas. Além disso, em casos de degeneração cartilaginosa completa refratária, o implante de endopróteses ou artroplastia contribuem para a melhora do paciente. Contudo, observa-se que é uma técnica invasiva e não apresenta melhora total da dor e dos movimentos. Dessa maneira, evidencia-se a necessidade da discussão acerca da associação de técnicas cirúrgicas e técnicas conservadoras para lesões do manguito rotador, sendo que a conduta terapêutica deve ser individualizada, preconizando o menor tempo de recuperação possível

Microbial community structure and dynamics in thermophilic composting viewed through metagenomics and metatranscriptomics

Composting is a promising source of new organisms and thermostable enzymes that may be helpful in environmental management and industrial processes. Here we present results of metagenomicand metatranscriptomic-based analyses of a large composting operation in the Sao Paulo Zoo Park. This composting exhibits a sustained thermophilic profile (50 degrees C to 75 degrees C), which seems to preclude fungal activity. The main novelty of our study is the combination of time-series sampling with shotgun DNA, 16S rRNA gene amplicon, and metatranscriptome high-throughput sequencing, enabling an unprecedented detailed view of microbial community structure, dynamics, and function in this ecosystem. The time-series data showed that the turning procedure has a strong impact on the compost microbiota, restoring to a certain extent the population profile seen at the beginning of the processand that lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction occurs synergistically and sequentially, with hemicellulose being degraded preferentially to cellulose and lignin. Moreover, our sequencing data allowed near-complete genome reconstruction of five bacterial species previously found in biomass-degrading environments and of a novel biodegrading bacterial species, likely a new genus in the order Bacillales. The data and analyses provided are a rich source for additional investigations of thermophilic composting microbiology.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Provost's Office for Research of the University of Sao PauloCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Programa Pos Graduacao Interunidades Bioinformat, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Escola Artes Ciencias & Humanidades, Sao Paulo, Brazil|Fundacao Parque Zool Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, Sao Paulo, BrazilBiocomplex Inst Virginia, Blacksburg, VA USADepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/50870-6Web of Scienc

Challenges in the diagnosis and management of acromegaly : a focus on comorbidities

Q2Q1Introduction: Acromegaly is a rare, insidious disease resulting from the overproduction of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and is associated with a range of comorbidities. The extent of associated complications and mortality risk is related to length of exposure to the excess GH and IGF-1, thus early diagnosis and treatment is imperative. Unfortunately, acromegaly is often diagnosed late, when patients already have a wide range of comorbidities. The presence of comorbid conditions contributes significantly to patient morbidity/mortality and impaired quality of life. Methods: We conducted a retrospective literature review for information relating to the diagnosis of acromegaly, and its associated comorbidities using PubMed. The main aim of this review is to highlight the issues of comorbidities in acromegaly, and to reinforce the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Findings and conclusions: Successful management of acromegaly goes beyond treating the disease itself, since many patients are diagnosed late in disease evolution, they present with a range of comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea. It is important that patients are screened carefully at diagnosis (and thereafter), for common associated complications, and that biochemical control does not become the only treatment goal. Mortality and morbidities in acromegaly can be reduced successfully if patients are treated using a multimodal approach with comprehensive comorbidity management.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-5435N/

