The impact of psychological stress on acne

Acne is one of the most common skin disorders. It is a multifactorial and complex disease, originating in the pilosebaceous follicle where a hereditary background, androgens, skin lipids, disorders of keratinization, inflammatory signaling, and regulatory neuropeptides seem to be mainly involved. Even though emotional stress has long been suspected to trigger or exacerbate acne, its influence on acne severity has been mostly underestimated until recently when studies have brought new data about the different mechanisms and possible factors involved in this interaction. A point to note is that there have been relatively few studies examining stress as a possible cause of acne or acne exacerbation; more studies have focused on stress and mental health problems occurring as a result of acne. In this review, we have tried to identify the underlying mechanisms that link stress to acne according to the latest scientific findings, and we summarize this perplexing connection. The basis for the association between emotional stress and the onset or exacerbation of acne is in several cutaneous neurogenic factors which interact with a pathogenic cascade in acne. This bidirectional intimate relationship of the skin and the mind emphasizes the importance of a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to caring for patients with acne that involves not only dermatologists but also psychologists and psychiatrists.  </p

Current therapeutic approach to hypertrophic scars

Abnormal scarring and its accompanying esthetic, functional, and psychological sequelae still pose significant challe nges. To date, there is no satisfactory prevention or treatment option for hypertrophic scars (HSs), which is mostly due to not completely comprehending the mechanisms underlying their formation. That is why the apprehension of regular and controlled physiological processes of scar formation is of utmost importance when facing hypertrophic scarring, its pathophysiology, prevention, and therapeutic approach. When treating HSs and choosing the best treatment and prevention modality, physicians can choose from a plethora of therapeutic options and many commercially available products, among which currently there is no efficient option that can successfully overcome impaired skin healing. This article reviews current therapeutic approach and emerging therapeutic strategies for the management of HSs, which should be individualized, based on an evaluation of the scar itself, patients' expectations, and practical, evidence-based guidelines. Clinicians are encouraged to combine various prevention and treatment modalities where combination therapy that includes steroid injections, 5-fluorouracil, and pulsed-dye laser seems to be the most effective. On the other hand, the current therapeutic options are usually empirical and their results are unreliable and unpredictable. Therefore, there is an unmet need for an effective, targeted therapy and prevention, which would be based on an action or a modulation of a particular factor with clarified mechanism of action that has a beneficial effect on wound healing. As the extracellular matrix has a crucial role in cellular and extracellular events that lead to pathological scarring, targeting its components mostly by regulating bone morphogenetic proteins may throw up new therapeutic approach for reduction or prevention of HSs with functionally and cosmetically acceptable outcome

Založno pravo

Rad ne sadrži sažetak

Založno pravo

Rad ne sadrži sažetak