The impact of fire on habitat use by the short-snouted elephant shrew ('Elephantulus brachyrhynchus') in North West Province, South Africa

Several studies have investigated the response of small mammal populations to fire, but few have investigated behavioural responses to habitat modification. In this study we investigated the impact of fire on home range, habitat use and activity patterns of the short-snouted elephant shrew (Elephantulus brachyrhynchus) by radio-tracking individuals before and after a fire event. All animals survived the passage of fire in termite mound refugia. Before the fire, grassland was used more than thickets, but habitat utilization shifted to thickets after fire had removed the grass cover. Thickets were an important refuge both pre- and post-fire, but the proportion of thicket within the home range was greater post-fire. We conclude that fire-induced habitat modification resulted in a restriction of E. brachyrhynchus movements to patches of unburned vegetation. This may be a behavioural response to an increase in predation pressure associated with a reduction in cover, rather than a lack of food. This study highlights the importance of considering the landscape mosaic in fire management and allowing sufficient island patches to remain post-fire ensures the persistence of the small mammal fauna

Measurement of surface topography by RGB Shadow-Moiré with direct phase demodulation

In this paper we present the application of a direct demodulation method for the measurement of surface topography by means of Shadow-Moiré. In our set-up, we use three LEDs (with green, red and blue peak wavelengths) to illuminate the grating. Due to the different position of these light sources, a polychromatic Shadow-Moiré fringe pattern is produced, which can be described as the superposition of three monochromatic (red, green and blue) fringe patterns. Taking the image of this polychromatic fringe pattern with a RGB CCD camera, we get a monochromatic fringe pattern stored at each RGB channel of the CCD. The direct demodulation algorithm employed uses these fringe patterns to calculate the wrapped phase map. After unwrapping the phase map using a standard multi-grid technique, we implemented an automatic procedure to detect the area of interest of the phase map by removing low modulation zones and to calculate the absolute value of the phase. In this way it is possible to determine the topography of a surface with a single RGB snapshot maintaining a simple experimental set-up, which is an important feature, especially for the study of dynamic phenomena such as deformations. We present the experimental results obtained after measuring different objects with both smooth and rough surface textures

Temporal demodulation of fringe patterns with sensitivity change

There are many phase measuring experimental setups in which the rate of temporal phase variation cannot be easily determined. In the case of phase stepping techniques, asynchronous phase measuring techniques were developed to solve this problem. However, there are situations for which the standard asynchronous techniques are not appropriated, like experiments with a sensitivity variation in the phase. In this work, we present an asynchronous demodulation technique for which the only requirement is the monotonicity of the phase in time. The proposed method is based in the computation of the quadrature sign (QS) of the fringe pattern and afterwards the demodulation is performed by a simple arccos calculation, that thanks to the QS extends its range from half fringe to a modulo 2π calculation. The presented demodulation method is asynchronous, direct, fast and can be applied to a general n-dimensional case. We have applied the proposed method to a load stepping experimental fringe pattern obtaining good results

Similarities and differences in RANTES and (AOP)-RANTES-triggered signals : implications for chemotaxis

11 páginas, 8 figuras.Chemokines are a family of proinflammatory cytokines that attract and activate specific types of leukocytes. Chemokines mediate their effects via interaction with seven transmembrane G proteinÐcoupled receptors (GPCR). Using CCR5-transfected HEK-293 cells, we show that both the CCR5 ligand, RANTES, as well as its derivative, aminooxypentane (AOP)-RANTES, trigger immediate responses such as Ca2+ influx, receptor dimerization, tyrosine phosphorylation,and Gai as well as JAK/STAT association to the receptor. In contrast to RANTES, (AOP)-RANTES is unable to trigger late responses, as measured by the association of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to the chemokine receptor complex, impaired cell polarization required for migration, or chemotaxis. The results are discussed in the context of the dissociation of the late signals, provoked by the chemokines required for cell migration, from early signals.Peer reviewe

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Ritmo diario de actividad social en (Gambusia affinis)Sobre la herpetofauna de la Sierra de Estrella (Portugal) con especial referencia a Coronella austriaca austriaca y Vipera latastiNuevos datos sobre la distribución geográfica de los anfibios y reptiles ibéricosBiogeografía en la evolución de un grupo de formas de Coluber en el Paleártico OccidentalDatos sobre la alimentación de ofidiosEstructura de las galerías de nidificación del Abejaruco (Merops apiaster) en DoñanaComportamiento de la Perdiz Moruna ( Alectoris barbara) en cautividadEl paso otoñal de Sylvia borin y Sylvia conmmunis en la Reserva de DoñanaSobre el lirón Gris (Glis glis pyrenaicus Cabrera, 1908) en España.Sobre alimentación y biología de la Gineta (Genetta genetta lo) en EspañaEliomys quercinus valverdei, un nuevo lirón careto del noroeste de la Península IbéricaPeer reviewe

