Characterization of the equatorial F2-region plasma drift using doppler interferometry at Parit Raja

The ionosphere has long been used as a medium for long-distance transmission before the advent of satellites. There has now been a resurgence in its research after events that have occured in Iraq and Aceh where, ground-based infrastructures are destroyed from the effects of war or natural disasters. The bulk of research work in this area of study which uses the ionosphere as a channel medium comes from advanced countries representing the midlatitude regions of the world. It is therefore the objective of this thesis to characterize the behaviour of the ionosphere which is more representative of the equatorial regions. This work presents the measurements of plasma drifts from the ionospheric F2-layer at the equatorial station of Parit Raja (1° 52' N and 103° 48' E) using the technique of Doppler interferometry. Analysis is carried out from data gathered during periods of low solar and geomagnetic activities of 2005 with a view to statistically model or characterize its properties. As a result of plasma drift, Doppler effects are observed on the reflected echoes due to scattering from the irregular and non-uniform reflection layer. An approximation for the ionospheric F2-layer as a non-selective flat Rayleigh channel is first developed using an FIR filter that follows a Jakes’ Doppler channel response with the assumptions that multipaths are not resolvable and appear as one at the receiver with uniform Doppler rate. Since the actual ionosphere is non-flat with frequency-selectivity and also exhibits time-variability, a more realistic modelling of the ionospheric structure is needed. This is achieved by subdividing the operating bandwidth of the ionospheric medium into an aggregate of narrowband and orthogonal subchannels, where each is narrowband enough to possess flat Rayleigh fading. By adopting this technique of multicarrier transmission, each subchannel can be considered as flat and uniformly time-varying, which can be practically implemented using an IIR filter. The effect of variable Doppler rates is addressed by employing the techniques of upsampling and interpolation. The channel modelling is based on the Jakes Doppler response for 35 KHz in bandwidth which is more appropriate for equatorial region as opposed to ITU-R F.1487 that adopts the Gaussian spectral response with 10 KHz of bandwidth for midlatitude regions. Empirical simulation of results for the developed models using measured data and the performance measures have been reasonably accurate in characterizing the channel as having a Jakes Doppler response with Rayleigh fading within limits of +/-2 Hz Doppler shifts or +/-100 m/s plasma drifts

Petrology, Provenance, and Depositional Setting of the Lower Tallahatta Formation (Meridian Sand) in Grenada County, Mississippi

The Meridian Sand represents the lowermost member of the Middle Eocene Tallahatta Formation, which is found in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. Five stratigraphic sections in Grenada County were measured and described. Twenty-one sand and sandstone samples, and 2 mud samples were collected from all sections. Textural analyses were performed on all 23 samples to determine their lithologic properties. Petrographic descriptions and modal analyses were performed on thin sections made from the 21 sand and sandstone samples, and 400 grains were point counted in each sample. Geochemical analyses were carried out on all sand, sandstone, and mud samples using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to identify elemental composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted to characterize the mineralogical composition of mud samples. Nine lithofacies were defined based on lithologic properties, and field observations. The general lithology of the Meridian Sand in Grenada County is very fine to coarse, angular to sub-angular, poorly to moderately well-sorted sand and sandstones, and it is often interbedded with mud beds. Quartz is the most dominant mineral, and it composes more than 90% of the framework grains in all sands and sandstones. The sands and sandstones were classified according to Dott’s (1964) classification as quartzarenites, sublitharenites, quartzwackes, and lithicgraywackes

Sport Marketing: Reality and Hope in Jordan

Marketing is defined as the key used to achieve the objectives of the sport institution which is providing the market with its  needs . The consumers’ behaviour towards the athletic product leads to what is known as the appearance of the sport marketing . Therefore ,sport marketing started to be as an independent science that has its own identity.  Sport has become an attractive element in the world of globalization . Many elements attract the consumers towards the athletic product more and more as a result of the world of competition between the institutions that get interested in sport as a field of business. This trend gives the priority to  understand the processes of sport production and specialized marketing regarding this field as a mechanism to create a position to the sport product in the Market . Sport marketing in Jordan  has not reached the level of significance yet and the ability to get benefit of the available opportunities regarding sport production is still absent. The problem that Jordan faces in marketing  is that how to market the product and encourage the consumer to buy it. So many plans were proposed to face the competitors and many strategies were  put to meet the consumers’ desires and needs. And as a result , sport sector started to develop rapidly where many specializations appeared looking for who consume them and ask for them. Keywords : marketing – sport marketing –sport production-Marketing Mi

Retrieving Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Dataset using Text Mining Methods

Abstract: - The internet is a huge source of documents, containing a massive number of texts presented in multilingual languages on a wide range of topics. These texts are demonstrating in an electronic documents format hosted on the web. The documents exchanged using special forms in an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) environment. Using web text mining approaches to mine documents in EDI environment could be new challenging guidelines in web text mining. Applying text-mining approaches to discover knowledge previously unknown patters retrieved from the web documents by using partitioned cluster analysis methods such as k- means methods using Euclidean distance measure algorithm for EDI text document datasets is unique area of research these days. Our experiments employ the standard K-means algorithm on EDI text documents dataset that most commonly used in electronic interchange. We also report some results using text mining clustering application solution called WEKA. This study will provide high quality services to any organization that is willing to use the system. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2865

New Discovery of Fe - Mn Mineralization along Abu Asal Fault Dead Sea Area, Central Jordan

This work is describing a new discovery of iron - manganese deposit in central Jordan. The geology and mineralogy of Lower Cretaceous Kurnub sandstone hosted Fe- Mn mineralization in the area of Wadi Abu Asal was investigated. The mineralization is interesting as it's restricted to the Neogene NNE-SSW trending fault zone, which is related and parallel to the major Dead Sea fault system. In addition, it is outcropping in an area that compresses many hot springs and geothermal indications. The vein type mineralization is the dominating feature, which indicated an epigenetic mineralization. The major oxides geochemistry reveals the hydrothermal origin of the ore, were Fe and Mn have negative correlation with Si and Ca, which are the main elements forming the minerals of the hosting rocks. The mineral phases of iron deposit are the goethite and magnetite. Keywords: Fe-mineralization; Jordan, hydrothermal, veins, goethite; magnetit

Occurrence And Characterization Of Fusarium Spp. Isolated From Mangrove Soils

Genus Fusarium adalah antara kulat fitopatogen dan toksigen penting yang tersebar secara meluas dalam alam semula jadi. Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan keberlakuan dan ciri-ciri pencilan Fusarium daripada tanah bakau, yang terkenal dengan flora dan fauna, sebaliknya tidak begitu diketahui sebagai substrat bagi Fusarium spp.. Sejumlah 136 pencilan Fusarium telah dipencilkan daripada sampel tanah bakau yang diambil dari pada beberapa kawasan bakau di Pulau Pinang dan Kedah. The genus Fusarium is among the most important phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi, widely spread in nature. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and characterize Fusarium isolates from mangrove soils which are well known for its flora and fauna, but poorly known as substrate of Fusarium species

Training theories and practices and their applications in the Libyan oil industry

The purpose of this study is to describe, analyse and evaluate the problem of shortage of well-qualified and trained personnel in the Libyan Oil Industry and to examine training policies, practices and programmes currently provided by this highly valued industry. The major goal of this study was to identify the necessary steps to be taken in order to improve the training and development programmes in this industry.A review is presented of literature on the nature and importance of training; how training can be conducted effectively; what kind of techniques should be followed to set up proper systematic training programmes; and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of training and development programmes. The policies and practices of training currently in use in the Libyan Oil Industry are investigated, as are the current general education and training system in Libya and the role of Libyan universities and other higher education institutions.A questionnaire was applied to a sample of 101 trainees sent by the Libyan Oil Industry on training to the U.K. respondents represented different companies and projects and various fields of specialisation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the raw data obtained from the questionnaire responses.The results of the study indicated the following:1. A master plan for organising and supervising training programmes is needed.2. Training programmes should be designed after identifying training needs.3. Training should be in job related.4. Trainees should work in the area in which they received training.5. Top management should receive training in their major activities and responsibilities.6. Training should be provided for all employees.7. Training programmes should be evaluated regularly.8. Co-ordination and collaboration should be made between industry and the university in regard to manpower training and development.9. Training policies should be periodically reviewed.10. Training should be considered as a continuous process

