106 research outputs found
Posteromedial elastic stable intra-medullary nailing (ESIN) in volarly displaced metaphyso-diaphyseal distal radius fractures in child
SummaryIntroductionThe distal metaphyso-diaphyseal fractures of the radius with volar angulation are generally considered unstable. Too distal to be treated with classic elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) via a laterodistal approach and too proximal to be stabilized with simple conservative treatment, they are sometimes treated by plating.Patients and methodsTo avoid the disadvantages of the open exposure necessary for this latter fixation and to prevent volar angulation while respecting the curvature of the radius, radial elastic nailing with posteromedial distal entry was used in 16 patients. These patients were reviewed with an average follow-up of 4.5months.ResultsSix patients presented a mean volar angulation of 7°, eight a mean posterior angulation of 5.5°, and two were aligned at 0°. On the AP view, seven patients presented a mean residual varus of 6.5°, four a mean residual valgus of 5°, and five were at 0°. The pronating curvature of the radius and the radioulnar index remained intact in all cases. One case of extensor digitorum tenosynovitis was observed and disappeared after wire removal.DiscussionFor the unstable fractures of the distal third of the radius, certain authors propose systematic classic ESIN, but the lateral point of entry inevitably entails a varus misalignment, which is no longer the case if the entry is medial.Level of evidenceLevel 4. Retrospective Study
Acute aquatic toxicity to zebrafish and bioaccumulation in marine mussels of antimony tin oxide nanoparticles
Antimony tin oxide (Sb2O5/SnO2) is effective in the absorption of infrared radiation for applications, such as skylights. As a nanoparticle (NP), it can be incorporated into films or sheets providing infrared radiation attenuation while allowing for a transparent final product. The acute toxicity exerted by commercial Sb2O5/SnO2 (ATO) NPs was studied in adults and embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our results suggest that these NPs do not induce an acute toxicity in zebrafish, either adults or embryos. However, some sub-lethal parameters were altered: heart rate and spontaneous movements. Finally, the possible bioaccumulation of these NPs in the aquacultured marine mussel Mytilus sp. was studied. A quantitative analysis was performed using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). The results indicated that, despite being scarce (2.31 Ă 106 ± 9.05 Ă 105 NPs/g), there is some accumulation of the ATO NPs in the mussel. In conclusion, commercial ATO NPs seem to be quite innocuous to aquatic organisms; however, the fact that some of the developmental parameters in zebrafish embryos are altered should be considered for further investigation. More in-depth analysis of these NPs transformations in the digestive tract of humans is needed to assess whether their accumulation in mussels presents an actual risk to humans.Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e Tecnologia | Ref. 2020.04021.CEECIN
Precipitation in original Duralumin A-U4G versus modern 2017A alloy
Precipitation in Duralumin, a historic quaternary alloy of the type: AlâCuâMgâSi, was never fully studied nor observed by current electron microscopy techniques. This article presents the full characterization and comparison of two alloys: a Duralumin (A-U4G) from the 1950s collected on a vintage aircraft and its modern equivalent: a 2017A alloy. The as-received and peak-aging states were analysed with DSC, SAXS and TEM advanced techniques. It is shown that old Duralumin and modern 2017A present a similar nanoprecipitation in the as-received state and behave similarly upon artificial aging. As opposed to what has been reported in the past, three types of precipitates participating in hardening were found upon aging: Ξâ-Al2Cu, Qâ(Q)-AlCuMgSi and Ω-Al2Cu
Platinum( ii ) complexes of mixed-valent radicals derived from cyclotricatechylene, a macrocyclic tris-dioxolene
Three complexes of cyclotricatechylene (H6ctc), [{PtL}3(ÎŒ3-ctc)], have been synthesised: (L = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene {dppb}, 1; L = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane {dppe}, 2; L = 4,4âČ-bis(tert-butyl)-2,2âČ-bipyridyl {tBu2bipy}, 3). The complexes show three low-potential, chemically reversible voltammetric oxidations separated by ca. 180 mV, corresponding to stepwise oxidation of the [ctc]6â catecholato rings to the semiquinonate level. The redox series [1]0/1+/2+/3+ and [3]0/1+/2+/3+ have been characterised by UV/vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry. The mono- and di-cations have class II mixed valent character, with reduced radical delocalisation compared to an analogous bis-dioxolene system. The SOMO composition of [1Ë]+ and [3Ë]+ has been delineated by cw EPR, ENDOR and HYSCORE spectroscopies, with the aid of two monometallic model compounds [PtL(DBsqË)]+ (DBsqH = 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)-1,2-benzosemiquinone; L = dppe or tBu2bipy). DF and time-dependent DF calculations confirm these interpretations, and demonstrate changes to spin-delocalisation in the ctc macrocycle as it is sequentially oxidised
Permissiveness of bovine epithelial cells from lung, intestine, placenta and udder for infection with Coxiella burnetii
Place et modalitĂ©s de la radiothĂ©rapie cĂ©rĂ©brale dans le lymphome primitif du systĂšme nerveux central nouvellement diagnostiquĂ© : Ă©tude rĂ©trospective multicentrique/thĂšse prĂ©sentĂ©e pour le diplĂŽme d'Ătat de docteur en mĂ©decine, diplĂŽme d'Ă
MĂ©decine (oncologie option onco-radiothĂ©rapie)Introduction: Les recommandations de prescription de la radiothĂ©rapie (RT) cĂ©rĂ©brale dans le traitement du lymphome primitif du systĂšme nerveux central (LPSNC) nouvellement diagnostiquĂ© ne sont pas consensuelles. Notre but Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer les pratiques professionnelles sur le territoire français. MĂ©thodes: Nous avons analysĂ© rĂ©trospectivement les dossiers cliniques et techniques de 79 patients traitĂ©s par RT cĂ©rĂ©brale dans 19 centres pour un LPSNC nouvellement diagnostiquĂ©. RĂ©sultats: Plus de la moitiĂ© des prescriptions ne respectaient pas les recommandations publiĂ©es, avec une importante hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ©. Nos rĂ©sultats soulignaient l'importance d'inclure les yeux dans le volume d'irradiation. Le volume d'irradiation focal Ă©tait associĂ© Ă une moindre survie globale en analyse univariĂ©e (p=0.005). Conclusion: Nous proposons une mise Ă jour des recommandations, dont la visibilitĂ© doit ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©e pour harmoniser les prescriptions de RT dans cette indicationIntroduction: The place of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is controversial. However, it remains a treatment option. Recommendations for prescribing brain RT in this indication are not consensual. Our goal was an evaluation of professional practices on French territory. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and technical records of 79 patients treated with cerebral RT in 19 centers for newly diagnosed PCNSL. Results: More than half of the prescriptions did not comply with published recommendations, with significant heterogeneity. Our results emphasized the importance of including the eyes in the irradiation volume. Focal irradiation volume was associated with poorer overall survival in univariate analysis (p=0.005). Conclusion: We propose an update of the recommendations, whose visibility must be improved in order to harmonize RT prescriptions in this indicationThĂšses et Ă©crits acadĂ©mique
Catalyse molĂ©culaire de lâĂ©lectrorĂ©duction du dioxyde de carbone en cellule Ă flux
Human activities are responsible for the carbon cycle disruption. This cycle notably balances the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere via photosynthesis and decomposition of living beings. Upon burning fossil fuels such as oil or coal, humans produce an astronomical amount of carbon dioxide (33 Gt in 2019) accumulating partially (approximately 25 %) in the atmosphere. This greenhouse gas is responsible for global warming. It is urgent to drastically decrease our carbon dioxide emissions. Numerous efforts are currently being made to valorize carbon dioxide. Thismolecule is stable and easy to handle. It is used in oil recovery processes, syngas production or as chemical solvent. Carbon dioxide can also be transformed with thermochemistry, biocatalysis, photochemistry or electrochemistry. Regarding these transformations, electrochemical catalysis is undoubtedly the closest technology that may reach industrial productivity while being viable economically. In this manuscript, we show that a simple, abundant and commercial molecule,Cobalt Phthalocyanine, is able to transform carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with industrial productivities. The comprehension and optimization of a flow cell, hosting the molecular catalyst, permit to multiply the reaction productivity by 17 and its stability by 30. Such performances upgrade is necessary to reach industrial production. A development plan of the flow cell is presented to upscale the lab 1 cm2 electrode to an industrially relevant 10 m2 surface.Carbon monoxide is used in several industries such as metallurgy, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Carbon dioxide electroreduction into carbon monoxide enables to decrease greenhouse gases emissions while producing an added value product. Using renewables energies, the industry carbon footprint could be reduced by 90 % while decreasing operational costs. It is an exceptional opportunity to contribute to the reduction of global carbon dioxide emissions. This work is one step closer from the conception of an anthropogenic carbon dioxide cycle.Les activitĂ©s humaines sont responsables du dĂ©rĂšglement du cycle du carbone. Cecycle rĂ©gule particuliĂšrement le dioxyde de carbone dans lâatmosphĂšre via la photosynthĂšse et la dĂ©composition des ĂȘtres vivants. En brĂ»lant des ressources fossiles comme le pĂ©trole ou le charbon, les humains produisent une quantitĂ© astronomique de dioxyde de carbone (33 Gt en 2019) qui sâaccumule pour partie (environ 25 %) dans lâatmosphĂšre. Ce gaz Ă effet de serre est un des principaux responsables du rĂ©chauffement climatique. Il est urgent de diminuer drastiquement nos Ă©missions de dioxyde de carbone. De nombreux efforts sont faits pour valoriser le dioxyde de carbone. Cette molĂ©cule est stable et facile dâutilisation. Elle sâavĂšre utile dans des procĂ©dĂ©s de rĂ©cupĂ©ration dâhydrocarbures, de production de gaz de synthĂšse ou en tant que solvant chimique. Il est aussi possible de la transformer par thermochimie, biocatalyse, photochimie et Ă©lectrochimie. Parmi toutes ces options, la catalyse Ă©lectrochimique est sans doute la plus proche dâatteindre des vitesses de transformations et des coĂ»ts compatibles avec un dĂ©veloppement technologique industriel. Dans ce manuscrit, nous montrons quâune molĂ©cule simple, abondante et commerciale, la phtalocyanine de cobalt, est capable de transformer le dioxyde de carbone en monoxyde de carbone avec des productivitĂ©s industrielles. La comprĂ©hension et lâoptimisation dâune cellule Ă flux comprenant le catalyseur molĂ©culaire apermis de multiplier la productivitĂ© de la rĂ©action par 17 et sa stabilitĂ© par 30. Des courants partiels pour la production de CO supĂ©rieurs Ă 0.5 A:cm-2 ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus. Il est nĂ©cessaire dâaugmenter lâĂ©chelle de production de cette rĂ©action afin dâatteindre les impĂ©ratifs industriels. Un plan de dĂ©veloppement de la cellule Ă flux est prĂ©sentĂ© et il permettra dâaugmenter la surface des Ă©lectrodes, de 1 cm2 Ă 10 m2. Le monoxyde de carbone produit est un composĂ© utilisĂ© dans de nombreuses industries comme la mĂ©tallurgie, lâindustrie chimique et pharmaceutique. LâĂ©lectrorĂ©duction du dioxyde de carbone en monoxyde de carbone permettra de diminuer lesĂ©missions de gaz Ă effet de serre tout en fournissant un produit Ă valeur ajoutĂ©e. En utilisant de lâĂ©lectricitĂ© renouvelable, il est dĂ©sormais envisageable de rĂ©duire lâempreinte carbone de ces industries de 90 % tout en rĂ©duisant les coĂ»ts de production. Câest une opportunitĂ© exceptionnelle afin de contribuer Ă la baisse des Ă©missions globales de dioxyde de carbone. Ce travail constitue une brique importante menant vers la mise au point dâun cycle du dioxyde de carbone dâorigine anthropique
Investigation of ion separation by microporous nanofiltration membranes
International audienc
- âŠ