Concepts of indirect calorimetry on metabolic disorders: a narrative review

Introdução: A calorimetria indireta continua sendo um padrão ouro na avaliação do gasto energético de repouso no campo clínico. Por meio de suas medições, é possível oferecer as necessidades energéticas de um paciente para maximizar os benefícios da terapia nutricional. No entanto, os conceitos e as bases metodológicas dos dados coletados podem ser dificultosos para serem interpretados pelos usuários na prática clínica. Objetivo: abordar os conceitos de gasto energético diário total e seus componentes, e, apresentar os aspectos metodológicos da calorimetria indireta que podem servir como guia no campo clínico. Método: Revisão bibliográfica narrativa, realizada pelas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). A pesquisa foi realizada no período entre 1905-2019, utilizando os seguintes identificadores em Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: Metabolismo Basal, Metabolismo Energético e Calorimetria Indireta. Foram selecionadas 55 pesquisas publicadas que apresentaram conteúdos relacionados aos objetivos deste estudo. Resultado: O gasto energético total diário (GETD) é composto por três componentes principais, tais como: atividade física (AF), efeito térmico dos alimentos (TEF) e taxa metabólica basal (TMB) e / ou gasto energético de repouso (GER). O GER é geralmente avaliado por calorimetria indireta, que também fornece informações sobre o coeficiente respiratório (CR) e oxidação de substratos, que pode variar de acordo com o metabolismo do paciente, como algum distúrbio metabólico, obesidade ou desnutrição. Portanto, o manejo adequado dos aspectos metodológicos da calorimetria indireta e sua posterior interpretação nos distúrbios metabólicos é fundamental para garantir a qualidade dos resultados. Conclusão: Os conceitos de gasto energético e as bases metodológicas da calorimetria indireta são relevantes para fornecer uma atenção individualizada aos pacientes com distúrbios metabólicos. As descrições desta revisão podem ser utilizadas como um guia prático, auxiliando a compreensão da aplicação correta da técnica de calorimetria indireta, em estudos relacionados ao gasto energético com ênfase nos distúrbios metabólicos.Introduction: Indirect calorimetry remains a gold standard in measuring resting energy expenditure in the clinical field. Through its measurements, it is possible to offers a patient’s energy needs to maximize nutritional therapy benefits. However, the concepts and methodological basis of collected data can be difficult to be interpreted by users in clinical practice. Objective: To address the concepts of total daily energy expenditure and its components and present the methodological aspects of indirect calorimetry that can guide the clinical field. Method: Narrative bibliographic review using the electronic Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) databases. The research was carried out in the period between 1905-2019, using the following identifiers in Health Sciences Descriptors: Basal Metabolism, Energy Metabolism and Indirect Calorimetry. We selected 55 researches published that presented contents related to the objectives of this study. Result: The total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is comprised of three main components, such as physical activity (PA), thermic effect of food (TEF) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) and/or resting energy expenditure (REE). The REE is generally evaluated by indirect calorimetry, which also provides information on the respiratory coefficient (RQ) or oxidation of substrates. Its result varies depending on the existence of some metabolic disorders such as obesity or malnutrition. Therefore, the proper management of the methodological aspects of indirect calorimetry and its subsequent interpretation in metabolic disorders is essential to guarantee the results’ quality. Conclusion: Energy expenditure concepts and the methodological basis of indirect calorimetry are relevant to providing individualized attention to patients with metabolic disorders. This review can be used as a practical guide, helping to understand the correct application of the indirect calorimetry technique in studies related to energy expenditure with an emphasis on metabolic disorders

Metagenomic analysis of a tropical composting operation at the São Paulo Zoo Park reveals diversity of biomass degradation functions and organisms.

Composting operations are a rich source for prospection of biomass degradation enzymes. We have analyzed the microbiomes of two composting samples collected in a facility inside the Sao Paulo Zoo Park, in Brazil. All organic waste produced in the park is processed in this facility, at a rate of four tons/day. Total DNA was extracted and sequenced with Roche/454 technology, generating about 3 million reads per sample. To our knowledge this work is the first report of a composting whole-microbial community using high-throughput sequencing and analysis. The phylogenetic profiles of the two microbiomes analyzed are quite different, with a clear dominance of members of the Lactobacillus genus in one of them. We found a general agreement of the distribution of functional categories in the Zoo compost metagenomes compared with seven selected public metagenomes of biomass deconstruction environments, indicating the potential for different bacterial communities to provide alternative mechanisms for the same functional purposes. Our results indicate that biomass degradation in this composting process, including deconstruction of recalcitrant lignocellulose, is fully performed by bacterial enzymes, most likely by members of the Clostridiales and Actinomycetales orders.FAPESP 2009/52030-5RCNPqCAPE

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio