Property rights in land: institutional innovations, social appropiations, and path dependence

This paper addresses critically, from the standpoints of social history and sociology, dominant views on path dependence, institutions and property in the New Institutional Economics and Law and Economics literatures, which we find lacking in what concerns the analysis of concrete social relationships and processes. We argue for an approach to property rights, specifically in land, that goes beyond the perspective on property as an institution and builds on the analytical potential of the definition of property rights as social relations, as well as for the view of property as a bundle of rights and against the revival of the absolute concept of property under a juridical numerus clausus of property forms. We submit that it is at this more concrete level of social relations that we may detect the historical sequences of events and outcomes generating path dependence.Este texto discute críticamente, desde el punto de vista de la historia social y la sociología, las visiones dominantes sobre la ‘dependencia del camino’, las instituciones y la propiedad en las literaturas de la Nueva Economía Institucional y Derecho y Economía, visiones que hallamos insuficientes en cuanto al análisis concreto de los procesos históricos y las relaciones sociales. Argumentamos a favor de una aproximación a los derechos de propiedad, específicamente de la tierra, que vaya más allá de la perspectiva de la propiedad como una institución y se apoye en la potencia analítica de una definición de los derechos de propiedad en tanto relaciones sociales, así como en una visión de la propiedad como una ‘haz de derechos’ en contraposición al renacer del concepto de ‘propiedad absoluta’ bajo la definición jurídica de un numerus clausus de formas de propiedad. Sostenemos que es en este nivel más concreto de las relaciones sociales, en el que podemos detectar las secuencias históricas de los acontecimientos así como los resultados que generan una ‘dependencia del camino’

A review of reported effects of pelagic longline fishing gear configurations on target, bycatch and vulnerable species

1. A meta-analysis of 40 publications totalling 59 experiments was undertaken to review and assess the effects of changing the hook (circle vs. J-hooks or tuna hooks), bait (fish vs. squid) and leader (wire vs. nylon) type on retention and at haulback mortality rates of teleosts (tunas and billfishes), elasmobranchs and sea turtles caught on shallow-set and deep-set pelagic longline fisheries. 2. Circle hooks are a promising approach to mitigate the impact of pelagic longline fisheries on sea turtles, as they reduced sea turtle retention rates. The adoption of circle hooks would, however, also lead to a decrease in swordfish retention, the main target species of shallow-set pelagic longlines. 3. Using fish as bait resulted in lower retention rates of sea turtles, highlighting that option as an additional measure to further mitigate sea turtle bycatch. The bait type had non-significant effects on sharks, except for blue shark and shortfin mako, for which at-haulback mortality rates were significantly higher with fish bait. 4. The use of nylon leaders instead of wire leaders could serve as a conservation measure for sharks, as they reduced the retention of blue shark without adversely impacting the catches of swordfish. The results on the effect of the leader material types should, however, be interpreted with caution owing to the limited information available reporting on leader material effects. 5. When considering future research directions, priority should be given to experimental field work on the effects of leader material and on deep-set longlines. Evaluating the post-release survival of species should also be a priority.LA/P/0101/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise da interacção de navios com dispositivos de acostagem e amarração : estudo em modelo físico do posto "A" do terminal de petroleiros do Porto de Leixões

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Civil. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 201

Expressiveness and Instrumentality of Crime Scene Behavior in Spanish Homicides

One of the current trends in the study of criminal profiling consists of developing theoretical and methodological typologies to offer information of operational use in police investigations. The objective of this work was to verify the validity of the instrumental/expressive model, so as to establish homicide typologies based on modus operandi relationships, characteristics of the victims, and characteristics of perpetrators. The sample consisted of 448 homicide cases registered in the database of the Homicide Revision Project of the Office of Coordination and Studies of the Spanish Secretary of State and Security. Through multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis, three expressive homicide subtypes were identified (expressive-impulsive, expressive-distancing, and expressive-family), as well as two instrumental homicide subtypes (instrumental-opportunist and instrumental-gratification). The expressive homicide typologies accounted for almost 95% of all of the studied cases, and most of the homicides occurring in Spain were found to take place between individuals who know one another (friends, family members, intimate couples/ex-couples). The findings from this study suggest that the instrumental/expressive model may be a useful framework for understanding the psychological processes underlying homicides, based on the study of relationships between the crime and aggressor characteristics, which may be very helpful in the prioritization of suspect

Estudo do comportamento de um navio amarrado no Posto "A" do Terminal Petroleiro do Porto de Leixões: construção e calibração do modelo físico (Physical model study of the behavior of a moored ship at the berth "A" Leixões Oil Terminal: Construction and calibration of the physical model)

O comportamento de navios amarrados, e por conseguinte, as condições de operacionalidade e de segurança num dado terminal portuário, não apresenta uma relação simples e directa com as condições ambientais locais. Dada a diversidade e a complexidade dos fenómenos hidrodinâmicos envolvidos, a modelação física e uma ferramenta fundamental para o estudo deste tipo de problemas. Após a caracterização do Terminal Petroleiro do Porto de Leixões e efectuada uma descrição sumaria dos principais problemas que afectam as condições de operacionalidade e de segurança no Posto "A". Com a componente experimental do estudo na sua fase inicial, será dado especial destaque a construção do modelo físico (incluindo os dispositivos de acostagem e amarração, o modelo do navio petroleiro, e a estrutura de acostagem) e aos ensaios de calibração do mesmo. Será também feita referencia as técnicas de experimentação e aos objectivos das fases que compõem o estudo em modelo físico.Moored ship behavior inside harbors, and therefore the operational and security conditions at a port terminal, does not have a straightforward relationship with the local environmental conditions. Due to the diversity and complexity of the involved phenomena, physical modeling is an essential tool to deal with this kind of issues. After the presentation of the Leixoes Oil Terminal, a brief description of the main problems affecting operational and security conditions at the berth "A" is carried out. Being the experimental component of the study in its initial phase, special attention is given to the construction of the physical model (including the berthing and mooring devices, the tanker model and the berthing structure) and its calibration tests. Reference is also made to experimental techniques and to the phases that compose the physical model study

Aboriginal Women Against Violence Project Evaluation Report

In 2008 Joan Harrison’s Support Services for Women received funding under the National Community Crime Prevention Programme (NCCPP) in relation to the Aboriginal Women Against Violence Project. The overall aim of the project was ‘to address family violence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Liverpool and Campbelltown areas’ (Attorney General’s Funding schedule). The project identified two specific strategies to achieve this general aim: to train local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women to become trainer, mentors and advocates in their own communities;to establish an Aboriginal Women Against Violence Committee. This evaluation reports on the agreed outcomes identified in the funding agreement as well as identifying broader lessons arising from the project in relation to addressing violence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.Joan Harrison’s Support Services for Wome

Data from NASA Power and surface weather stations under different climates on reference evapotranspiration estimation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os dados estimados pela Nasa Power em relação aos medidos em estações meteorológicas de superfície, em diferentes climas, e verificar os efeitos destes dados na estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo). Para comparação, foram utilizados dados medidos em 21 estações meteorológicas de superfície, localizadas no Brasil, em Israel, na Austrália, em Portugal e nos Estados Unidos da América, representando diferentes tipos climáticos de acordo com Köppen. As seguintes variáveis climáticas foram analisadas diariamente: temperaturas máxima (Tmáx), média (Tméd) e mínima (Tmín) do ar; velocidade do vento; radiação solar incidente; e umidade relativa média do ar (URméd). A velocidade do vento apresentou as maiores variações e foi superestimada nos climas Cfb, BWh, BSh e Cfa. A Tméd e a velocidade média do vento foram estimadas com precisão nos climas Csa e BWh, enquanto a Tmáx e a Tmín foram subestimadas em 13 e 9 climas, respectivamente; a Tmín não apresentou resultados satisfatórios nos climas tropicais. Já a radiação solar incidente foi superestimada em todos os climas, exceto no BSh, mas apresentou os melhores indicadores estatísticos entre as variáveis analisadas. Os cenários em que a ETo foi estimada com o método Penman-Monteith e os dados da Nasa Power foram consistentes até para o tipo climático que apresentou a pior associação entre dados medidos e estimados.The objective of this work was to evaluate the data estimated by NASA Power in relation to that measured at surface weather stations under different climates, and to verify the effects of these data on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation. For comparison, data measured at 21 surface weather stations, located in Brazil, Israel, Australia, Portugal, and the United States of America were used, representing different Köppen climate types. The following climatic variables were analyzed daily: maximum (Tmax), mean (Tmean), and minimum (Tmin) air temperatures; wind speed; incident solar radiation; and mean relative humidity (RHmean). Wind speed showed the highest variations and was overestimated in the Cfb, BWh, BSh, and Cfa climates. Tmean and mean wind speed were estimated accurately in the Csa and BWh climates, whereas Tmax and Tmin were underestimated in 13 and 9 climates, respectively; Tmin did not show adequate results in tropical climates. Incident solar radiation was overestimated in all climates, except in BSh, but presented the best statistical indicators among the analyzed variables. The scenarios in which ETo was estimated using the Penman-Monteith method and data from NASA Power were consistent even for the climate type that presented the worst association between measured and estimated data

Performance of equations to estimate the hourly actual vapor pressure

The objective of the present study was to analyze the performance of equations to estimate the hourly actual vapor pressure (ea) in the regions of Paraná State, Southern Brazil, and in the main Brazilian climate types. Four equations were tested, being considered the equation that uses the relative humidity (RH) as standard. Hourly data series from automatic meteorological stations of the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used in the analyses, being 25 from the Paraná State (data measured between December 1, 2016 and November 8, 2018) and 8 representing the main Brazilians climate types (Af, Am, Aw, Bsh, Cfa, Cfb, Cwa and Cwb; data measured between December 12, 2018 and December 11, 2019). The association between standard and alternative equations was verified using linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient (r), index of agreement (d) and root mean square error (RMSE). The alternative equations did not differ from the standard equation in the locations of Paraná State (d = 1.0 and r = 1.0; RMSE ≤ 0.02 kPa) and Brazilian climate types (d = 1.0; r ≥ 0.99; RMSE ≤ 0.02 kPa). The equation to be used must be made considering the quality and availability of the necessary input data in each equation.

O estatuto da pessoa com deficiência: regulação e políticas públicas para a efetiva inclusão social

O objetivo deste artigo é destacar a importância do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência como meio de efetivação da inclusão social, possibilitando igualdade de condições para que as pessoas com deficiência possam ter autonomia e emancipação. As Categorias a serem trabalhadas neste artigo são Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência, Pessoa com Deficiência, Inclusão Social, Princípio da Igualdade, Princípio da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana e Políticas Públicas, cujos Conceitos Operacionais serão apresentados no decorrer da narrativa. Quanto à metodologia, foi utilizado o método indutivo com as técnicas da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental

Population Genetic Data for F13A01, FES/FPS, F13B and LPL in the South Portuguese Population

Poster apresentado no 24th World Congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics, Viena (Austria), 2011DNA parentage testing is currently performed using several highly polymorphic short tandem repeats (STRs). In our routine casework, we apply two validated STRs kits, in order to have results in the 13 codis loci plus D2S1338, D19S433, PENTA E, PENTA D, and Amelogenin. In complex and deficient paternity cases it is often necessary to increment the number of studied STRs. For this reason, we introduced in our laboratory GenePrint® FFFL Multiplex kit, which can provide results in F13A1, FES/FPS, F13B, and LPL using the GenePrint® FFFL System (Promega, USA) kit. In this study, we analyzed 150 unrelated and healthy individuals from the south Portugal population. Allele frequencies and statistical parameters were estimated with Arlequin 3.5.1.2. Paternity Statistics were calculated using software package PowerStats v12. The forensic efficiency values suggested that loci F13A01, FES/FPS, F13B, and LPL are discriminative and very useful to solve complex forensic casework, and should be added to the set of STRs loci routinely used in Forensic laboratories. In conclusion, an additional 4 loci dataset was established for the south Portuguese population, which can be used for both forensic casework and complex kinship testinginfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio