Estudio sobre la variación en el perfil de uso de benzodiazepinas del Centro de Salud-Cieza-Oeste en relación con el confinamiento de la pandemia por virus SARS-COV2

Con este estudio se pretende poner en conocimiento de los médicos del Centro de Salud, cuál es la realidad en nuestro medio sobre la variación en el uso de BZD antes y después de la pandemia COVID-19, teniendo en cuenta la variación en la prescripción de BZD entre dos periodos de tiempo, antes y después del confinamiento COVID-19, esperando encontrar un cambio en el número de prescripciones de BZD

Producció elèctrica mitjantçant piles microbianes aplicades a aiguamolls construits: influència de la posició del càtode

L’objectiu principal del present treball és avaluar la influència que tenen la càrrega orgànica i la posició del càtode en la producció elèctrica en les piles microbianes de sediment (sMFC). Els resultats de producció elèctrica s’han comparat amb els de la bibliografia existent, en termes de densitat de potència i energia. Els sistemes estudiats, van ser analitzats d’ altra banda, per la seva eficiència en l'eliminació de contaminants en termes de DQOsoluble, DQOtotal, amoni i anions (nitrits, nitrats, sulfats i ortofosfats

Plantas parásitas del centro de Argentina

Plantas parásitas del centro de Argentina. Este trabajo consiste en la identificación de las especies de plantas parásitas del centro de la Argentina. Se incluye una clave diferencial para las mismas e ilustraciones. Se han identificado 8 especies parásitas distribuidas en 5 familias y 8 géneros, las que representan aproximadamente el 0.6 % de la flora vascular de esta región. Cuatro especies parasitan a plantas leñosas y las restantes parasitan hierbas. La mayor cantidad de especies huéspedes se encuentran en la familia Leguminosae

Environmental information coverage in Spanish media between 2018 and 2021

El cambio climático y el medio ambiente son cuestiones que deben implicar a todos los agentes sociales con capacidad de acción por su vital importancia para la subsistencia humana. Los medios de comunicación son uno de ellos, pero se muestran dubitativos y poco centrados en el asunto. Delimitando la muestra de estudio al periodo 2018-2021, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar la frecuencia y el espacio o tiempo que dedican los medios de comunicación audiovisuales, televisión y radio, así como la cobertura que realizan de los temas ambientales. La metodología utilizada es una combinación de análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo de las piezas periodísticas que se difunden en estos medios de comunicación, centrándose en el estudio de: dos informativos de radio, Radio Nacional España y Cadena Ser, y dos informativos de televisión, Televisión Española y Telecinco. Se comprueba que en este cuatrienio, desde la adhesión de una buena cantidad de medios españoles al “Decálogo de recomendaciones para informar sobre el cambio climático”, se ha dado un aumento paulatino de la información publicada sobre medioambiente, pero que esta sigue excesivamente basada en grandes acontecimientos y catástrofes ambientales y a menudo, descontextualizada y con poco uso de fuentes.Climate change and the environment are issues that should involve all social agents with the capacity to act because of their vital importance for human subsistence. The media are one of them, but they are hesitant and unfocused on the issue. Delimiting the study sample to the period 2018-2021, the objective of this article is to identify the frequency and space or time devoted by the audiovisual media, television and radio, as well as the coverage they make of environmental issues. The methodology used will be a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the journalistic pieces broadcast in these media, focusing on the study of: two radio news programs, Radio Nacional España and Cadena Ser and two television news programs, Televisión Española and Telecinco. The intention of this research is to obtain a diagnosis of the environmental journalistic coverage for raising public awareness of the risk of environmental impact in this four-year period. It can be seen that in this four-year period, since the adhesion of a good number of Spanish media to the “Decalogue of recommendations for reporting on climate change”, there has been a gradual increase in the information published on the environment, but that this is still excessively based on major events and environmental catastrophes and often decontextualized and with little use of sources

Influence of cutting parameters on tool wear and hole quality in composite aerospace components drilling

Composite Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) are characterized by their outstanding mechanical properties combined with reduced density and good resistance to corrosion and fatigue which make them suitable for aerospace components. During assembly procedures, one shoot drilling operations, usually including countersinking cycle, are required to minimize positional errors, enhance tight tolerances and reduce process time. Countersink drill bits were tested on CFRP test specimens, representative of aircraft components. Along testing, tool wear was monitored with an optical microscope to track its evolution and determine the dominant wear mechanism. On the other hand, hole quality was evaluated since tool life criterion is based on the assessment of machined surface quality. The influence of cutting speed and feed was analyzed with the objective of looking for extended tool life and more productive cutting parameters. The information gathered from monitoring tool wear and inspecting hole quality can be used for the enhancement of CFRP drilling and the improvement of the manufacturing process competitiveness, in terms of production cost and time.The authors acknowledge the financial support to AIRBUS DEFENCE AND SPACE through the project DRILLING PROCESSES IMPROVEMENT FOR MULTI MATERIAL CFRP-AL-TI STACKS and to the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through the grant with reference PTA2015-10741-I

Hybrid Composite-Metal Stack Drilling with Different Minimum Quantity Lubrication Levels

Hybrid stack drilling is a very common operation used in the assembly of high-added-value components, which combines the use of composite materials and metallic alloys. This process entails the complexity of machining very dissimilar materials, simultaneously, on account of the interactions that are produced between them, during machining. This study analyzed the influence of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) on the performance of diamond-coated carbide tools when drilling Ti/carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/Ti stacks. The main wear mechanism observed was diamond-coating detachment, followed by fragile breaks in the main cutting-edge. The tests done with the lower lubrication levels have shown an important adhesion of titanium (mainly on the secondary cutting-edge) and a higher friction between the tool and the workpiece, producing higher temperatures on the cutting region and a thermal softening effect on the workpiece. These phenomena affect the evolution of cutting power consumption with tool wear in the titanium layer. Regarding the quality of the test specimen, no significant differences were observed between the lubrication levels tested.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Airbus Defense and Space, through the project Drilling Processes Improvement for Multi Material CFRP-Al-Ti Stacks, and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through the grant PTA2015-10741-I and the project DPI2017-89197-C2-1-

Tool wear and induced damage in CFRP drilling with step and double point angle drill bits

Drilling operations on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) have become crucial for the manufacturing process of multiple components on the aerospace industry. The main objective of this research is to develop a comparative analysis between a step geometry drill bit, currently used in the aerospace industry for drilling processes in CFRP with a hole diameter of 9.54 mm, and the double point angle geometry. The tool material is tungsten carbide with a diamond coating. The performance of each cutting geometry is assessed based on the type of tool wear, the evolution of the thrust force and cutting torque and the onset of machining induced damage on the test specimens. Although the main wear mechanism suffered by both tools was very similar, it was observed a remarkable influence of the cutting geometry on the tool wear evolution and the associated thrust force. This different performance also affected the onset of the machining induced damage.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Airbus Defense and Space through the project Drilling Processes Improvement for Multi Material CFRP-Al-Ti Stacks, and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through a grant with reference PTA2015-10741-I and project DPI2017-89197-C2-1-R

Adherencia al tratamiento con fármacos moduladores de la enfermedad sintéticos en la artritis reumatoide. Resultados del estudio OBSERVAR

[Abstract] Background: Treatment compliance with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) is essential to achieve the therapeutic goals in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, despite the need for good compliance, there is evidence that patients with RA frequently fail to use DMARD for the control of RA. Thus, the main objective of the OBSERVAR study is to evaluate the reasons for the lack of therapeutic adherence to synthetic DMARD in these patients. Patients and methods: A Delphi process involving 18 randomly selected Spanish rheumatologists determined the level of agreement with 66 causes of noncompliance selected from the literature in relation to synthetic DMARD in RA. Results: The reasons for noncompliance were consistent in 75.7%, although 3 reasons (4.5%) were highly consistent: 1) not knowing what to do in the case of an adverse event with DMARD; 2) not having undergone adherence screening by health personnel for early detection of "noncompliant patients"; and 3) not having undergone interventions or strategies that improve adherence. Conclusion: In order to improve adherence to RA treatment with synthetic DMARD, the patient should be adequately informed of each new treatment introduced, the patient's compliance profile should be incorporated into the clinical routine and the patient's motivation for therapeutic compliance be reinforced through the methods available to us.[Resumen] Introducción. La cumplimentación del tratamiento modificador de la enfermedad es esencial para alcanzar los objetivos terapéuticos en la artritis reumatoide (AR). Sin embargo, y a pesar de la necesidad de una buena adherencia, existe evidencia de que muchos pacientes con AR no cumplen adecuadamente con la prescripción del tratamiento indicado con fármacos moduladores de la enfermedad de acción lenta (FAME) sintéticos o convencionales. Conscientes de la importancia de este hecho, el estudio sobre observancia terapéutica en AR (estudio OBSERVAR) tiene como objetivo principal valorar los motivos de la falta de adherencia terapéutica a los FAME sintéticos en estos pacientes. Pacientes y métodos. Mediante un proceso Delphi entre 18 reumatólogos españoles seleccionados aleatoriamente se determinó el grado de acuerdo con 66 causas de incumplimiento seleccionadas de la bibliografía, en relación con los FAME sintéticos en la AR. Resultados. Los motivos de incumplimiento fueron consistentes en el 75,7%, si bien 3 razones (4,5%) destacaron como muy consistentes: 1) desconocer qué hacer cuando se sufre un acontecimiento adverso con el FAME; 2) no llevar a cabo métodos de cribado de la adherencia por el personal sanitario para detectar a los «pacientes incumplidores» de forma temprana y 3) no aplicar intervenciones o estrategias que mejoren la adherencia terapéutica. Conclusión. Para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento de la AR con FAME sintéticos se debe informar al paciente de cada tratamiento nuevo introducido, incorporar el perfil de cumplimiento del paciente en la rutina clínica, y reforzar la motivación del paciente al cumplimiento terapéutico mediante los métodos a nuestro alcance

Semi-supervised incremental learning with few examples for discovering medical association rules

Background: Association Rules are one of the main ways to represent structural patterns underlying raw data. They represent dependencies between sets of observations contained in the data. The associations established by these rules are very useful in the medical domain, for example in the predictive health field. Classic algorithms for association rule mining give rise to huge amounts of possible rules that should be filtered in order to select those most likely to be true. Most of the proposed techniques for these tasks are unsupervised. However, the accuracy provided by unsupervised systems is limited. Conversely, resorting to annotated data for training supervised systems is expensive and time-consuming. The purpose of this research is to design a new semi-supervised algorithm that performs like supervised algorithms but uses an affordable amount of training data. Methods: In this work we propose a new semi-supervised data mining model that combines unsupervised techniques (Fisher's exact test) with limited supervision. Starting with a small seed of annotated data, the model improves results (F-measure) obtained, using a fully supervised system (standard supervised ML algorithms). The idea is based on utilising the agreement between the predictions of the supervised system and those of the unsupervised techniques in a series of iterative steps. Results: The new semi-supervised ML algorithm improves the results of supervised algorithms computed using the F-measure in the task of mining medical association rules, but training with an affordable amount of manually annotated data. Conclusions: Using a small amount of annotated data (which is easily achievable) leads to results similar to those of a supervised system. The proposal may be an important step for the practical development of techniques for mining association rules and generating new valuable scientific medical knowledge.This work has been partially supported by projects DOTT-HEALTH (PID2019-106942RB-C32, MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE). (Design of the study. Analysis and interpretation of data) and EXTRAE II (IMIENS 2019). (Design of the study. Analysis and interpretation of data. HUF corpus manual tagging. Writing of the manuscript), PI18CIII/00004 “Infobanco para uso secundario de datos basado en estándares de tecnología y conocimiento: implementación y evaluación de un infobanco de salud para CoRIS (Info-bank for the secondary use of data based on technology and knowledge standards: implementation and evaluation of a health info-bank for CoRIS) – SmartPITeS” (Data collection and HUF corpus construction), and PI18CIII/00019 - PI18/00890 - PI18/00981 “Arquitectura normalizada de datos clínicos para la generación de infobancos y su uso secundario en investigación: solución tecnológica (Clinical data normalized architecture for the genaration of info-banks and their secondary use in research: technological solution) – CAMAMA 4” (Data collection and HUF corpus construction) from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS) Plan Nacional de I+D+i.S