Scanning electron microscopy of eggs of Georgecraigius fluviatilis (Lutz)

www.mapress.com/zootaxa

Serviço de dispensação de medicamentos na atenção básica no SUS

Objetivo: caracterizar os serviços de dispensação de medicamentos na rede de atenção básica no Brasil e nas diferentes regiões, com vistas ao acesso e a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos. Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, a partir de dados obtidos da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Uso Racional de Medicamentos, 2015. Foram realizadas visitas de observação em 1.175 unidades de dispensação e entrevistas com 1.139 responsáveis pela dispensação dos medicamentos nas unidades dispensadoras e 495 coordenadores da assistência farmacêutica municipal. Resultados: mais da metade (53%) das unidades apresentaram espaço menor que 10 m2 para dispensação de medicamentos, 23,8% apresentavam grades ou barreiras entre usuários e dispensador, 41,7% dispunham de sistema informatizado, 23,7% contavam com guichês para atendimento individual. Entre os responsáveis pela dispensação 87,4% afirmaram informar sobre a forma de uso dos medicamentos sempre ou repetidamente, e 18,1% afirmaram desenvolver algum tipo de atividade clínica. As farmácias isoladas apresentavam estrutura física e pessoal mais desenvolvida que aquelas pertencentes a unidades de saúde, mas não houve diferenças significantes quanto às informações prestadas e o desenvolvimento de atividades clínicas. Conclusões: há grandes diferenças de modelos de organização da dispensação entre os municípios, com diferenças regionais quanto à estrutura física e a profissionais envolvidos. A centralização da dispensação de medicamentos em farmácias isoladas dos serviços de saúde está associada a melhores condições estruturais e de profissionais, assim como nas unidades dispensadoras das regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, no entanto o desenvolvimento da dispensação como serviço de saúde ainda não prevalece em qualquer tipo de farmácia ou região do país.Objetive: to characterize the medicine dispensing services in the primary health care network in Brazil and in its different regions, aiming to promote the access and rational use of medicines. Methods: this is a cross-sectional, quantitative study with data obtained from the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), 2015. Observation visits were carried out in 1,175 dispensing units, and interviews were held with 1,139 professionals responsible for the dispensation of medicines in the dispensing units and 495 municipal coordinators of pharmaceutical services. Results: more than half (53%) of the units presented a space smaller than 10 m2 for dispensing of medicines; 23.8% had bars or barriers between users and dispenser; 41.7% had computerized system; and 23.7% had counters for individual care. Among those responsible for dispensation, 87.4% said they always or repeatedly inform users how to use the medicines, and 18.1% reported developing some type of clinical activity. Isolated pharmacies presented a more developed physical and personal structure than those belonging to health units, but we found no significant differences regarding the information provided and the development of clinical activities. Conclusions: there are major differences in the organization models of dispensation between cities, with regional differences regarding the physical structure and professionals involved. The centralization of medicine dispensing in pharmacies separated from the health services is associated with better structural and professional conditions, as in the dispensing units of the South, Southeast, and Midwest regions. However, the development of dispensation as health service does not prevail in any pharmacy or region of the Country yet

Métodos de Diagnóstico da Depressão em Idosos: Desafios e Abordagens Psiquiátricas