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Captura de Petromyzon marinus lo en las Marismas del GuadalquivirEstudio sobre la Lagartiia de Valverde Algyroides marchi (Reptilia, Lacertidae)Dimorfismo sexual en Psammodromuus algirus (Reptilia, Lacertidae)Mecanismos de parasitización por Clamator glandarius y defensa por Pica pica.Nidificación de Cyanopica cyana en Doñana.Reproducción de la Urraca (P.pica) en DoñanaNesting relationship between Columba palambus and Milvus migransBiometría y dimorfismo sexual en el Calamón (Polphyrio porphyrio).Sobre sexo, mecanismos y proceso de reproducciónen el Buitre Leonado (Gyps fulvus)Aves anilladas por la Estación Biológica de Doñana. Informe Nº 1. (Años 1964 a 1971)Dimorfismo sexual y diferenciación de edades en Sturnus unicolor Temm.Contribución al estudio de la biología y ecología del Lirón Careto, Eliomys quercinus Linnaeus 1766, en Iberia Central, Parte 1: Crecimiento, Reproducción y Nidificación.Sobre el Lobo (Canis lupus) ibérico:1. Dimorfismo sexual en cráneosMorfología y dimorfismo sexual de la pelvis de Pitymys duodecimcostatusAlgunos aspectos del diformismo sexual en el cráneo de las Ginetas españolas, (Genetta genetta) (L.) 1758Peer reviewe

An Aptamer against MNK1 for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its late diagnosis and consequently poor survival make necessary the search for new therapeutic targets. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinase 1 (MNK1) is overexpressed in lung cancer and correlates with poor overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The previously identified and optimized aptamer from our laboratory against MNK1, apMNKQ2, showed promising results as an antitumor drug in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the present study shows the antitumor potential of apMNKQ2 in another type of cancer where MNK1 plays a significant role, such as NSCLC. The effect of apMNKQ2 in lung cancer was studied with viability, toxicity, clonogenic, migration, invasion, and in vivo efficacy assays. Our results show that apMNKQ2 arrests the cell cycle and reduces viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in NSCLC cells. In addition, apMNKQ2 reduces tumor growth in an A549-cell line NSCLC xenograft model. In summary, targeting MNK1 with a specific aptamer may provide an innovative strategy for lung cancer treatment.R.C.-M. was supported for predoctoral contracts (PEJD 2016-BMD-2145 and 2018-BMD-9201) from the Community of Madrid and grant RTC2019-07227-1. M.E.M. and V.M.G. are researchers from FIBio-HRC supported by Consejeria de Sanidad (CAM). This work was supported by grants RTC2019-07227-1 and PID2019-105417RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain)

A Robot-Soccer-Coordination Inspired Control Architecture Applied to Islanded Microgrids

© 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Nowadays islanded microgrids present a high interest due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources, especially in remote areas, or for improving the local energy reliability. A microgrid can operate in gridconnected or islanded mode, being necessary the use of energy storage systems under islanded operation, in order to ensure the generation/consumption power balance and smooth uncertainties in the dynamics of the renewable energy sources. Particularly, in islanded operation at least one of the distributed energy resources should assume the regulation of the common bus. In a microgrid, every distributed energy resource may be able to cooperate with the grid regulation in accordance to its particular operational conditions. In this sense, a centralized unit with a global perception of the load demand, the power provided by the renewable energy sources, and the storage capacity of the energy storage systems, may ensure proper and reliable operation of the microgrid. This paper proposes a structured architecture based on tactics, roles and behaviors for a coordinated operation of islanded microgrids. The architecture is inspired on a robot soccer strategy with global perception and centralized control, which determines the changes among operation modes for the distributed energy resources in an islanded ac microgrid.The work of N. L. Diaz and J. G. Guarnizo was supported by a scholarship from the Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation COLCIENCIAS, Colombia.Díaz Aldana, NL.; Guarnizo Marín, JG.; Mellado Arteche, M.; Vasquez, JC.; Guerrero, JM. (2016). A Robot-Soccer-Coordination Inspired Control Architecture Applied to Islanded Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. PP(99):1-15. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2016.2572262S115PP9

Sociodemographic changes and trends in the rates of new perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission in Spain from 1997 to 2015

Background There are not enough nationwide studies on perinatal HIV transmission in connection with a combination of antiretroviral treatments in Spain. Our objectives were to study sociodemographic changes and trends in the rates of HIV diagnoses and perinatal transmission in Spain from 1997 to 2015. Methods A retrospective study using data from Spanish Paediatric HIV Network (CoRISpe) and Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MDBS) was performed. HIV- diagnosed children between 1997 and 2015 were selected. Sociodemographic, clinical and immunovirological data of HIV-infected children and their mothers were studied in four calendar periods (P1: 1997-2000; P2: 2001-2005; P3: 2006-2010; P4: 2011-2015). Rates of perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission from 1997 to 2015 were calculated. Results A total of 532 HIV-infected children were included in this study. Of these children, 406 were Spanish (76.3%) and 126 immigrants (23.7%). A decrease in the number of HIV diagnoses, 203 (38.2%) children in the first (P1), 149 (28%) in the second (P2), 130 (24.4%) in the third (P3) and 50 (9.4%) in the fourth (P4) calendar periods was studied. The same decrease in the Spanish HIV-infected children (P1, 174 (46.6%), P2, 115 (30.8%), P3, 65 (17.4%) and P4, 19 (5.1%)) was monitored. However, an increase in the number of HIV diagnoses by sexual contact (P1: 0%; P2: 1.3%; P3: 4.6%; P4: 16%) was observed. The rates of new perinatal HIV diagnoses and perinatal transmission in Spanish children decreased from 0.167 to 0.005 per 100,000 inhabitants and 11.4% to 0.4% between 1997 and 2015, respectively. Conclusions A decline of perinatal HIV diagnoses and transmission was observed. However, an increase of teen-agers HIV diagnoses with sexual infection was studied. Public awareness campaigns directed to teen-agers are advisable to prevent HIV infection by sexual contact