Nurses’ Perceptions of Inmate Health Problems in Correctional Facilities: A Qualitative Study

An estimated forty percent of jail inmates suffer from chronic health problems. It is important to know what kinds of issues the corrections population faces most commonly. My project looks at the perceptions of nurses who work at a county jail in rural Indiana to see what they view as the most common inmate health problems. It also looks at literature relating to the topic, and compares the results of the two sources of information. I used a seven-question qualitative survey to ask the nurses about what they viewed as the most common problems they saw. I found that both sources mentioned chronic illness and substance use as important issues, but only the literature mentioned serious mental illness and sexually transmitted infections, while only the survey mentioned seizures, insomnia, headaches, toothaches, and urinary tract infections.B.S. (Bachelor of Science

The Extent of Adopting a Hierarchical Interpretative Structure by the ILC in Arts 31-2 of the VCLT to Remove the Legal Uncertainty from Treaty Interpretation

Treaty interpretation is a matter of legal uncertainty because of not having a hierarchical structure to regulate implementing interpretative rules. Therefore, Some interpretative schools, such as the textual, the contextual and the objective and purpose are emerged; each school believes its approach the most effective to achieve the goal from treaty interpretation. Although the ILC sought to resolve this uncertainty through codifying interpretative norms in Articles 31 and 332 of the VCLT, it is argued that the ILC failed in achieving this goal because of not codifying a hierarchical structure to regulate applying interpretative norms. Nonetheless, reviewing ILC’s relevant reports and the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties 1968 leads to reach a hierarchical structure regulates implementing interpretative rules. This structure stipulates firstly resorting to the textual approach; however, if the text is insufficient, the contextual approach shall be directly resorted to. Regarding the purpose and objective approach, it shall not be implemented in isolation from other approaches to avoid exploiting it to achieve self-interests. Regarding supplementary means, they can be exclusively used to either confirm reached interpretations by the aforementioned approaches or to decide which meaning is correct when these aforementioned approaches lead to either obscure or ambiguous meanings or to unreasonable or unclear result

The Structure of Management Information System and its Impact on the Management of the Corona Crisis in Jordanian Universities

Purpose: This paper aims to identify the impact of structuring management information systems in managing the Corona crisis in Jordanian universities.   Theoretical Framework: This paper discusses the impact of structuring management information systems in Jordanian universities in managing the Corona crisis. In addition, how has the organizational and administrative structure of Jordanian universities impacted the management of the Corona crisis? and the role of technical structuring in Jordanian university crisis management?   Design/methodology/approach: The population of this study include all public and private Jordanian universities, and the sample consisted of (384) respondents from the deans of academic faculties, heads of departments, and members of the teaching staff in these universities, this paper considered one of the field research in which the researcher followed the descriptive analytical method,  The data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences  program, and the hypotheses were tested using arithmetic means, standard deviation, and multiple and simple linear regression analysis.   Findings: The results showed a statistically significant effect of the elements of the structuring of management information systems (organizational, administrative and technical structuring) in managing the Corona crisis in Jordanian universities, and it was found that the universities responded immediately to contain the Corona crisis by the way of distributing tasks in a short period when it occurs, and as periodic meetings were held to prepare to deal with the Corona crisis.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The structuring of management information systems plays a major role in the growth and development of the global economy. Therefore, management information systems and its various tools have become the mainstay and technical base for advancement in the field of e-business, telecommunications, e-commerce, and e-government.     Originality/value: This study sheds light on the degree to which Jordanian private universities (student community) keep up with contemporary administrative systems, concepts, and models, in particular with regard to the impact of structuring management information systems in managing the Corona crisis in Jordanian private universities, which are regarded as one of the interdisciplinary research centers in the world