Depression in the elderly is a prevalent and complex condition that significantly impacts the quality of life in this population. Diagnosing this condition presents unique challenges due to clinical complexity and the presence of comorbidities that can mask or exacerbate depressive symptoms. Factors such as the stigma associated with mental health, variability in symptom presentation, and common cognitive limitations in this age group further complicate the diagnostic process. This article aims to evaluate the different methods of diagnosing depression in the elderly and their implications in psychiatric clinical practice. The specific objectives include reviewing the existing literature on diagnostic methods for depression in the elderly, analyzing the impact of physical and cognitive comorbidities on diagnosis, investigating the influence of social and environmental factors, developing practical guidelines for the application of diagnostic methods in clinical practice, and exploring the relationship between early diagnosis of depression and therapeutic outcomes in the elderly. The methodology used was a descriptive and qualitative bibliographic review, analyzing studies published between 2004 and 2024 in Portuguese and English. The databases consulted were PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The analysis focused on the diagnostic methods used, their efficacy, the influence of comorbidities, and the impacts of social and environmental factors. The results indicate that depression in the elderly is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, as its symptoms can be confused with the natural aging process or other comorbidities. Improving diagnostic methods can significantly reduce the negative impact of depression on the quality of life in the elderly, providing more effective interventions and holistic care. A multidisciplinary approach involving doctors, psychologists, social workers, and other health professionals is vital to ensure comprehensive assessment and appropriate treatment. Continued research in this area is essential to enhance diagnostic and treatment strategies, promote better care practices, and improve mental health outcomes for the elderly population.A depressão em idosos é uma condição prevalente e complexa que afeta significativamente a qualidade de vida dessa população. O diagnóstico dessa condição apresenta desafios únicos devido à complexidade clínica e à presença de comorbidades que podem mascarar ou exacerbar os sintomas depressivos. Fatores como o estigma associado à saúde mental, a variabilidade na apresentação dos sintomas e as limitações cognitivas comuns nessa faixa etária complicam ainda mais o processo diagnóstico. Este artigo tem como objetivo geral avaliar os diferentes métodos de diagnóstico da depressão em idosos e suas implicações na prática clínica psiquiátrica. Os objetivos específicos incluem revisar a literatura existente sobre métodos de diagnóstico da depressão em idosos, analisar o impacto de comorbidades físicas e cognitivas no diagnóstico, investigar a influência de fatores sociais e ambientais, desenvolver diretrizes práticas para a aplicação de métodos de diagnóstico na prática clínica e explorar a relação entre o diagnóstico precoce da depressão e os resultados terapêuticos em idosos. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva e qualitativa, analisando estudos publicados entre 2004 e 2024, em português e inglês. As bases de dados consultadas foram PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar. A análise focou nos métodos de diagnóstico utilizados, sua eficácia, a influência das comorbidades e os impactos dos fatores sociais e ambientais. Os resultados indicam que a depressão em idosos é frequentemente subdiagnosticada e subtratada, pois seus sintomas podem ser confundidos com o processo natural de envelhecimento ou com outras comorbidades. Melhorar os métodos de diagnóstico pode reduzir significativamente o impacto negativo da depressão na qualidade de vida dos idosos, proporcionando intervenções mais eficazes e um cuidado mais holístico. A abordagem multidisciplinar envolvendo médicos, psicólogos, assistentes sociais e outros profissionais de saúde é vital para garantir uma avaliação abrangente e tratamento adequado. A continuidade das pesquisas nesta área é essencial para aprimorar as estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento, promovendo melhores práticas de cuidado e melhorando os resultados de saúde mental para a população idosa

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Prevalência de traumatismos alvéolo-dentários na clínica de urgência odontopediátrica de FO.UFRGS

The aim of this study was assess different types of dento-alveolar traumatisms in children who were attended in an Universitary Extension Course of Urgency in Pediatric Dentistry in FO. UFRGS, from April 1999 to December 2000, as well as clinical procedures done. The sample comprised 129 children, 80 boys (62,01 %) and 49 girls (37,99%), between O to 14 years of age. The age group most prevalent was of 2-4 years of age for trauma to primary teeth, while to permanent teeth was of 8-10 years of age . Supporting tissue injuries were most prevalent in primary dentition (79,64%), mainly intrusion (35,55%) and lateral luxation (27, 77%). On the other hand, hard tissue injuries (59,25%) were most prevalent to permanent teeth with 70,83% of crown fractures without pulp exposure followed by 22,91% of crown fractures with pulp exposure. Regarding to clinica! management, orientations procedures were the most prevalent conduct: 72,56% for primary teeth and 27,61 % for permanent teeth. Restoration (25,92%) were the second clinical procedure most prevalent for permanent teeth and extraction (13,27%) for primary traumatized teeth.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de traumatismos alvéolo-dentários em crianças que procuraram atendimento no Curso de Extensão Universitária de Urgência em Odontopediatria da FO-UFRGS no período de abril de 1999 a dezembro de 2000. A amostra consistiu de 129 crianças, sendo 80 (62,01%) do sexo masculino e 49 (37,99%) do sexo feminino, com idade de 0 a 14 anos. A faixa etária mais acometida por traumatismo em dentes decíduos foi a de 2-4 anos, enquanto que, em permanentes, foi a de 8-10 anos. Os traumatismos dos tecidos de sustentação foram os mais prevalentes na dentição decídua (79,64%), predominando a intrusão (35,55%) e a luxação lateral (27,77%). Já com relação aos dentes permanentes, a prevalência maior foi de injúrias traumáticas aos tecidos duros (59,25%), sendo de maior ocorrência a fratura coronária sem exposição pulpar (70,83%), seguida da fratura coronária com exposição pulpar (22,91%). Em relação aos procedimentos clínicos adotados para o atendimento emergencial, a conduta mais prevalente foi a orientação, tanto para dentes decíduos (72,56%), quanto para permanentes (27,16%). A restauração (25,92%) foi o segundo procedimento clínico mais prevalente para dentes permanentes e a exodontia (13,27%) para os dentes decíduos traumatizados

Morphometric analysis of Chagasia fajardi (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in Brazil

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad morfológica en cuatro poblaciones de Chagasia fajardi utilizando morfometría clásica. Se midieron siete variables del cuerpo de los especímenes de cuatro regiones biogeográficas brasileñas, incluyendo tres poblaciones provenientes de los biomas “Mata” Atlántica y una población del Cerrado. Usando el análisis de varianza (ANOVA), el carácter diagnóstico banda negra del tarsómero posterior tres (TA-III3) mostró un gran potencial para determinar las diferencias entre poblaciones, las cuales fueron todas distintas unas de las otras. Esto se siguió por la banda blanca del tarso cinco posterior (Ta-III5) y la longitud del ala (WI), que mostraron la presencia de dos poblaciones similares entre sí pero diferentes de las otras poblaciones, siendo estas últimas también diferentes entre sí. Sin embargo, el análisis multivariado y dendrograma UPGMA mostraron la gran proximidad entre las poblaciones 2 y 4, y entre las poblaciones 1 y 3. Se discuten las variables morfológicas de poblaciones pertenecientes a Ch. fajardi de diferentes regiones brasileñas.The objective of the present study was to evaluate morphological variability in four populations of Chagasia fajardi using classic morphometry. Seven variables of the body were measured in specimens of Ch. fajardi from four biogeographical regions of Brazil, including three populations from the Atlantic Forest biome and one population from the Cerrado biome, were measured. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the diagnostic characteristic of the black band on the hindtarsus (Ta-III3) presented strong potential for demonstrating dissimilarity between populations, which were all different from each other. This was followed by the white band on the hindtarsus (Ta-III5) and the wing length (Wl), which showed the presence of two populations similar between themselves, but different from the others. However, multivariate analysis and UPGMA dendograms showed close proximity between populations 2 and 4 and between populations 1 and 3. Morphological variables of Ch. fajardi populations from different regions of Brazil are discussed.Fil: Dos Santos Silva, Júlia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Carbajal de la Fuente, Ana Laura. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; ArgentinaFil: Serra Freire, Nicolau Maués. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Érico Guimarães, Anthony. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Soares Sarmento, Juliana. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Alencar, Jeronimo. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Brasi

Análisis morfométrico de poblaciones de Chagasia fajardi (Diptera: Culicidae) del Brasil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-05-30T13:28:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jeronimo_alencar_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 4245107 bytes, checksum: acff0713b8234f48785e631f1ef99a73 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-05-30T13:43:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jeronimo_alencar_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 4245107 bytes, checksum: acff0713b8234f48785e631f1ef99a73 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T13:43:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jeronimo_alencar_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 4245107 bytes, checksum: acff0713b8234f48785e631f1ef99a73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional. Departamento de Entomologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Transmissores de Leishmaniose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / University of Buenos Aires. Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences. Departament Ecology, Genetic and Evolution. Eco-Epidemiology Laboratory.. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Referência Nacional de Vetores de Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Díptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Díptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad morfológica en cuatro poblaciones de Chagasia fajardi utilizando morfometría clásica. Se midieron siete variables del cuerpo de los especímenes de cuatro regiones biogeográficas brasileñas, incluyendo tres poblaciones provenientes de los biomas “Mata” Atlántica y una población del Cerrado. Usando el análisis de varianza (ANOVA), el carácter diagnóstico banda negra del tarsómero posterior tres (TA-III3) mostró un gran potencial para determinar las diferencias entre poblaciones, las cuales fueron todas distintas unas de las otras. Esto se siguió por la banda blanca del tarso cinco posterior (Ta-III5) y la longitud del ala (WI), que mostraron la presencia de dos poblaciones similares entre sí pero diferentes de las otras poblaciones, siendo estas últimas también diferentes entre sí. Sin embargo, el análisis multivariado y dendrograma UPGMA mostraron la gran proximidad entre las poblaciones 2 y 4, y entre las poblaciones 1 y 3. Se discuten las variables morfológicas de poblaciones pertenecientes a Ch. fajardi de diferentes regiones brasileñas.The objective of the present study was to evaluate morphological variability in four populations of Chagasia fajardi using classic morphometry. Seven variables of the body were measured in specimens of Ch. fajardi from four biogeographical regions of Brazil, including three populations from the Atlantic Forest biome and one population from the Cerrado biome, were measured. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the diagnostic characteristic of the black band on the hindtarsus (Ta-III3) presented strong potential for demonstrating dissimilarity between populations, which were all different from each other. This was followed by the white band on the hindtarsus (Ta-III5) and the wing length (Wl), which showed the presence of two populations similar between themselves, but different from the others. However, multivariate analysis and UPGMA dendograms showed close proximity between populations 2 and 4 and between populations 1 and 3. Morphological variables of Ch. fajardi populations from different regions of Brazil are discusse