Posteromedial elastic stable intra-medullary nailing (ESIN) in volarly displaced metaphyso-diaphyseal distal radius fractures in child

SummaryIntroductionThe distal metaphyso-diaphyseal fractures of the radius with volar angulation are generally considered unstable. Too distal to be treated with classic elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) via a laterodistal approach and too proximal to be stabilized with simple conservative treatment, they are sometimes treated by plating.Patients and methodsTo avoid the disadvantages of the open exposure necessary for this latter fixation and to prevent volar angulation while respecting the curvature of the radius, radial elastic nailing with posteromedial distal entry was used in 16 patients. These patients were reviewed with an average follow-up of 4.5months.ResultsSix patients presented a mean volar angulation of 7°, eight a mean posterior angulation of 5.5°, and two were aligned at 0°. On the AP view, seven patients presented a mean residual varus of 6.5°, four a mean residual valgus of 5°, and five were at 0°. The pronating curvature of the radius and the radioulnar index remained intact in all cases. One case of extensor digitorum tenosynovitis was observed and disappeared after wire removal.DiscussionFor the unstable fractures of the distal third of the radius, certain authors propose systematic classic ESIN, but the lateral point of entry inevitably entails a varus misalignment, which is no longer the case if the entry is medial.Level of evidenceLevel 4. Retrospective Study

Acute aquatic toxicity to zebrafish and bioaccumulation in marine mussels of antimony tin oxide nanoparticles

Antimony tin oxide (Sb2O5/SnO2) is effective in the absorption of infrared radiation for applications, such as skylights. As a nanoparticle (NP), it can be incorporated into films or sheets providing infrared radiation attenuation while allowing for a transparent final product. The acute toxicity exerted by commercial Sb2O5/SnO2 (ATO) NPs was studied in adults and embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our results suggest that these NPs do not induce an acute toxicity in zebrafish, either adults or embryos. However, some sub-lethal parameters were altered: heart rate and spontaneous movements. Finally, the possible bioaccumulation of these NPs in the aquacultured marine mussel Mytilus sp. was studied. A quantitative analysis was performed using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). The results indicated that, despite being scarce (2.31 × 106 ± 9.05 × 105 NPs/g), there is some accumulation of the ATO NPs in the mussel. In conclusion, commercial ATO NPs seem to be quite innocuous to aquatic organisms; however, the fact that some of the developmental parameters in zebrafish embryos are altered should be considered for further investigation. More in-depth analysis of these NPs transformations in the digestive tract of humans is needed to assess whether their accumulation in mussels presents an actual risk to humans.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia | Ref. 2020.04021.CEECIN

Precipitation in original Duralumin A-U4G versus modern 2017A alloy

Precipitation in Duralumin, a historic quaternary alloy of the type: Al–Cu–Mg–Si, was never fully studied nor observed by current electron microscopy techniques. This article presents the full characterization and comparison of two alloys: a Duralumin (A-U4G) from the 1950s collected on a vintage aircraft and its modern equivalent: a 2017A alloy. The as-received and peak-aging states were analysed with DSC, SAXS and TEM advanced techniques. It is shown that old Duralumin and modern 2017A present a similar nanoprecipitation in the as-received state and behave similarly upon artificial aging. As opposed to what has been reported in the past, three types of precipitates participating in hardening were found upon aging: θ’-Al2Cu, Q’(Q)-AlCuMgSi and Ω-Al2Cu

Platinum( ii ) complexes of mixed-valent radicals derived from cyclotricatechylene, a macrocyclic tris-dioxolene

Three complexes of cyclotricatechylene (H6ctc), [{PtL}3(μ3-ctc)], have been synthesised: (L = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene {dppb}, 1; L = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane {dppe}, 2; L = 4,4′-bis(tert-butyl)-2,2′-bipyridyl {tBu2bipy}, 3). The complexes show three low-potential, chemically reversible voltammetric oxidations separated by ca. 180 mV, corresponding to stepwise oxidation of the [ctc]6− catecholato rings to the semiquinonate level. The redox series [1]0/1+/2+/3+ and [3]0/1+/2+/3+ have been characterised by UV/vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry. The mono- and di-cations have class II mixed valent character, with reduced radical delocalisation compared to an analogous bis-dioxolene system. The SOMO composition of [1˙]+ and [3˙]+ has been delineated by cw EPR, ENDOR and HYSCORE spectroscopies, with the aid of two monometallic model compounds [PtL(DBsq˙)]+ (DBsqH = 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)-1,2-benzosemiquinone; L = dppe or tBu2bipy). DF and time-dependent DF calculations confirm these interpretations, and demonstrate changes to spin-delocalisation in the ctc macrocycle as it is sequentially oxidised

Place et modalités de la radiothérapie cérébrale dans le lymphome primitif du système nerveux central nouvellement diagnostiqué : étude rétrospective multicentrique/thèse présentée pour le diplôme d'État de docteur en médecine, diplôme d'É

Médecine (oncologie option onco-radiothérapie)Introduction: Les recommandations de prescription de la radiothérapie (RT) cérébrale dans le traitement du lymphome primitif du système nerveux central (LPSNC) nouvellement diagnostiqué ne sont pas consensuelles. Notre but était d'évaluer les pratiques professionnelles sur le territoire français. Méthodes: Nous avons analysé rétrospectivement les dossiers cliniques et techniques de 79 patients traités par RT cérébrale dans 19 centres pour un LPSNC nouvellement diagnostiqué. Résultats: Plus de la moitié des prescriptions ne respectaient pas les recommandations publiées, avec une importante hétérogénéité. Nos résultats soulignaient l'importance d'inclure les yeux dans le volume d'irradiation. Le volume d'irradiation focal était associé à une moindre survie globale en analyse univariée (p=0.005). Conclusion: Nous proposons une mise à jour des recommandations, dont la visibilité doit être améliorée pour harmoniser les prescriptions de RT dans cette indicationIntroduction: The place of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is controversial. However, it remains a treatment option. Recommendations for prescribing brain RT in this indication are not consensual. Our goal was an evaluation of professional practices on French territory. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and technical records of 79 patients treated with cerebral RT in 19 centers for newly diagnosed PCNSL. Results: More than half of the prescriptions did not comply with published recommendations, with significant heterogeneity. Our results emphasized the importance of including the eyes in the irradiation volume. Focal irradiation volume was associated with poorer overall survival in univariate analysis (p=0.005). Conclusion: We propose an update of the recommendations, whose visibility must be improved in order to harmonize RT prescriptions in this indicationThèses et écrits académique

Catalyse moléculaire de l’électroréduction du dioxyde de carbone en cellule à flux

Human activities are responsible for the carbon cycle disruption. This cycle notably balances the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere via photosynthesis and decomposition of living beings. Upon burning fossil fuels such as oil or coal, humans produce an astronomical amount of carbon dioxide (33 Gt in 2019) accumulating partially (approximately 25 %) in the atmosphere. This greenhouse gas is responsible for global warming. It is urgent to drastically decrease our carbon dioxide emissions. Numerous efforts are currently being made to valorize carbon dioxide. Thismolecule is stable and easy to handle. It is used in oil recovery processes, syngas production or as chemical solvent. Carbon dioxide can also be transformed with thermochemistry, biocatalysis, photochemistry or electrochemistry. Regarding these transformations, electrochemical catalysis is undoubtedly the closest technology that may reach industrial productivity while being viable economically. In this manuscript, we show that a simple, abundant and commercial molecule,Cobalt Phthalocyanine, is able to transform carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with industrial productivities. The comprehension and optimization of a flow cell, hosting the molecular catalyst, permit to multiply the reaction productivity by 17 and its stability by 30. Such performances upgrade is necessary to reach industrial production. A development plan of the flow cell is presented to upscale the lab 1 cm2 electrode to an industrially relevant 10 m2 surface.Carbon monoxide is used in several industries such as metallurgy, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Carbon dioxide electroreduction into carbon monoxide enables to decrease greenhouse gases emissions while producing an added value product. Using renewables energies, the industry carbon footprint could be reduced by 90 % while decreasing operational costs. It is an exceptional opportunity to contribute to the reduction of global carbon dioxide emissions. This work is one step closer from the conception of an anthropogenic carbon dioxide cycle.Les activités humaines sont responsables du dérèglement du cycle du carbone. Cecycle régule particulièrement le dioxyde de carbone dans l’atmosphère via la photosynthèse et la décomposition des êtres vivants. En brûlant des ressources fossiles comme le pétrole ou le charbon, les humains produisent une quantité astronomique de dioxyde de carbone (33 Gt en 2019) qui s’accumule pour partie (environ 25 %) dans l’atmosphère. Ce gaz à effet de serre est un des principaux responsables du réchauffement climatique. Il est urgent de diminuer drastiquement nos émissions de dioxyde de carbone. De nombreux efforts sont faits pour valoriser le dioxyde de carbone. Cette molécule est stable et facile d’utilisation. Elle s’avère utile dans des procédés de récupération d’hydrocarbures, de production de gaz de synthèse ou en tant que solvant chimique. Il est aussi possible de la transformer par thermochimie, biocatalyse, photochimie et électrochimie. Parmi toutes ces options, la catalyse électrochimique est sans doute la plus proche d’atteindre des vitesses de transformations et des coûts compatibles avec un développement technologique industriel. Dans ce manuscrit, nous montrons qu’une molécule simple, abondante et commerciale, la phtalocyanine de cobalt, est capable de transformer le dioxyde de carbone en monoxyde de carbone avec des productivités industrielles. La compréhension et l’optimisation d’une cellule à flux comprenant le catalyseur moléculaire apermis de multiplier la productivité de la réaction par 17 et sa stabilité par 30. Des courants partiels pour la production de CO supérieurs à 0.5 A:cm-2 ont été obtenus. Il est nécessaire d’augmenter l’échelle de production de cette réaction afin d’atteindre les impératifs industriels. Un plan de développement de la cellule à flux est présenté et il permettra d’augmenter la surface des électrodes, de 1 cm2 à 10 m2. Le monoxyde de carbone produit est un composé utilisé dans de nombreuses industries comme la métallurgie, l’industrie chimique et pharmaceutique. L’électroréduction du dioxyde de carbone en monoxyde de carbone permettra de diminuer lesémissions de gaz à effet de serre tout en fournissant un produit à valeur ajoutée. En utilisant de l’électricité renouvelable, il est désormais envisageable de réduire l’empreinte carbone de ces industries de 90 % tout en réduisant les coûts de production. C’est une opportunité exceptionnelle afin de contribuer à la baisse des émissions globales de dioxyde de carbone. Ce travail constitue une brique importante menant vers la mise au point d’un cycle du dioxyde de carbone d’origine anthropique

Investigation of ion separation by microporous nanofiltration membranes

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